Nucleotides are important molecules that consist of a nucleoside and a phosphate group. Each nucleotide is made up of three components: a nitrogenous base a pentose five-carbon sugar a phosphate group Each nitrogenous base in a nucleotide is attached to a sugar molecule, which is attached to one or more phosphate groups.

Practice Questions Khan Academy Molecular targets of antiretroviral therapies MCAT Official Prep AAMC Key Terms Nucleotide : the monomer comprising DNA or RNA molecules; consists of a nitrogenous heterocyclic base that can be a purine or pyrimidine, a five-carbon pentose sugar, and a phosphate group Nitrogenous bases : Organic molecules, which are part of the nucleotides in DNA, showing base-like chemical properties.

Pentose sugar: A monosaccharide with a five-carbon ring. Loading Notifications. Your Notifications Live Here. name }} Spark {{ notification.

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Ribose is a pentose sugar with an aldehyde group attached to the end of the chain in an open form. The combination of ribose sugar and nitrogenous base forms ribonucleoside. When attached to a phosphate group, this ribonucleoside gives rise to a ribonucleotide.

It is a regular monosaccharide with one oxygen attached to each carbon atom. Ribose sugar is found in the RNA of living organisms. RNA is responsible for coding and decoding genetic information.

Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Request OTP on Voice Call. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Post My Comment. Biology Biology Difference Between Difference Between Deoxyribose And Ribose.

Frequently Asked Questions — FAQs Q1. What is the structural difference between Ribose and Deoxyribose? The structure of Ribose and Deoxyribose is almost identical, with just one difference.

Ribose sugar has a hydroxyl OH group at position 2, whereas deoxyribose sugar has a hydrogen H atom at position 2. Due to this, deoxyribose sugar is more stable than ribose sugar. Test your Knowledge on Deoxyribose And Ribose! Start Quiz. Your result is as below. Login To View Results.

Adenine and guanine are classified as purines. The primary structure of a purine is two carbon-nitrogen rings. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are classified as pyrimidines which have a single carbon-nitrogen ring as their primary structure Figure 1. Each of these basic carbon-nitrogen rings has different functional groups attached to it.

In molecular biology shorthand, the nitrogenous bases are simply known by their symbols A, T, G, C, and U. DNA contains A, T, G, and C whereas RNA contains A, U, G, and C. The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, and in RNA, the sugar is ribose Figure 1.

The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the second carbon of the ribose and hydrogen on the second carbon of the deoxyribose. The phosphodiester linkage is not formed by simple dehydration reaction like the other linkages connecting monomers in macromolecules: its formation involves the removal of two phosphate groups.

A polynucleotide may have thousands of such phosphodiester linkages. Figure 2. DNA is an antiparallel double helix. The phosphate backbone the curvy lines is on the outside, and the bases are on the inside.

Each base interacts with a base from the opposing strand. DNA has a double-helix structure Figure 2. The sugar and phosphate lie on the outside of the helix, forming the backbone of the DNA. The nitrogenous bases are stacked in the interior, like the steps of a staircase, in pairs; the pairs are bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.

Every base pair in the double helix is separated from the next base pair by 0. This is referred to as antiparallel orientation and is important to DNA replication and in many nucleic acid interactions.

Only certain types of base pairing are allowed. For example, a certain purine can only pair with a certain pyrimidine. This means A can pair with T, and G can pair with C, as shown in Figure 3.

This is known as the base complementary rule. In other words, the DNA strands are complementary to each other. If the sequence of one strand is AATTGGCC, the complementary strand would have the sequence TTAACCGG. During DNA replication, each strand is copied, resulting in a daughter DNA double helix containing one parental DNA strand and a newly synthesized strand.

Figure 3. The phosphate backbone is located on the outside, and the bases are in the middle. Adenine forms hydrogen bonds or base pairs with thymine, and guanine base pairs with cytosine.

A mutation occurs, and cytosine is replaced with adenine. What impact do you think this will have on the DNA structure?