Metabolic syndrome definition -
Top of the page. Conditions Basics What is metabolic syndrome? What causes it? What puts you at risk? The things that make you more likely to develop metabolic syndrome include: Insulin resistance.
This means that your body cannot use insulin properly. Abdominal obesity. This means having too much fat around your waist. Your chances of developing metabolic syndrome increase as you get older. Lack of exercise. If you do not exercise, you are more likely to be obese and develop metabolic syndrome.
Hormone imbalance. Family history of type 2 diabetes. Having parents or close relatives with diabetes is associated with metabolic syndrome. Race and ethnicity. How is it diagnosed? You may be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if you have three or more of these risk factors: footnote 1 Abdominal obesity waist measurement.
Men: cm 40 in. or more Women: 88 cm 35 in. or more Your waist measurement may be different. Talk to your doctor about what is right for you. Men: Less than 1. How is metabolic syndrome treated?
The first approaches in treating metabolic syndrome are: Weight control. Physical activity. Assessing risk category for CAD and diabetes. Related Information Coronary Artery Disease Healthy Eating for Children High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol High Triglycerides Obesity Type 2 Diabetes.
It may also be called syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome. Having one of these risk factors does not mean that you have metabolic syndrome.
However, having one will increase your chances of developing cardiovascular disease. Having three or more of these factors will result in a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and will increase your risk of health complications including type 2 diabetes.
Metabolic syndrome is common. In the United States, over 40 percent of people over the age of 50 have this condition. The risk factors for metabolic syndrome are related to obesity. The two most important risk factors are defined by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute as:.
If you have high blood sugar, you may notice symptoms of diabetes, including increased thirst, blurred vision, headaches, and fatigue. If you have one of the five risk factors of metabolic syndrome, talk with a doctor to determine whether you should be tested for the others.
To diagnose metabolic syndrome, a doctor will need to perform several different tests. The results of these tests will be used to look for three or more signs of the disorder. According to best practices , the tests and at-risk levels include:.
You may have metabolic syndrome if three or more of these tests come back with a reading within the above ranges. Having excess weight in your abdominal region can lead to fat accumulating in the liver and muscle cells.
Insulin resistance can develop. This is when your cells stop responding to insulin in the bloodstream. It can lead to higher insulin levels and blood sugar levels. If your blood sugar levels become too high, you can develop type 2 diabetes.
The complications that may result from metabolic syndrome are frequently serious and long-term chronic. They include:. If you are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, the goal of treatment will be to reduce your risk of developing further health complications.
Your doctor may recommend losing around 7 percent of your current weight and getting at least 30 minutes of moderate to intense exercise 5 to 7 days a week. This may help reverse the syndrome. If symptoms are managed, people with metabolic syndrome can reduce their risks of developing serious health problems such as heart attack or stroke.
The condition may be able to be reversed with weight loss or managed with a combination of diet, exercise, and medication. Although symptom management will reduce health complications, most people with this condition have a long-term risk of cardiovascular disease.
If you develop this condition, you may need to be monitored by your doctor to help prevent serious health problems such as heart attack and stroke. Vgontzas AN, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP: Obesity-related sleepiness and fatigue: the role of the stress system and cytokines.
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Department of Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Department of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to George Chrousos. EK and GK carried out the literature search, the analysis of the data and wrote the manuscript.
NP wrote the pediatric metabolic syndrome section of the manuscript. GC reviewed the manuscript critically. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd.
Reprints and permissions. Kassi, E. et al. Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med 9 , 48 Download citation. Received : 06 January Accepted : 05 May Published : 05 May Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Metabolic syndrome MetS is a complex disorder defined by a cluster of interconnected factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2.
Introduction Metabolic syndrome MetS is a complex disorder with high socioeconomic cost that is considered a worldwide epidemic. Currently used criteria to define MetS Historically, Reaven was the first to put forward the concept of 'syndrome X', which he later renamed MetS , hypothesizing that it was a central feature in the development of CHD and DMT2, mainly through target tissue resistance to insulin action [ 1 ].
Epidemiology of MetS according to the various definitions used Clearly, the prevalence of MetS varies and depends on the criteria used in different definitions, as well as the composition sex, age, race and ethnicity of the population studied [ 9 ]. Table 1 Age-adjusted prevalence according to MetS definition within NHANES cohorts.
Full size table. Figure 1. Full size image. Table 2 International Diabetes Federation IDF definition for pediatric metabolic syndrome MetS [ ] Full size table. Conclusions Due to its impact upon health and financial implications, the mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of MetS remain under intense investigation since their understanding may help design novel therapeutic strategies.
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Metabolic syndrome syndroe a clustering of at least three of the Allergies five medical conditions: abdominal obesity Defjnition, high blood Allergieshigh blood sugarCajun sunflower seeds serum AllergiesMetxbolic low serum high-density lipoprotein HDL. Metabolic syndrome Sgndrome associated with Metabbolic risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistancemetabolic syndrome, and prediabetes are closely related to one another and have overlapping aspects. The syndrome is thought to be caused by an underlying disorder of energy utilization and storage, but the cause of the syndrome is an area of ongoing medical research. Researchers debate whether a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome implies differential eefinition or increases risk of cardiovascular disease beyond what is suggested by the sum of its individual components.
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