Select Format Select format. Antioxidants are able Vitamin absorption process neutralize provess such as free radicals by giving up some of their own electrons. Article CAS Google Scholar Meydani, M.

Vitamin absorption process -

These dual-origin vitamins include biotin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, riboflavin and thiamin. Ascorbic acid can be synthesized by many animals, but not by primates or guinea pigs, in which it is a true vitamin and must be obtained from dietary sources.

Niacin is also a bit different - it can be synthesized within the body from tryptophan but is also absorbed in the intestine from dietary sources. Water soluble vitamins of dietary origin are absorbed predominantly in the small intestine, whereas those synthesized by microbes in the large intestine are absorbed there.

For most of these vitamins, specific carrier-mediated transport systems have been identified that allow uptake from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte and for export from the basolateral surface of the enterocyte.

Some of these transporters are sodium-dependent, while others are not. The fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K are absorbed from the intestinal lumen using the same mechanisms used for absorption of other lipids.

In short, they are incorporated into mixed micelles with other lipids and bile acids in the lumen of the small intestine and enter the enterocyte largely by diffusion. Deficiencies in minerals also can have disastrous side effects.

You may be familiar with anemia associated with low levels of iron. If your iron levels are low, you may experience extreme bouts of fatigue and shortness of breath due to low oxygen distribution. Long term, it can develop into rapid or irregular heartbeats and place considerable strain on your heart to compensate for the lack of oxygen in your tissues.

Each micronutrient has a role and a part to play inside your body. Conversely, each deficiency is closely associated with a serious disease or condition.

Thus — getting enough essential micronutrients in your diet is the ultimate necessity to high-functioning, optimal health. In Western civilization, having access to nutrient-dense foods is rarely a concern.

And fortunately, modern society has also taken note of history and added extra nutrients to many foods commonly found in the marketplace. Consider enriched grains and flour — most of the cereals, bread, and other processed grains you may eat have been fortified with various B vitamins and other minerals to promote a more stable nutritional diet.

Depending on the current state of your body, your digestive system may not be properly prepared for its role in the absorption process. In order to properly take in nutrients, your system must be primed and ready to go. This requires a couple of factors, such as a healthy intestinal lining and a balanced gut microbiome.

But it also depends on how and where your micronutrients are absorbed — which brings us to the next thing: where are nutrients absorbed? And how can I support or improve nutrient absorption?

The first role of your digestive system is to take the foods you consume and begin breaking them down into smaller, more usable components. As your teeth grind up the food into smaller bits, your salivary glands begin secreting enzymes with the sole purpose of breaking down carbohydrates. Simultaneously, your oral microbiome gets to work, using various bacteria in your mouth to further break down nutrients that can aid in regulating blood pressure and protecting against pathogens.

Once swallowed, this compacted food enters the esophagus and travels to the stomach, where it is exposed to a highly acidic solution that further degrades carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. As your stomach degrades the major macronutrients in your diet, it mixes it all together with the natural rhythms of its peristaltic motion.

Then, the digested food is released into the small intestine where even more digestive enzymes are secreted by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas 4 as it prepares for its role in nutrient absorption. The small intestine is made up of three different sections: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.

The majority of the nutrient absorption process occurs in these sections of the small intestine before finally passing the remaining components of your food into the large intestine for final touches. Your small intestine absorbs the broken-down components of your food now in the form of simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids — not-to-mention the micronutrients in your diet.

Most of the vitamins and minerals you consume are also absorbed in the small intestine, but each one requires its own unique mechanism to cross the intestinal cell lining. Understanding the differences between types of micronutrients is one way you can personally improve your absorption process.

For example, there are two categories of vitamins: water-soluble all the various Bs and C and fat-soluble like A, D, E, and K. Water-soluble vitamins require water for transport.

Conversely, fat-soluble vitamins — you may have guessed — require fat to aid in their absorption. One of the best ways to help improve their transport is to consume healthy fats with fat-soluble vitamin rich foods to ensure your body can properly absorb them.

These nutrient transporters make sure the appropriate particles pass into the cell. The more specialized the function, the more protective.

This complex and particular process of absorption ensures that only exactly the right components enter the bloodstream: nothing more, nothing less. As the digested food passes through the small intestine and undergoes the absorption process, it finally transitions into the large intestine where it faces the final stretch before excretion.

Historically, scientists have considered the role of the large intestine to be fairly straightforward in digestion. As the remaining components of food material enter the large intestine, it primarily functions to remove any excess water and salts to prepare for excretion.

As this material enters it, the majority of nutrients have already been digested and absorbed. What remains is typically reduced to harder to digest remnants, such as non-digestible fibers and whatnot.

Now we know this area is rich in other key functions. With our broader understanding of the gut microbiome, we understand that the majority of gut bacteria colonize this region — taking in what our body cannot digest and breaking it down to their — and often our — benefit.

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