Obesity and hypertension -
Obesity and hypertension high blood pressure are intimately connected. There are 58 to 65 million adults who have hypertension in the United States 1,2. Hypertension is the most common reason for office visits of non-pregnant adults to their physicians and for the use of prescription drugs 3 , and people with obesity are more likely to have hypertension 5.
The percentage of people with obesity in the United States is increasing and in a survey from to , the percentage of people with obesity in the United States was Other medical issues that are associated with obesity include reduced life expectancy, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, gallstones, osteoarthritis, abnormal cholesterol blood lipids , stroke, sleep apnea, cancer colon and prostate in men; uterine and gallbladder cancer in women.
The most important issue to remember is that obesity is associated with hypertension, and hypertension is associated with numerous other diseases that can affect overall health and life expectancy. Anti-hypertension medications should be started if hypertension is diagnosed. But, with weight-loss, a significant fall in blood pressure may permit a decrease in the number of medications taken or decrease the amount of medication taken.
Prevention would be better than any drug. Use lifestyle changes with weight reduction maintaining BMI Weight-loss is the most important step in reducing hypertension and improving quality of life. About the Author: Jaymee Delaney, MD, is an Internal Medicine Physician in Tualatin, Oregon. She received her medical degree from Oregon Health Sciences University and did her residency at Legacy Hospital Program.
She is a member of the Oregon Medical Association, which advocates and supports legislation on obesity issues. Her personal and professional interest lies with both adult and childhood obesity.
Delaney has successfully influenced numerous patients on changing their lifestyles and to pursue healthier habits. References: 1. Fields, LE, Burt, VL, Cutler, JA, et al. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States to a rising tide.
Hypertension ; Burt, VL, Whelton, P, Roccella, EJ, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Cherry, DK, Burt, CW, Woodwell, DA. Advance data from vital and health statistics.
No Hyattsville, MD. National Center for Health Statistics, Ogden, CL, Carroll, MD, Curtin, LR, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, JAMA ; Poirier, P, Giles, T, Bray, G, et al.
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight-loss. Circulation ; Schmieder, RE, Messerli, FH. Does obesity influence early target organ damage in hypertensive patients? Chobanian, AV, Bakris, GL, Black, HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: The JNC 7 Report.
Sharma, AM, Pischon, T, Engeli, S, Scholze, J. Choice of drug treatment for Obesity-related hypertension: where is the evidence?. J Hypertens ; Unger, RH. Reinventing type 2 diabetes: pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Nyamdorj, R, Qiao, Q, Soderberg, S, et al. Comparison of body mass index with waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-stature ratio as a predictor of hypertension incidence in Mauritius.
Ostlund, RE Jr, Staten, M, Kohrt, WM, et al. The ratio of waist-to-hip circumference, plasma insulin level, and glucose intolerance as independent predictors of the HDL2 cholesterol level in older adults.
N Engl J Med ; Lauer, MS, Anderson, KM, Kannel, WB, Levy, D. The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry. The Framingham Heart Study. Folkman, Judah.
Harvard Professor. From his early work on angiogenesis one pound of fat. Help the OAC to raise awareness, advocate for improved access, provide evidence-based education, fight to eliminate weight bias and discrimination and elevate the conversation of weight and its impact on health.
Donate Now. In addition to obesity, the following are additional risk factors for high blood pressure:. Age — your risk of developing high blood pressure increases as you grow older.
Racial background — hypertension is more prevalent in African-American people than it is in white people. Family history — having one or more close family members diagnosed with hypertension before the age of 60 is a risk factor for developing hypertension.
High salt intake — consuming lots of salt leads to water retention and high blood pressure. Smoking —this not only raises your blood pressure temporarily , but the chemicals in tobacco can damage the inner lining of your arteries causing them to narrow and increasing your risk of high blood pressure and heart disease.
Alcohol —heavy drinking regularly consuming more than the recommended daily amount of one drink a day for women and two for men can damage your heart.
High-stress levels — stress and anxiety can cause your blood pressure to spike. Chronic conditions — specific chronic conditions such as kidney disease , sleep apnea , and diabetes can increase your risk of developing high blood pressure.
There are steps you can take to reduce your risk of becoming obese and developing high blood pressure, including:. Make small changes that are easy to stick to. Extreme diets give you quick results but are impossible to maintain and can damage your body.
Here are some of the risks of crash-dieting:. New health problems. Vitamin deficiency. Losing muscle mass. Regaining weight. Making small changes that are easy to stick to is recommended.
Eat healthily. To avoid obesity and high blood pressure, be mindful about what you eat. Consume a healthy, balanced, and nutrient-dense diet containing foods from each of the following groups:. Try to limit or avoid foods that contain lots of fat, sugar, and salt. Consuming more calories than you burn causes excess fat to accumulate in your body.
Research your ideal calorie intake for your age, sex, and lifestyle, and make healthier choices with simple swaps. For example, instead of drinking carbonated, sugary drinks, choose naturally flavored water or swap regular pantry essentials for low-salt options.
Most people don't consume enough fiber, but if you want to lose weight or prevent obesity, you should try to adopt a high-fiber diet with vegetables, fruits, and wholemeal foods. High-fiber foods also help you stay feeling fuller for longer because they release energy slowly, making you less likely to snack on unhealthy foods.
You might want to speak to your doctor or a nutritionist for specialist dietary advice that will help you improve your health and lose weight.
Exercise regularly. Find simple and enjoyable ways to keep active, like taking a brisk walk , practicing yoga, or joining a dance class. Consider weight-loss surgery. Your doctor might recommend weight-loss bariatric surgery if other lifestyle strategies for losing weight haven't worked and you are at risk of serious health problems, including hypertension.
There are different types of weight-loss surgery, including sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, but the surgery generally involves making changes to the stomach and small intestines so you consume less food.
Speak to your doctor and carefully review and discuss all your options if you are considering weight-loss surgery. This type of surgery comes with many possible complications and not everyone qualifies for it.
Obesity is a growing health concern in the US and around the world, and it is linked to primary hypertension. While the link between excess fat and high blood pressure is well-established, the mechanisms through which obesity leads to hypertension are many and complex. Making healthy lifestyle choices to prevent weight gain or lose weight is the most effective treatment for obesity-related hypertension.
Extreme diets are dangerous as they not only deprive the body of essential nutrients and minerals but are also unsustainable in the long run. If you are concerned that your weight may be causing your blood pressure levels to rise, talk to your doctor so that you can both work on the most effective lifestyle changes for you.
Adult obesity facts Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Obesity: Overview of an epidemic Hypertension: New guidelines from the international society of hypertension American Academy of Family Physicians.
Hypertension World Health Organization. Hypertension and the risk of dementia Obesity-related hypertension: Pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment—A position paper of the the obesity society and the american society of hypertension Obesity-induced hypertension The relationship between obesity and hypertension: an updated comprehensive overview on vicious twins Physical activity guidelines for Americans High blood pressure Sep Explore clinical trials for high blood pressure and see those actively looking for patients near you.
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The global Ohesity of obesity and Healthy alternatives for cravings associated comorbidities Ogesity to Obesity and hypertension on hyperteension pandemic scale 1. Recent estimates from andd World Health Organization WHO andd that Obesity and hypertensionover 1. Furthermore, million annd Obesity and hypertension adolescents aged 5—19 years and 24 million children under the age of 5 were estimated to be obese or overweight in 2. Obesity is no longer a public health issue confined to high-income countries, as the developing world is now witnessing increased obesity rates secondary to urbanization, changes in diet, and the adoption of sedentary lifestyles 3. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that obesity is a causative factor in the development of hypertension 5 - 7.
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