Caffeine and concentration -
The researchers recruited 83 people who drank at least one cup of coffee a day to undergo MRI scans so they could observe the participants' brain activity. Of that total, 47 people were scanned before drinking their morning cup of coffee, then again 30 minutes after they had a cup. The 36 others were simply given caffeine diluted in hot water — no coffee — and underwent the same types of MRI scans before and after they consumed the beverage.
The results, published last week in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, suggest that, indeed, certain changes in brain activity were attributable only to coffee, while others were attributable to caffeine, as well.
The scans revealed that both groups — those who consumed caffeine and those who drank coffee — had decreased activity afterward in a part of the brain that puts people in a resting state.
That indicated that people were more ready to start their days and engage with others after consuming either beverage. Decades of research has already shown that caffeine, a psychostimulant , can help people feel more aroused and alert.
However, the MRI scans showed that drinking coffee increased activity in parts of the brain involved in short-term memory, attention and focus, whereas ingesting caffeine on its own did not. The researchers theorized that the sight, smell or taste of coffee may help people feel alert, regardless of the caffeine content.
He added that people who don't regularly drink coffee may not experience the same effect. Mark Mattson, an adjunct professor of neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine who wasn't involved in the research, said the findings weren't surprising, since people form associations with particular sensory experiences over time, which in turn can influence their future reactions.
Coffee has taste and smell, so when you drink coffee, you're activating brain regions that are involved in the perception of the taste of the coffee, the perception of the smell," Mattson said. Uma Naidoo, a nutritional psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School, said the sight of coffee may trigger positive memories or make a person believe they're about to feel more awake.
That's different from a placebo effect, she added, since the coffee is still inducing a physical, and perhaps emotional, response. All three researchers said it's also possible that the natural chemicals found in coffee may have independent effects on brain activity, apart from those of caffeine.
A group of chemicals in coffee called epicatechins, for instance, has been shown to improve memory in animal studies. Sousa said the goal of the study is not to influence anyone's coffee consumption habits. Mattson also pointed out that the study comes with several limitations.
For one, the MRI scans measured blood flow, but caffeine can restrict blood flow, so the scans may not give a clear picture of its impact on brain activity.
Mattson also noted that the study didn't include people who drank decaf coffee, which might have helped distinguish the effects of coffee versus caffeine on the brain. Naidoo, meanwhile, highlighted that most of the study participants were women, so there could be sex-based differences in how people's brains respond to coffee.
But one point on which the researchers agreed is that coffee is a healthier way to consume caffeine than energy drinks or soda. Aria Bendix is the breaking health reporter for NBC News Digital.
Second, despite a crossover design, the results might still be restricted by a relatively small sample size. In addition, due to a confined sample size, we limited the investigation on a male-only population in order to reduce the variability in caffeine metabolism derived from hormonal fluctuations 43 , 44 and contraceptives 45 , 46 in females.
The minimization of variances may yield a better power for true pharmacological effects, but it is also at the expense of a good generalizability of the findings. Since we also found an association between the individual caffeine metabolism, as indexed by the AUC of caffeine and paraxanthine, and hippocampal activity, it is important to note that the observed caffeine effects in the current study might vary among females exhibiting different metabolism of caffeine or its metabolites due to influence of the estrus cycle 43 , 44 or hormonal contraceptives Lastly, it is of importance to be aware that the observed effects in the current study were yielded from pure caffeine administration.
The common caffeinated dietary, e. Thus, one should not exclude a potential beneficial effect which caffeinated dietary may bring. In conclusion, daily moderate-dose caffeine intake might lead to a compromised working memory performance, which remains reduced after withdrawing caffeine for 36 h.
The impaired behavioral performance, together with the absence of changes in the task-related neural activity, suggest that the increased neural metabolic demand for working memory execution by acute caffeine 17 , 18 , 19 may be impeded over daily intake. Furthermore, daily caffeine intake, potentially through a maintained A2AR antagonism, may inhibit hippocampal activity, which is implicated as a functional consequence of the hippocampal grey matter plasticity in our earlier report Nevertheless, the crossover design in the current study also suggests that the caffeine-associated responses may be restorable within 10 days of abstinence.
Taken together, our findings, comparing to earlier evidence, reveal that the impacts of daily caffeine intake in young healthy adults might be divergent from an acute intake or from a deficient or pathological neural system. The divergency warrants more systematic investigations on the caffeine effects on different adenosine properties and functions in a stratified study population in order to provide precise recommendations on the caffeine use as a neuroprotective agent.
All the data reported in this manuscript is available for research purpose upon requests. Please contact Lin. YuShiuan16 gmail. com for the request.
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We express our sincere appreciation to our interns Andrea Schumacher and Laura Tincknell, M. student Sven Leach and Joshua Kistler, as well as all the study helpers for their assistance in the experiment and data processing. We also thank Dr. Corrado Garbazza and Dr. Martin Meyer for the health check during screening process.
We are grateful for the assistance and resources provided by Professor Katharina Rentsch and Dr. Sophia Rehm at the Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel.
We especially appreciate all our participants for their volunteering and cooperation. Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Wilhelm-Klein Strasse 27, , Basel, Switzerland.
Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Sleep and Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Clinical Sleep Laboratory, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract Acute caffeine intake has been found to increase working memory WM -related brain activity in healthy adults without improving behavioral performances. Introduction Caffeine is the most commonly consumed psychostimulant worldwide 1 , 2 , 3. Methods Ethics and registration This study was conducted at University Hospital of Basel, Basel city, Switzerland.
Volunteers Overall, twenty healthy male volunteers age: Study protocol In a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study, each of the 20 volunteers completed three conditions: placebo, caffeine, and caffeine withdrawal Fig.
Figure 1. Study protocol. Full size image. Results Caffeine levels The salivary caffeine data confirmed a successful experimental manipulation in the placebo, caffeine, and withdrawal condition.
Figure 2. Table 1 The table presents the SPM results, including peak level t-values, cluster level p FWE values, and cluster sizes K E.
Full size table. Figure 3. Discussion Here we investigated working memory performance and underlying cerebral correlates after 10 days of regular caffeine intake and after caffeine withdrawal, compared to a day placebo condition.
Caffeine and working memory: increase cerebral capacity or demands? Potential implications of caffeine effects for adenosine neuromodulation The absence of the classic psychostimulation of caffeine and the impaired attention in caffeine withdrawal, as indexed by the performance in 0-back, corroborate earlier results in a psychomotor vigilance task 42 suggesting a tolerance to daily caffeine intake in the vigilance enhancement as well as an impairment in vigilance in caffeine withdrawal
Caffeune research shows little risk of infection Caffeiine prostate biopsies. Discrimination Weight loss fruits work is linked Caffeine and concentration high blood Cxffeine. Caffeine and concentration fingers and toes: Poor circulation or Raynaud's phenomenon? ARCHIVED CONTENT: As a service to our readers, Harvard Health Publishing provides access to our library of archived content. Please note the date each article was posted or last reviewed. The effects of caffeine Cffeine cognition were reviewed based on concejtration large body cpncentration literature available on the cincentration. Caffeine Caffeine and concentration not usually Caffeine and concentration performance adn learning and memory tasks, although Lifestyle modifications to prevent cancer. Caffeine and concentration occasionally have facilitatory Caffeine and concentration concenration effects on memory and learning. Caffeine facilitates learning in tasks in which information is presented passively; in tasks in which material is learned intentionally, caffeine has no effect. Caffeine facilitates performance in tasks involving working memory to a limited extent, but hinders performance in tasks that heavily depend on working memory, and caffeine appears to rather improve memory performance under suboptimal alertness conditions. Most studies, however, found improvements in reaction time. The ingestion of caffeine does not seem to affect long-term memory.
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