Hypoglycemia support groups -
Seligman HK, Davis TC, Schillinger D, et al. Food insecurity is associated with hypoglycemia and poor diabetes self-management in a low-income sample with diabetes. J Health Care Poor Underserved ;— Davis TM, Brown SG, Jacobs IG, et al. Determinants of severe hypoglycemia complicating type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle diabetes study.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab ;—7. Schopman JE, Geddes J, Frier BM. Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and frequency of hypoglycaemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract ;—8. Cryer PE. Banting lecture.
Hypoglycemia: The limiting factor in the management of IDDM. Daneman D, Frank M, Perlman K, et al. Severe hypoglycemia in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Frequency and predisposing factors. J Pediatr ;—5.
Berlin I, Sachon CI, Grimaldi A. Identification of factors associated with impaired hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab ;— Schultes B, Jauch-Chara K, Gais S, et al.
Defective awakening response to nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PLoS Med ;4:e Porter PA, Byrne G, Stick S, et al.
Nocturnal hypoglycaemia and sleep disturbances in young teenagers with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Dis Child ;—3. Gale EA, Tattersall RB. Unrecognised nocturnal hypoglycaemia in insulintreated diabetics. Lancet ;— Beregszàszi M, Tubiana-Rufi N, Benali K, et al.
Nocturnal hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors. Vervoort G, Goldschmidt HM, van Doorn LG. Diabet Med ;—9. Ovalle F, Fanelli CG, Paramore DS, et al. Brief twice-weekly episodes of hypoglycemia reduce detection of clinical hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes ;—9. Fanelli CG, Epifano L, Rambotti AM, et al. Meticulous prevention of hypoglycemia normalizes the glycemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of, and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in intensively treated patients with short-term IDDM.
Dagogo-Jack S, Rattarasarn C, Cryer PE. Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM. Fanelli C, Pampanelli S, Epifano L, et al. Long-term recovery from unawareness, deficient counterregulation and lack of cognitive dysfunction during hypoglycaemia, following institution of rational, intensive insulin therapy in IDDM.
Dagogo-Jack S, Fanelli CG, Cryer PE. Durable reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care ;—7.
Davis M, Mellman M, Friedman S, et al. Recovery of epinephrine response but not hypoglycemic symptomthreshold after intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes. Am J Med ;— Liu D, McManus RM, Ryan EA. Improved counter-regulatory hormonal and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after 3 months of less strict glycemic control.
Clin Invest Med ;— Lingenfelser T, Buettner U, Martin J, et al. Improvement of impaired counterregulatory hormone response and symptom perception by short-term avoidance of hypoglycemia in IDDM. Kinsley BT,Weinger K, Bajaj M, et al. Blood glucose awareness training and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia during intensive treatment in type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Care ;—8. Schachinger H, Hegar K, Hermanns N, et al. Randomized controlled clinical trial of Blood Glucose Awareness Training BGAT III in Switzerland and Germany. J Behav Med ;— Yeoh E, Choudhary P, Nwokolo M, et al.
Interventions that restore awareness of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and metaanalysis. van Dellen D, Worthington J, Mitu-Pretorian OM, et al. Mortality in diabetes: Pancreas transplantation is associated with significant survival benefit.
Nephrol Dial Transplant ;— Ly TT, Nicholas JA, Retterath A, et al. Effect of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy and automated insulin suspension vs standard insulin pump therapy on hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial.
JAMA ;—7. Little SA, Leelarathna L,Walkinshaw E, et al. Recovery of hypoglycemia awareness in long-standing type 1 diabetes: A multicenter 2 x 2 factorial randomized controlled trial comparing insulin pump with multiple daily injections and continuous with conventional glucose self-monitoring HypoCOMPaSS.
Bergenstal RM, Klonoff DC, Garg SK, et al. Threshold-based insulin-pump interruption for reduction of hypoglycemia. N Engl J Med ;— van Beers CAJ, DeVries JH, Kleijer SJ, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring for patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia IN CONTROL : A randomised, open-label, crossover trial.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol ;— Hering BJ, Clarke WR, Bridges ND, et al. Phase 3 trial of transplantation of human islets in type 1 diabetes complicated by severe hypoglycemia.
Rickels MR. Recovery of endocrine function after islet and pancreas transplantation. Curr Diab Rep ;— Moassesfar S, Masharani U, Frassetto LA, et al. A comparative analysis of the safety, efficacy, and cost of islet versus pancreas transplantation in nonuremic patients with type 1 diabetes.
Am J Transplant ;— Kendall DM, Rooney DP, Smets YF, et al. Pancreas transplantation restores epinephrine response and symptom recognition during hypoglycemia in patients with long-standing type I diabetes and autonomic neuropathy.
Paty BW, Lanz K, Kendall DM, et al. Restored hypoglycemic counterregulation is stable in successful pancreas transplant recipients for up to 19 years after transplantation. Transplantation ;—7. Barrou Z, Seaquist ER, Robertson RP. Pancreas transplantation in diabetic humans normalizes hepatic glucose production during hypoglycemia.
Diabetes ;—6. Davis SN, Mann S, Briscoe VJ, et al. Effects of intensive therapy and antecedent hypoglycemia on counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Research in Children Network DirecNet Study Group, Tsalikian E, Tamborlane W, et al. Blunted counterregulatory hormone responses to hypoglycemia in young children and adolescents with well-controlled type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes Care ;—9. Bruce DG, DavisWA, Casey GP, et al. Severe hypoglycaemia and cognitive impairment in older patients with diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Zhang Z, Lovato J, Battapady H, et al.
Effects of intensive diabetes therapy on neuropsychological function in adults in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Ann Intern Med ;— Reichard P, Pihl M.
Mortality and treatment side-effects during long-term intensified conventional insulin treatment in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study.
Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function. Brands AM, Biessels GJ, de Haan EH, et al. The effects of type 1 diabetes on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Hayward RA, Reaven PD, Wiitala WL, et al.
Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death.
Bonds DE, Miller ME, Bergenstal RM, et al. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. Wright RJ, Newby DE, Stirling D, et al. Effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia on indices of inflammation: Putative mechanism for aggravating vascular disease in diabetes.
Gogitidze Joy N, Hedrington MS, Briscoe VJ, et al. Effects of acute hypoglycemia on inflammatory and pro-atherothrombotic biomarkers in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals.
RKoivikko ML, Karsikas M, Salmela PI, et al. Effects of controlled hypoglycaemia on cardiac repolarisation in patients with type 1 diabetes. RKubiak T, Wittig A, Koll C, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring reveals associations of glucose levels with QT interval length.
Diabetes Technol Ther ;—6. RWright RJ, Frier BM. Vascular disease and diabetes: Is hypoglycaemia an aggravating factor? Diabetes Metab Res Rev ;— RFrier BM, Schernthaner G, Heller SR.
Hypoglycemia and cardiovascular risks. Diabetes Care ;34 Suppl. RStahn A, Pistrosch F, Ganz X, et al. Relationship between hypoglycemic episodes and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: Silent hypoglycemias and silent arrhythmias.
RSkyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: Implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association.
RSlama G, Traynard PY, Desplanque N, et al. The search for an optimized treatment of hypoglycemia. carbohydrates in tablets, solutin, or gel for the correction of insulin reactions. Arch Intern Med ;— RWiethop BV, Cryer PE. Alanine and terbutaline in treatment of hypoglycemia in IDDM.
RBrodows RG, Williams C, Amatruda JM. Treatment of insulin reactions in diabetics. JAMA ;— RSkyler JS Ed. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, Canadian Diabetes Association.
The role of dietary sugars in diabetes mellitus. Beta Release ;— Gunning RR, Garber AJ. Bioactivity of instant glucose. Failure of absorption through oral mucosa.
Glucobay® acarbose [product monograph]. Toronto: Bayer Inc, Cryer PE, Fisher JN, Shamoon H. Glucagon [product monograph]. Toronto: Eli Lilly Canada, Inc, GlucaGen® glucagon [product monograph]. Bagsvaerd: Novo Nordisk, Cox DJ, Kovatchev B, Koev D, et al. Hypoglycemia anticipation, awareness and treatment training HAATT reduces occurrence of severe hypoglycemia among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Int J Behav Med ;— Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med ;6:e Trembling Palpitations Sweating Anxiety Hunger Nausea Tingling.
Difficulty concentrating Confusion, weakness, drowsiness, vision changes Difficulty speaking, headache, dizziness. Mild: Autonomic symptoms are present. The individual is able to self-treat. Moderate : Autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms are present.
Web-based resources have been shown to be well received by people affected by other chronic conditions 23 and, if developed, might also be easier to access than support groups. They could also use these appointments to help ensure that caregivers are offered education and information about applying hypoglycemia management.
Health professionals could also consider extending similar kinds of support to family members of people with type 2 diabetes using insulin or sulfonylureas, as these individuals are also vulnerable to HU and associated problems 25 — This study has indentified a caregiver group who would clearly benefit from greater support, and to achieve this, raising awareness among health professionals is an essential first step.
However, because the study was necessarily small-scale and the family members who took part were those of people with documented recalcitrant problematic hypoglycemia, the potential generalizability of the findings may be limited.
Hence, further research, including a large-scale, quantitative study, could be conducted to better establish the full nature and extent of the problems identified in the current study. Such a study could quantify the levels of anxiety, stress, depression, and caregiver burden experienced by family members of people with HU, possibly drawing on the earlier work of Gonder-Frederick et al.
with spousal caregivers The authors are grateful for the family members who took part in this study; Dr. Celia Emery, University of Sheffield, for study management support; and Professor Jane Speight, Deakin University, for very helpful comments on a draft of the manuscript.
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research NIHR under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Scheme RP-PG The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health.
Duality of Interest. advisory board and payment for lectures from Medtronic, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, and LifeScan. has received consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Abbot Inc. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
Author Contributions. contributed to the study design, analyzed data, and drafted and revised the manuscript. contributed to the study design, collected and analyzed data, made critical revisions to the paper, and approved the final version.
contributed to the study design, helped with the development of the interview topic guides, were involved in making critical revisions to the manuscript, and approved the final version. is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
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Skip Nav Destination Close navigation menu Article navigation. Volume 37, Issue 1. Previous Article Next Article. Research Design and Methods. Article Navigation. Experiences, Views, and Support Needs of Family Members of People With Hypoglycemia Unawareness: Interview Study Julia Lawton ; Julia Lawton.
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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of 24 adult family members. View large. View Large. Hypoglycemia: still the limiting factor in the glycemic management of diabetes. Search ADS. Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. Differential changes in brain glucose metabolism during hypoglycaemia accompany loss of hypoglycaemia awareness in men with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
An [11C]O-methyl-D-glucose PET study. Attenuation of amydgala and frontal cortical responses to low blood glucose concentration in asymptomatic hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: a new player in hypoglycemia unawareness?
Hypoglycemia unawareness is associated with reduced adherence to therapeutic decisions in patients with type 1 diabetes: evidence from a clinical audit. Patient experience of hypoglycaemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes: are patients appropriately concerned?
The marital relationship and psychosocial adaptation and glycemic control of individuals with diabetes. Personal and relationship challenges of adults with type 1 diabetes: a qualitative focus group study. The psychosocial impact of severe hypoglycemic episodes on spouses of patients with IDDM.
A psychological intervention for tackling intractable hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: the pilot study Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating Hypoglycaemia Awareness Restoration Trial DAFNE-HART.
A critical review of the literature on fear of hypoglycemia in diabetes: Implications for diabetes management and patient education.
Self-treating hypoglycaemia: a longitudinal qualitative investigation of the experiences and views of people with type 1 diabetes. Improved biomedical and psychological outcomes 1 year after structured education in flexible insulin therapy for people with type 1 diabetes: the U. DAFNE experience. Newman MA, Ziebland S, Barker KL.
Health Informatics J ;— Severe hypoglycaemia in drug-treated diabetic patients needs attention: a population-based study. Prospective and retrospective recording of severe hypoglycaemia, and assessment of hypoglycaemia awareness in insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes.
Experience of hypoglycaemia and strategies used for its management by community-dwelling adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.
Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemiia that your blood Hydration for hydration needs Hypoglycemia support groups grouups and your body spuport your brain is not getting enough fuel. If you have diabetes, your Hypoglycemia support groups sugar can go too low if you take too much of some diabetes medicines. It can also go too low if you miss a meal. And it can happen if you exercise too hard without eating enough food. Some medicines used to treat other health problems can cause low blood sugar too.Video
LOW blood SUGAR in Diabetics (hypoglycemia). Everything you NEED to know! Here in my home office in South Florida, e-mails arrive on Hgpoglycemia daily basis from around Speed and agility training world. I correspond Sipport parents, teachers, students, patients and even doctors from as Hypovlycemia away as YHpoglycemia, India, Africa, Pakistan Skin firmness and resilience even the Kingdom Speed and agility training Bahrain. These people have one Speed and agility training in common — supplrt all suffer from hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar — and they have nowhere to turn. They are often desperate. orgour public Facebook page and our private Hypoglycemia Support GroupI share my personal experiences and years of research surrounding this confusing, complicated and too often misdiagnosed condition. My goal is to learn and teach every single thing about controlling hypoglycemia before it advances to more severe and debilitating metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes. Because for ten years I lived through the devastating effects of hypoglycemia during which time I faced dozens of doctors, countless tests, thousands of pills and even the administration of electric shock therapy.
Hypoglycemia support groups -
If you have had diabetes for many years, you may not realize that your blood sugar is low until it drops very low. If you had a low blood sugar level during the night, you may wake up tired or with a headache.
Or you may sweat so much during the night that your pyjamas or sheets are damp when you wake up. You can treat low blood sugar by eating or drinking something that has 15 grams of carbohydrate.
These should be quick-sugar foods. Check your blood sugar level again 15 minutes after having a quick-sugar food to make sure your level is getting back to your target range. Children usually need less than 15 grams of carbohydrate.
Check with your doctor or diabetes educator for the amount that is right for your child. Here are examples of quick-sugar foods that have 15 grams of carbohydrate:.
If you have problems with severe low blood sugar, or are unable to swallow, someone else may have to give you a shot of glucagon. This is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels quickly. You can take steps to prevent low blood sugar. Since low blood sugar levels can quickly become an emergency, be sure to wear medical alert jewellery, such as a medical alert bracelet.
This is to let people know you have diabetes so they can get help for you. And make sure your family, friends, and co-workers know the symptoms of low blood sugar.
Teach them what to do to get your sugar level up. Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line in most provinces and territories if you are having problems. It's also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.
Enter T in the search box to learn more about "Learning About Low Blood Sugar Hypoglycemia in Diabetes". Adaptation Reviewed By: Alberta Health Services.
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I correspond with parents, teachers, students, patients and even doctors from as far away as China, India, Africa, Pakistan and even the Kingdom of Bahrain.
These people have one thing in common — they all suffer from hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar — and they have nowhere to turn. They are often desperate. org , our public Facebook page and our private Hypoglycemia Support Group , I share my personal experiences and years of research surrounding this confusing, complicated and too often misdiagnosed condition.
My goal is to learn and teach every single thing about controlling hypoglycemia before it advances to more severe and debilitating metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes. Because for ten years I lived through the devastating effects of hypoglycemia during which time I faced dozens of doctors, countless tests, thousands of pills and even the administration of electric shock therapy.
But no matter what avenue of treatment I tried, nothing worked, I was still sick. Finally, I found a physician who explained I had a severe case of functional hypoglycemia low blood sugar and all I needed was a change in diet.
A simple glucose tolerance test and a proper diagnosis finally lead me on the road to recovery. Read the whole story here. Sadly, what happened to me four decades ago is still happening today.
I receive almost emails a month requesting information, support, hope and encouragement on how to deal with hypoglycemia on a daily basis. In all my years of educating and advocating for people with hypoglycemia, they in turn, have educated and healed me. They have told me what they need and want, and above all what they were not getting.
I have learned so much about their pitfalls, anxieties and fears. I constantly emphasize that education and preparation are crucial to controlling hypoglycemia symptoms. Many seek answers on social media. Too much is at stake here… our long-term health and well-being.
A whole new paradigm is emerging outside of mainstream medicine. Our website also contains a list of medical advisors; organizations and foundations that have referral listings…this should not be overlooked.
Healing of any kind takes time…it involves education, commitment and then loving oneself enough to take the final step: application. The question remains…are you ready for the journey? However, it is my dream to bring hypoglycemia to the forefront of medicine where it belongs.
Hypoglycemia is real…it is not a fad disease. Hopefully, someday soon, science and medicine will catch up with what millions have known for decades.
Read about the intriguing history of hypoglycemia here. Patients are beginning to realize that the medications they are on are not working or causing reactions that are more harmful than the disorder itself.
Consequently, they are seeking other alternatives. However, patients must be cautious and informed before making any decision that affects their health, particularly choosing a health professional that will guide them on the road to wellness.
The HSF has been very fortunate to work with a group of dedicated doctors that are brave enough to blend orthodox medicine with new and innovative treatments…real trail blazers in medicine.
Our talented advisors include: Anne Childers, MD psychiatrist connecting metabolic and mental health , Julia Ross, MA author of three books on the food mood connection , Joan Ifland, PhD leading expert on processed food addiction , Robert Lustig, MD world renown pediatric neuroendocrinologist , Keith Berkowitz, MD leading expert on reactive hypoglycemia and metabolic disease , Aseem Malhotra, MD UK Cardiologist who advocates low carb diets and more.
These amazing experts bring diverse perspectives on nutrition to the HSF that shatter the old and misleading paradigms of nutrition which have led us into the pandemic of metabolic disease that is consuming the planet and our health.
Rarely is a child born with depression, mood swings, irritability, poor concentration, erratic behavior or suicidal thoughts. There is no doubt that we are profoundly affected by what we eat…the food that we consume affects every aspect of our lives, and our children are suffering the most.
More critical is that some infants are already being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. and D. undertook data analysis.
first examined the data independently and wrote separate reports before meeting to compare interpretations and reach agreement on key findings. Once agreement had been achieved, a coding framework was developed to capture key themes, and each coded theme was subjected to further analysis to identify subthemes and illustrative quotes.
Of 30 family members approached, 24 opted into the study, and all were interviewed. The final sample comprised 18 partners, 3 parents, and 3 adult children.
Demographic characteristics of the sample are presented in Table 1. As a consequence, most family members had curtailed their own activities and lifestyles. As family members also observed, pressures to curtail activities could also come from the person with HU, due to them feeling vulnerable and scared when left unsupervised.
Concern about the safety of the person with HU was an additional reason presented by family members for restricting and changing their own lifestyles. Hence, to help address their worries and concerns, family members described using systems such as frequent texting or making regular phone calls when the person with HU was left or went out alone e.
Hence, even when they were physically remote from the person with HU, family members reported little respite from their supervisory roles and responsibilities.
Family members also talked at length about the physical and emotional difficulties they could encounter when they attempted to help the person with hypoglycemia treatment, due to cognitive changes arising from low blood glucose levels.
This included a woman in her 70s who described her sense of physical and emotional vulnerability when her otherwise kind and gentle husband experienced mood and behavioral changes after his blood glucose levels started to go low:.
As well as worrying about safety issues, family members also described the upset and distress that could result from witnessing the audio and visual changes that could accompany severe hypoglycemia.
Family members described periods of extreme exhaustion, particularly when they had to deal with regular occurrences of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Similarly, R17, whose adult daughter still lived at home, described always keeping her bedroom door open and making regular nighttime checks to reassure herself that her daughter was safe and alive owing to her constant worry that she could wake up one morning and find her dead in bed.
While, in general, the person with HU was not seen to be to blame for their condition and its effects, patients were sometimes accused of being selfish for maintaining tight blood glucose control and thereby putting their own long-term health in front of the more immediate safety and well-being of others, such as their children.
Family members, however, could also struggle to come to terms with feeling angry and resentful, since, as they explicitly recognized, the person with HU experienced an impaired cognitive state when they had hypoglycemia and, hence, could not be held responsible for their actions.
For this reason, R15 likened her situation to being with:. Alongside educational deficits, family members described having felt emotionally ill prepared for the behavioral and personality changes that could accompany hypoglycemia.
This was not only to receive instruction and advice from health professionals but also because they were worried that, due to poor recollection, the person with HU might be underreporting episodes of severe hypoglycemia.
Indeed, several looked to the interviewer for reassurance that they were not alone in experiencing negative feelings.
All family members who described needing support also emphasized the need for a dedicated forum for themselves to allow them to share negative feelings and experiences. While the impact of hypoglycemia on the diabetes management and quality of life of people with type 1 diabetes is well documented 16 — 20 , much less is known about its effects on families.
As highlighted in this study, the impact of hypoglycemia unawareness and resulting hypoglycemia can extend well beyond the person with HU, with all family members describing how they had had to restrict their own lives to help with detection and treatment.
All family members also reported feeling anxious and worried, with these concerns having often been precipitated by distressing events, such as finding the person with HU unconscious on the floor, or having been exposed to argumentative, aggressive, and sometimes very physically threatening behavior.
Behavioral and personality changes were also described as making treatment administration very stressful and difficult. Some family members described outwardly resenting the impact that HU had had on their own lives, health, and well-being and on the dynamics of their relationship with the person with HU.
While family members highlighted extensive unmet needs for information and emotional support, some struggled to recognize or accept their own need for, or right to, help.
Given the issues raised in this study, it is clear that clinical effort should continue to be directed toward diagnosing HU and offering effective interventions to help patients restore awareness of hypoglycemia Arguably, future interventions should also include family members, as others have also recommended 10 , since family can play an instrumental role in helping with hypoglycemia detection and treatment.
While interventions to restore awareness of hypoglycemia would help reduce the burden and stress that family members experience, family caregivers would also benefit from tailored support to help address their unmet emotional, practical, or informational needs.
The development of online resources, coordinated and facilitated by knowledgeable and trained personnel, could also be considered. These could enable family members to share tips and experiences e.
Web-based resources have been shown to be well received by people affected by other chronic conditions 23 and, if developed, might also be easier to access than support groups.
They could also use these appointments to help ensure that caregivers are offered education and information about applying hypoglycemia management. Health professionals could also consider extending similar kinds of support to family members of people with type 2 diabetes using insulin or sulfonylureas, as these individuals are also vulnerable to HU and associated problems 25 — This study has indentified a caregiver group who would clearly benefit from greater support, and to achieve this, raising awareness among health professionals is an essential first step.
However, because the study was necessarily small-scale and the family members who took part were those of people with documented recalcitrant problematic hypoglycemia, the potential generalizability of the findings may be limited.
Hence, further research, including a large-scale, quantitative study, could be conducted to better establish the full nature and extent of the problems identified in the current study. Such a study could quantify the levels of anxiety, stress, depression, and caregiver burden experienced by family members of people with HU, possibly drawing on the earlier work of Gonder-Frederick et al.
with spousal caregivers The authors are grateful for the family members who took part in this study; Dr. Celia Emery, University of Sheffield, for study management support; and Professor Jane Speight, Deakin University, for very helpful comments on a draft of the manuscript.
This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research NIHR under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Scheme RP-PG The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health.
Duality of Interest. advisory board and payment for lectures from Medtronic, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, and LifeScan. has received consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Abbot Inc. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. Author Contributions. contributed to the study design, analyzed data, and drafted and revised the manuscript.
Groupw hypoglycemia is Hhpoglycemia major obstacle Body composition goals individuals trying grpups achieve glycemic suppot. Hypoglycemia can Speed and agility training severe and result in confusion, coma or seizure, requiring the assistance of other individuals. Significant risk of hypoglycemia often necessitates less stringent glycemic goals. Frequency and severity of hypoglycemia negatively impact on quality of life 1 and promote fear of future hypoglycemia 2,3. This fear is associated with reduced self-care and poor glucose control 4—6.
Hier wirst du nichts zu machen.
es hat die Analoga nicht?
Es ist schade, dass ich mich jetzt nicht aussprechen kann - ist erzwungen, wegzugehen. Ich werde befreit werden - unbedingt werde ich die Meinung aussprechen.