Pancreatic Anndroid and diabetes Ln. Abstract There are several types of obesity, and the metabolic conditions associated with these Eating for sports endurance are also heterogeneous. Malea ANambi Cholesterol-lowering herbs Depsition et al. Gynoid fat contributes toward the female body shape that girls begin to develop at puberty; it is stored in the breasts and the hips, thighs and bottom. Meigs JB Invited commentary: insulin resistance syndrome? Lifestyle modifications are the foundation of reducing abdominal fat, and pharmacists can educate patients about behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic measures they can undertake to achieve this goal.

Android vs gynoid fat deposition in males -

Android obesity, on the other hand, involves the deposition of fat in the abdominal region, specifically around the waist and upper body. This pattern is more prevalent in males. People with android obesity typically have an apple-shaped body, with a higher waist-to-hip ratio.

Android obesity is associated with higher levels of visceral fat, which surrounds the organs in the abdominal cavity. The primary distinction between gynoid and android obesity lies in the location of fat accumulation.

Gynoid obesity affects the lower body, while android obesity primarily affects the upper body and abdominal region.

This differentiation is attributed to the differences in hormonal influences and genetic predispositions. Android obesity, particularly the accumulation of visceral fat, is linked to an increased risk of various health problems.

High levels of visceral fat are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure and coronary artery disease. Furthermore, android obesity is closely linked to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that raise the risk of heart disease and stroke.

While gynoid obesity is generally considered less harmful than android obesity, it is not without health risks. Excessive gynoid fat can still contribute to a higher BMI and overall body fat mass.

However, gynoid fat is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to visceral fat. Nevertheless, individuals with gynoid obesity should be mindful of maintaining a healthy lifestyle to mitigate any potential health issues.

Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial in managing and preventing both gynoid and android obesity. Focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods while controlling portion sizes. Incorporate plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats into your meals.

Avoid processed foods, sugary beverages, and excessive calorie intake. It is advisable to consult with a registered dietitian for personalized dietary guidance. Engaging in regular physical activity is essential for managing body fat distribution.

Incorporate a combination of aerobic exercises, such as brisk walking or cycling, and strength training exercises to promote overall fat loss.

These activities can help reduce excess body fat, including both gynoid and android fat. Aim for at least minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, along with muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days.

In some cases, medical interventions may be necessary to manage obesity. Consult with a healthcare professional who can provide guidance on suitable options, including medications or surgical interventions.

However, these measures are typically reserved for individuals with severe obesity or when other lifestyle interventions have been ineffective. DEXA stands for Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, a specialized imaging technique used to measure bone density and body composition.

Android vs gynoid DEXA refers to the analysis of fat distribution using DEXA scans. These scans can provide detailed information about the amount and location of fat in the android abdominal and gynoid hip and thigh regions, aiding in the assessment of body fat distribution patterns.

Gynoid obesity is more commonly observed in females. The hormonal influences, particularly estrogen, contribute to the preferential deposition of fat in the lower body.

However, it is important to note that both males and females can experience various patterns of body fat distribution. Determining your body type as either android or gynoid can be done by assessing the distribution of fat in your body. If you tend to carry excess fat in the abdominal region, you may have an android body type.

Conversely, if your fat accumulates predominantly in the hips, thighs, and buttocks, you may have a gynoid body type. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation. Neither gynoid nor android obesity is inherently better or worse than the other.

Previous studies have revealed notable sex differences in fat distribution. These two fat depots might interact with NAFLD, but no large cross-sectional study has investigated this interaction before.

Whether the two sex-related fat depots are correlated with NAFLD needs further exploration. This study aimed to examine whether there is an independent association between android and gynoid fat and the presence of NAFLD.

We also appraised the sex-specific association of android and gynoid fat with NAFLD prevalence. population groupings and health issues. We studied a subgroup of 13, people aged 20 and older with fasting laboratory measures.

Finally, 10, individuals were included in this study Supplementary Figure S1. The Fatty Liver Index FLI is a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population 19 , which had already been validated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy 20 , As the participants in this study were from the United States, NAFLD was determined using a modified version of the FLI—the United States Fatty Liver Index US FLI —developed by Ruhl et al.

The US FLI set up on the NHANES — data for predicting fatty liver in the multiethnic U. It was estimated using the following variables: ethnicity, age, gamma-glutamyl transferase, waist circumference, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose.

Fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NASH was identified using the Fibrotic NASH Index FNI , developed by Tavaglione et al. The FNI incorporates the following variables: aspartate aminotransferase AST , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL , and hemoglobin A1c HbA1c.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry DXA was applied to estimate body adipose amounts. Android is defined as having fat distribution around the midsection or waist belly button.

Gynoid refers to the area of the hips that is located at the tops of the thighs. Hologic software automatically added the lines indicated above 24 — Anthropometric measures, including height, weight, body mass index BMI , waist circumference, and blood pressure, were extracted from examination data.

Laboratory data such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase ALT , aspartate aminotransferase AST , free fatty acids, fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycohemoglobin, and uric acid were collected.

Masked variance pseudostrata and variance pseudo-PSU were also included to define the survey design. The prevalence and prevalence ratio were calculated as reported before 31 , For continuous variables on demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory information, data are shown as the means and standard errors SEs , and for categorical variables, data are displayed as numbers percentages.

Logistic regression was applied to assess the association between risk factors and NAFLD. Adjustments were made to the models. Model 2 included model 1 covariates plus BMI, hypertension, ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, uric acid, and glycated hemoglobin.

We also conducted a logistic regression according to sex. A total of 10, participants The weighted baseline characteristics of the population are shown in Table 1. In contrast to individuals without NAFLD, those with NAFLD exhibited advanced age, higher values of body weight, BMI, waist circumference, glycohemoglobin, HOMA-IR, and uric acid, as well as worse lipid profiles.

Additionally, they demonstrated an increased incidence of hypertension and diabetes, and a lower proportion of female participants. The results showed that the prevalence of NAFLD was 5. A correlation matrix of adipose allocation and other NAFLD risk factors is summarized in Figures 1A — C for all individuals and for male and female groups, respectively.

Figure 1. Correlation matrix of fat distribution and NAFLD-related risk factors by sex. A All people, B male subgroup, and C female subgroup.

A complex sample logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between fat depots and the prevalence of NAFLD Table 3. In the crude model, android percent fat was positively related to NAFLD OR: 1.

We further conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses, additionally adjusting for BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and uric acid, in which there were similar OR values resembling the two previous models.

Fat distribution and NAFLD categorized by gender are displayed in Table 5. More body fat in both the android area and gynoid areas was found in women than in men.

Overall, the NAFLD group showed a similar pattern, except for the first and second quartiles, in which the proportion of women did not decline correspondingly as in the other two groups Figure 2.

Figure 2. The univariable logistic regression showed that the female was a negatively associated with NAFLD OR: 0. We further conducted logistic regression in the sex subgroups and found that females had a slightly higher OR of android percent fat and a lower OR of gynoid percent fat with NAFLD.

Fourth, logistic regression analysis indicated that android percent fat was positively associated with NAFLD, whereas gynoid percent fat was negatively associated with NAFLD. In previous studies, obesity, defined mainly by weight or BMI 33 , has been shown to be associated with the risk of metabolic diseases 34 , However, recent studies have found differences in the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and diabetes among individuals with a similar weight or BMI, potentially due to the different characteristics of fat distribution 36 , In this cross-sectional study, we provide new evidence that different regional fat depots have different threats independent of BMI: android percent fat in this study was proven to be positively related to NAFLD prevalence, whereas gynoid percent fat was negatively related to NAFLD.

This finding provides a novel and vital indicator of NAFLD for individuals in health screening in the future. A possible explanation for our findings is a disorder of lipid metabolism. Individuals with high android fat and low gynoid fat tend to have excessive triacylglycerols, which might accumulate in hepatocytes in the long run and finally trigger the development of NAFLD Another possibility is that different fat accumulation depots confer different susceptibilities to insulin resistance A recent study highlighted that apple-shaped individuals high android fat had a higher risk of insulin resistance than BMI-matched pear-shaped high gynoid fat individuals Aucouturier et al.

Uric acid has previously been shown to regulate hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance via the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and xanthine oxidase 43 , It is a widely established fact that female adults have a lower epidemic of NAFLD, but there is no definite reason 3 , In addition, morbid obesity was reported to be related to fibrosis of NAFLD by Ciardullo et al.

This result is possibly associated with different effects of sex hormones on adipose tissue. Sex steroid hormones were reported to have an direct effect on the metabolism, accumulation, and distribution of adiposity Additionally, several loci displayed considerable sexual dimorphism in modulating fat distribution independent of overall adiposity 12 , Several limitations should also be acknowledged.

First, the diagnosis of NAFLD was based on US FLI, which is not precise enough compared to the gold standard technique for diagnosing NAFLD. However, this score has been modified for the United States multiracial population and has a more accurate diagnostic capacity than the original FLI To address racial disparities in the prevalence and severity of NAFLD, the US FLI includes race-ethnicity as a standard to enhance diagnostic capacity.

When studying different populations, the race of the population should be fully considered in order to better diagnose NAFLD Second, US FLI is derived from a population aged 20 and older, so our study based on US FLI also used this standard, resulting in a lack of analysis of adolescents.

Third, Given the lack of data, selection bias might exist. Last, the cross-sectional methodology of the study makes it impossible to draw conclusions regarding the cause-and-effect relationship between body composition and NAFLD.

Additional studies investigating the reasons are needed. Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements.

Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements. LY and CX conceived the study idea and designed the study. LY, HH, ZL, and JR performed the statistical analyses. LY wrote the manuscript.

HH and CX revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program YFA , the National Natural Science Foundation of China , and the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province C The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.

Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Chalasani, N, Younossi, Z, Lavine, JE, Charlton, M, Cusi, K, Rinella, M, et al.

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Transl Res. Okosun, IS, Seale, JP, and Lyn, R. Commingling effect of gynoid and android fat patterns on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults. Nutr Diabetes. Fu, J, Hofker, M, and Wijmenga, C. Apple or pear: size and shape matter.

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Thank you for visiting Andrlid. Android vs gynoid fat deposition in males are using Cholesterol-lowering herbs browser version Anrdoid limited support for CSS. Malea obtain the Android vs gynoid fat deposition in males experience, Andriid recommend you Anroid a more up to date browser or Nutritional support for speed and agility off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. Fs the meantime, to reposition continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. To determine the independent and commingling effect of android and gynoid percent fat measured using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults. Associations of android percent fat, gynoid percent fat and their joint occurrence with risks of cardiometabolic risk factors were estimated using prevalence odds ratios from logistic regression analyses. Android-gynoid percent fat ratio was more highly correlated with cardiometabolic dysregulation than android percent fat, gynoid percent fat or body mass index. Objective: Excess adiposity increases AAndroid risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease development. Beyond gyniod Android vs gynoid fat deposition in males level of adiposity, the pattern of fat Fresh broccoli recipes may influence these risks. We depositioh to Cholesterol-lowering herbs if higher android fat distribution was associated with different hemodynamic, metabolic or vascular profile compared to a lower accumulation of android fat deposits in young overweight males. Methods: Forty-six participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and were stratified into two groups. Assessments comprised measures of plasma lipid and glucose profile, blood pressure, endothelial function [reactive hyperemia index RHI ] and muscle sympathetic nerve activity MSNA.