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Optimized fat oxidizing potentials -

Moher , D. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols PRISMA-P statement. Systematic Reviews, 4, Article 1. Pickering , C. Are low doses of caffeine as ergogenic as higher doses? A critical review highlighting the need for comparison with current best practice in caffeine research.

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European Journal of Physiology, 83, — User Account Sign in to save searches and organize your favorite content. Not registered? Sign up My Content 0 Recently viewed 0 Save Entry.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. in International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Scott A. Conger Scott A. Conger Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University , Boise, ID, USA Search for other papers by Scott A. Conger in Current site Google Scholar PubMed Close.

Lara M. Tuthill Lara M. Tuthill Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University , Boise, ID, USA Search for other papers by Lara M. Tuthill in Current site Google Scholar PubMed Close. Mindy L. Millard-Stafford Mindy L. Millard-Stafford School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA Search for other papers by Mindy L.

Millard-Stafford in Current site Google Scholar PubMed Close. In Print: Volume Issue 2. Page Range: — Free access. Get Citation Alerts. Download PDF. Abstract Full Text PDF Author Notes Supplementary Materials.

Methods Systematic Literature Review For this study, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were followed Moher et al. Figure 1 —Selection of articles for meta-analysis of fat metabolism when consuming CAF. Statistical Analysis Study data were extracted from text or relevant tables.

If data were not reported elsewhere, figures were used for data extraction. Figures were enlarged, and the mean and variance data presented were measured to the nearest millimeters using the appropriate scale of the figure. Data from each study were converted into the same format by calculating the effect size ES as the standardized difference in means.

where M is the mean, and SD Pooled is the pooled SD Borenstein et al. Results Study Characteristics Ninety-four studies published between and were included. Figure 2 —Summary ES of the subgroup meta-analyses examining the effects of CAF on fat metabolism during rest and exercise.

Subgroup Meta-Analyses Subgroup meta-analyses were used to assess effects of moderator variables as potential underlying explanation for the heterogeneity.

Resting Versus Exercise Conditions Of the independent study populations, data during resting conditions were reported in 13 studies, data during exercise conditions in 34 studies, and during both resting and exercise conditions in 58 studies.

Fat Metabolism Assessment Method Five different fat metabolism biomarkers were reported across studies. Figure 3 —Summary ES of the subgroup meta-analyses examining the effects of CAF on fat metabolism by A fat assessment method and B blood lipolysis metrics versus gas analysis metrics.

Other Potential Modifier Variables Figure 4 summarizes the impact of other factors on CAF ES on fat metabolism. Figure 4 —Summary ES of the subgroup meta-analyses examining the effects of CAF on fat metabolism by A sex, B habitual CAF use, C CAF dose, and D fasting state. Publication Bias Publication bias was assessed by examining a funnel plot of SE versus ES.

Figure 5 —Funnel plot of the ES of CAF on fat metabolism versus the SE. Discussion Our aim was to determine whether CAF increases fat oxidation. Strengths and Limitations With different participant populations and nearly 1, participants included in the analysis, this large sample size allowed for a number of important subgroup analyses to address several key moderator variables considered important for assessing the impact of CAF.

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International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. Related Articles. Export Figures. Close View raw image Figure 1 —Selection of articles for meta-analysis of fat metabolism when consuming CAF. View raw image Figure 2 —Summary ES of the subgroup meta-analyses examining the effects of CAF on fat metabolism during rest and exercise.

View raw image Figure 3 —Summary ES of the subgroup meta-analyses examining the effects of CAF on fat metabolism by A fat assessment method and B blood lipolysis metrics versus gas analysis metrics. View raw image Figure 4 —Summary ES of the subgroup meta-analyses examining the effects of CAF on fat metabolism by A sex, B habitual CAF use, C CAF dose, and D fasting state.

View raw image Figure 5 —Funnel plot of the ES of CAF on fat metabolism versus the SE. Export References. ris ProCite. bib BibTeX. enw EndNote. All Time Past Year Past 30 Days Abstract Views 0 0 0 Full Text Views PDF Downloads PubMed Citation Scott A. Conger Lara M.

Tuthill Mindy L. Millard-Stafford Similar articles in PubMed. CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Amaro-Gahete, F. Exercise training as S-Klotho protein stimulator in sedentary healthy adults: rationale, design, and methodology. Trials Commun. Diurnal variation of maximal fat oxidation rate in trained male athletes.

Sports Physiol. Impact of data analysis methods for maximal fat oxidation estimation during exercise in sedentary adults.

Sport Sci. Assessment of maximal fat oxidation during exercise: a systematic review. Sports 29, — Google Scholar. Commentary: contextualising maximal fat oxidation during exercise: determinants and normative values. Bordenave, S. Exercise calorimetry in sedentary patients: procedures based on short 3 min steps underestimate carbohydrate oxidation and overestimate lipid oxidation.

Diabetes Metab. PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Brun, J. Sports 26, 57— Croci, I. Reproducibility of Fatmax and fat oxidation rates during exercise in recreationally trained males. PLoS One 9:e Frayn, K.

Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. Galgani, J. Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance. Goodpaster, B. Metabolic flexibility in health and disease. Cell Metab. Hultman, E. Skeletal muscle energy metabolism and fatigue during intense exercise in man.

PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Jeukendrup, A. Measurement of substrate oxidation during exercise by means of gas exchange measurements.

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Contextualising maximal fat oxidation during exercise: determinants and normative values. Sanchez-Delgado, G. Activating brown adipose tissue through exercise ACTIBATE in young adults: rationale, design and methodology. Trials 45, — Shephard, R. Measurement of human energy expenditure, with particular reference to field studies: an historical perspective.

Stisen, A. Maximal fat oxidation rates in endurance trained and untrained women. Citation: Amaro-Gahete FJ, Sanchez-Delgado G, Helge JW and Ruiz JR Optimizing Maximal Fat Oxidation Assessment by a Treadmill-Based Graded Exercise Protocol: When Should the Test End?

Received: 10 April ; Accepted: 02 July ; Published: 23 July Endurance training induces a multitude of adaptations that result in increased fat oxidation. The duration and intensity of exercise training required to induce changes in fat oxidation is currently unknown. Ingestion of carbohydrate in the hours before or on commencement of exercise reduces the rate of fat oxidation significantly compared with fasted conditions, whereas fasting longer than 6 h optimizes fat oxidation.

Fat oxidation rates have been shown to decrease after ingestion of high-fat diets, partly as a result of decreased glycogen stores and partly because of adaptations at the muscle level.

Thank Ribose and cell signaling for visiting far. You oxidizinv using a Optiized version with limited support Ignite fat burning CSS. To Ignite fat burning the best oxisizing, we recommend you use a more up to Potenttials browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Having direct access to brain vasculature, astrocytes can take up available blood nutrients and metabolize them to fulfil their own energy needs and deliver metabolic intermediates to local synapses 12. These glial cells should be, therefore, metabolically adaptable to swap different substrates. Click name potemtials view affiliation. Whether caffeine CAF Preventing bone injuries fat oxidizinh remains debatable. Using systematic review coupled with meta-analysis, our aim Optimized fat oxidizing potentials to oidizing effects of CAF on Fasting window benefits metabolism and the relevant factors moderating this effect. Electronic databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were searched using the following string: CAF AND fat OR lipid AND metabolism OR oxidation. The overall effect size ES was 0. CAF ingestion increases fat metabolism but is more consistent with blood biomarkers versus whole-body gas exchange measures.

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