Garcinia cambogia for inflammation -
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I find a a good number of articles in Obst. Gynae, hence, a new journal for this specialty titled JCDR-OG can be started. May be a bimonthly or quarterly publication to begin with.
Only selected articles should find a place in it. An yearly reward for the best article authored can also incentivize the authors. Though the process of finding the best article will be not be very easy. I do not know how reviewing process can be improved. If an article is being reviewed by two reviewers, then opinion of one can be communicated to the other or the final opinion of the editor can be communicated to the reviewer if requested for.
This will help ones reviewing skills. My best wishes to Dr. Hemant Jain and all the editorial staff of JCDR for their untiring efforts to bring out this journal.
I strongly recommend medical fraternity to publish their valuable research work in this esteemed journal, JCDR". Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey "I wish to thank Dr. Hemant Jain, Editor-in-Chief Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research JCDR , for asking me to write up few words.
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium i e; into the words and sentences on paper. Quality medical manuscript writing in particular, demands not only a high-quality research, but also requires accurate and concise communication of findings and conclusions, with adherence to particular journal guidelines.
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I also feel that many of us have work of substance, newer ideas, adequate clinical materials but poor in medical writing and hesitation to submit the work and need help. JCDR provides authors help in this regards.
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Every one of us: authors, reviewers, editors, and publisher are responsible for enhancing the stature of the journal. I wish for a great success for JCDR.
Rajendra Kumar Ghritlaharey, M. The fruit of the plant has a yellow or red color and resembles a pumpkin. Although the fruits can be eaten, they are usually not consumed raw because their taste is very acid [ 1 ]. The peel of the fruit is commonly used in Asia to preserve food and enhance its flavor.
Traditionally, it was used as a remedy for constipation , rheumatism, and menstrual pain [ 1 ]. Extracts from Garcinia cambogia and compounds from the fruit are best known for potentially lowering body weight, reducing appetite, and preventing obesity [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].
However, Garcinia cambogia supplements have a variety of other potential benefits, including:. Both the fruit and the bark contain [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]:. The Garcinia cambogia fruits also contain many amino acids such as arginine , asparagine, glutamine , threonine, glycine , proline, γ-aminobutyric acid, leucine , isoleucine, ornithine, and lysine [ 32 ].
Its hydroxycitric acid may enhance exercise performance by increasing fat breakdown and decreasing carbohydrates breakdown. This spares glycogen to be used for exercise [ 54 , 55 ]. In a clinical trial on 99 obese men, Garcinia cambogia together with a weight-loss drug orlistat , lowered BMI, belly fat, overall fat under the skin, and waist circumference in 3 months [ 56 ].
In two week studies on over overweight and obese people, Garcinia cambogia reduced weight by about 3. After 16 weeks, Garcinia cambogia extract decreased total fat, belly fat, and fat under the skin in a clinical trial on 39 overweight people [ 59 ].
In an 8-week study on 40 obese adults, Garcinia cambogia reduced belly and under-the-skin fat better than the placebo [ 61 ]. Garcinia cambogia extract reduced body weight by 4. Hydroxycitric acid decreased body weight in a study of 21 obese adults after 2 weeks [ 63 ].
In obese rats, Garcinia cambogia blocked fat build-up and reduced body weight [ 64 , 14 , 65 ]. In chicken cells, both Garcinia cambogia extract and hydroxycitric acid increased fat breakdown, leading to fat loss [ 46 ].
However, not all clinical trials with Garcinia cambogia or hydroxycitric acid found it effective at reducing weight. In a week study, Garcinia cambogia did not decrease the bodyweight of 86 overweight adults [ 66 ]. Similarly, hydroxycitric acid did not decrease body weight or fat more than the placebo in a week trial of overweight adults.
This compound had no effect on fat or carbohydrate breakdown in 10 cyclists [ 4 , 67 ]. Although the results are mixed, the evidence overall suggests that Garcinia cambogia may help lose weight. You may discuss with your doctor if it may be recommended in your case.
However, other strategies such as doing more exercise and improving your diet may be more effective. Importantly, never implement lifestyle changes aimed at losing weight without first consulting your doctor. In a 3-month study on 99 obese men, Garcinia cambogia together with a weight-loss drug orlistat , reduced total cholesterol levels and increased HDL -cholesterol levels [ 56 ].
In an 8-week study on 82 obese adults, hydroxycitric acid the main component of Garcinia cambogia decreased LDL -cholesterol levels by In 60 moderately obese adults hydroxycitric acid with or without Gymnema sylvestre extracts reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels during an 8-week study [ 5 ].
In an 8-week study on 35 healthy adults, Garcinia cambogia decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels better than the placebo [ 68 ].
However, in 86 overweight adults undergoing a week study, Garcinia cambogia did not impact the blood fat levels [ 69 ]. In rats, Garcinia cambogia decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol blood levels [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 14 ].
Again, some contradictory results exist but the evidence overall suggests that Garcinia cambogia may help lower blood fat levels. You may discuss with your doctor how to take it for this purpose. Never take Garcinia cambogia in place of what your doctor recommends or prescribes.
In a 6-week study on 24 overweight adults, hydroxycitric acid, the main component of Garcinia cambogia , reduced food consumption while maintaining the feeling of satiety [ 74 ]. After 8 weeks, hydroxycitric acid decreased food consumption in another study of 60 moderately obese adults [ 5 ].
However, in a week study of 89 mildly overweight adults, Garcinia cambogia decreased bodyweight but did not affect appetite [ 57 ]. In various other studies, after 2 weeks of hydroxycitric acid consumption, 42 obese or overweight adults lost weight but their appetite and energy were unchanged [ 63 , 75 , 76 ].
Garcinia cambogia extracts reduced food consumption and appetite in rats within an hour [ 77 ]. At normal doses, hydroxycitric acid lowered appetite and food intake in obese rats [ 37 , 78 , 14 , 54 ].
Because there are only a few clinical trials on small populations and with mixed results, there is insufficient evidence to claim for certain that Garcinia cambogia suppresses appetite. Larger, more robust clinical trials are needed to shed some light on this potential effect.
Hydroxycitric acid had no effects in 8 patients with type 2 diabetes, but did lower blood sugar levels in 12 healthy adults [ 11 ]. In mice, Garcinia cambogia reduced the levels of leptin and insulin , improving blood sugar glucose breakdown [ 13 ]. In rats, hydroxycitric acid decreased sugar uptake in the gut, lowering blood sugar levels after a meal.
It also reduced fasting levels of insulin and blood sugar, preventing insulin resistance [ 79 , 14 ]. In human muscle cells, hydroxycitric acid increased the rate of blood sugar storage and enhanced insulin sensitivity [ 80 ].
A small clinical trial and some animal and cell-based research cannot be considered sufficient evidence to support this potential health benefit. Further clinical research is required. In a 5-day experiment of 6 male athletes, hydroxycitric acid increased fat burning while decreasing carbohydrate breakdown.
This may help boost endurance performance while sparing sugar reserves [ 55 ]. A 5-day treatment with Garcinia cambogia increased fat breakdown and enhanced exercise performance in 6 untrained women [ 81 ].
Only 2 small trials have evaluated the effects of Garcinia cambogia on exercise performance. More clinical trials on larger populations are needed to confirm their preliminary results. No clinical evidence supports the use of Garcinia cambogia for any of the conditions listed in this section.
Below is a summary of the existing animal and cell-based research, which should guide further investigational efforts. However, the studies should not be interpreted as supportive of any health benefit. Hydroxycitric acid reduced inflammatory compounds cytokines CPR, TNF-α in obese rats [ 14 ].
In rats with gut inflammation colitis , Garcinia cambogia extracts reduced inflammation by blocking the production of inflammatory enzymes and molecules myeloperoxidase MPO , cyclooxygenase COX -2 , inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS [ 15 ]. In mice with multiple sclerosis , hydroxycitric acid decreased nerve damage and lowered inflammation.
It decreased the levels of inflammatory compounds cytokines IL-6 , TNF-α , nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde , and increased those of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase , glutathione reductase [ 52 ]. In obese rats, Garcinia cambogia extracts decreased free radicals.
This protected the kidneys, brain, and liver, measured as reduced levels of oxidative stress markers [ 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In rats, Garcinia cambogia decreased the amount and acidity of the stomach fluid and helped to prevent damage to the stomach.
Garcinia cambogia fruit extracts blocked the growth of the following bacteria [ 24 , 25 ]:. Further research is needed to determine if Garcinia cambogia may help with the infections caused by these microorganisms.
In rats, Garcinia cambogia, together with a high-cholesterol diet, increased the levels of phosphorus , iron , zinc , and copper [ 82 ]. In rats, extracts of Garcinia cambogia leaves increased flushing of excess fluids, acting as a diuretic.
In fact, this may contribute to its weight-loss effect, as herbs that are used for weight loss usually act as mild diuretics as well [ 83 ]. In mice, bioflavonoids from Garcinia cambogia killed the malaria-causing Plasmodium parasite, reduced infection rate, and increased mice survival [ 84, 85 ].
Although there is a sufficient number of studies about the effects of Garcinia cambogia on weight loss and appetite reduction, the results are mixed. In most cases, the number of participants was limited or the sample very specific obese or overweight.
With regard to the other benefits, studies are limited and most of them are on animals or cells.
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