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Gestational diabetes prevention -
Also avoid adding sugar to your food or drinks, sweetened soda, punch, sweet tea, and other fruity beverages. Moderation is suggested. These sweeteners have not been linked to an increased risk of congenital anomalies birth defects.
Other protein foods like cheese, eggs, nuts, seeds, and peanut butter are also good for you and your baby. Avoid fruit juice or limit percent fruit juice to one-half cup 4 ounces per serving. Many dieticians recommend avoiding fruits for breakfast because of concerns about higher blood sugar levels in the early morning.
Choose low-fat yogurt that is plain, "light," or Greek style. Include plenty of salads, greens spinach, collards, kale , broccoli, carrots, green beans, tomatoes, onions, mushrooms, and other vegetables you enjoy. Half of the plate at your meals can be non-starchy vegetables. Blood sugar monitoring — You will learn how to check your blood sugar level and record the results figure 1.
Instructions for choosing a blood sugar meter, checking blood sugar levels at home, and ways to record the results are discussed separately. See "Patient education: Glucose monitoring in diabetes Beyond the Basics ".
This information can help to determine whether your blood sugar levels are on target. If your levels stay higher than they should be, your doctor will probably recommend that you start using insulin.
See 'Insulin' below. Exercise — Although exercise is not a necessary part of gestational diabetes treatment, it might help to control blood sugar levels. If you were exercising before, you should continue after being diagnosed with gestational diabetes. If you did not previously exercise, ask your doctor or nurse if exercise is recommended.
Most individuals who do not have medical or pregnancy-related complications are able to exercise, at least moderately, throughout their pregnancy. Walking is a great form of exercise for those starting an exercise regimen. Insulin — Approximately 15 percent of patients with gestational diabetes will require insulin.
Insulin is a medicine that helps to reduce blood sugar levels and can reduce the risk of gestational diabetes-related complications.
Insulin is the most common medicine for treating gestational diabetes. You must give insulin by injection because it does not work when it is taken by mouth. Most pregnant people start by giving one to two shots of insulin per day.
If your blood sugar levels are high after eating, you may need to give yourself a shot three or four times per day. Instructions for drawing up and giving insulin shots are available separately. See "Patient education: Type 2 diabetes: Insulin treatment Beyond the Basics ".
If you take insulin, you should check your blood sugar level at least four times per day. You also need to write down your results or store them in the meter and how much insulin you took and review these records at each prenatal visit or more frequently based on your doctor's recommendation figure 1.
Keeping accurate records helps to adjust insulin doses and can decrease the risk of complications. The bedtime snack is especially important to help keep your fasting first blood sugar of the day before eating in range. Oral diabetes medicines, such as those taken by people with type 2 diabetes, are sometimes used during pregnancy in the United States.
We prefer insulin therapy for pregnant patients with diabetes who cannot control blood glucose levels adequately by their diet nutritional therapy. Insulin is effective and safe and does not cross the placenta to the fetus. Most oral diabetes medicines pass from the pregnant individual to their baby through the placenta; while they have not been shown to harm the fetus or newborn, it is not known if there are longer term effects on children.
There are studies underway to help answer this question. However, oral anti-hyperglycemic agents are a reasonable alternative for individuals who will not take, or are unable to comply with, insulin therapy, as long as they understand the lack of information on long-term risks or benefits.
Prenatal visits — Most pregnant individuals who develop gestational diabetes have more frequent prenatal visits eg, once every week or two , especially if insulin is used. The purpose of these visits is to monitor your and your baby's health, discuss your diet, review your blood sugars, and adjust your dose of insulin if you are taking it to keep your blood sugar levels near normal.
It is common to change the dose of insulin as the pregnancy progresses. You may also be asked to have one or two ultrasound examinations to check on the growth and size of the baby.
See "Gestational diabetes mellitus: Obstetric issues and management". Nonstress testing — You may need tests to monitor the health of the baby during the later stages of pregnancy, especially if your blood sugars have been high, you are using insulin, or if you have any pregnancy-related complications eg, high blood pressure.
The most commonly used test is the nonstress test. This test is discussed in a separate topic review. See "Patient education: Postterm pregnancy Beyond the Basics ". If your blood sugar levels are close to normal during pregnancy and you have no other complications, the ideal time to give birth is between 39 and 40 weeks of pregnancy, no later than your due date.
If you do not give birth by your due date, you may be offered induction of labor or additional testing to monitor your and your baby's health. In most individuals with gestational diabetes and a normal-size baby, there are no advantages to a cesarean over a vaginal birth, although cesarean may be needed in any pregnancy, especially with a first baby.
Those with a very large baby may be offered cesarean birth before labor starts. The risks and benefits of cesarean birth are discussed separately. See "Patient education: C-section cesarean delivery Beyond the Basics ". Your blood sugar levels will be monitored during labor.
Most individuals have normal blood sugar levels during labor and do not need any insulin. Insulin is given if your blood sugar level becomes high.
High blood sugar levels during labor can cause problems in the baby, both before and after delivery. See "Pregestational preexisting and gestational diabetes: Intrapartum and postpartum glucose management".
AFTER-DELIVERY CARE. After giving birth, most individuals with gestational diabetes have normal blood sugar levels and do not require further treatment with insulin. You can return to your prepregnancy diet, and you are encouraged to breastfeed.
See "Patient education: Deciding to breastfeed Beyond the Basics ". However, your doctor may check your blood sugar level the day after delivery to be sure that it is normal or near normal. Pregnancy itself does not increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, having gestational diabetes does increase your risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Women with diabetes have high blood pressure more often than women without diabetes. Listen to this Podcast: Gestational Diabetes. People with diabetes who take insulin or other diabetes medications can develop blood sugar that is too low. Low blood sugar can be very serious, and even fatal, if not treated quickly.
Seriously low blood sugar can be avoided if women watch their blood sugar closely and treat low blood sugar early. Women who had gestational diabetes or who develop prediabetes can also learn more about the National Diabetes Prevention Program National DPP , CDC-recognized lifestyle change programs.
To find a CDC-recognized lifestyle change class near you, or join one of the online programs. Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy [PDF — 1 MB] View, download, and print this brochure about gestational diabetes and pregnancy.
Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search. Español Other Languages. Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy. Español Spanish. Minus Related Pages. You can reduce the risk of developing gestational diabetes by managing your weight, eating healthily and keeping active before and during pregnancy.
Many women with gestational diabetes are able to control their blood sugar levels with lifestyle changes, including diet and physical activity; however, some women will need to inject insulin for better control.
Ask your doctor to refer you to a registered dietitian to learn about healthy eating during pregnancy. Physical activity during pregnancy can also help control your blood sugar level. Sometimes healthy eating and physical activity are not enough to manage blood sugar levels.
Contributor Disclosures. Pregention read the Disclaimer at the Gesttaional of this page. Gestational diabetes is a Refreshment Services for Weddings of diabetes Pomegranate antioxidant supplements can develop during pregnancy in individuals who don't already have diabetes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC estimates that gestational diabetes affects between 2 and 10 percent of pregnancies in the United States. It usually goes away after delivery. When eiabetes eat, your body breaks down Gestatilnal and Gestationxl from food into glucose to use duabetes energy. Pomegranate antioxidant supplements pancreas Body composition scanner Post-workout recovery nutrition hormone called Body composition scanner that helps your body keep the right amount of glucose in your blood. This can cause serious health problems, such as heart disease, kidney failure and blindness. Pregnant people are usually tested for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. Most of the time it can be controlled and treated during pregnancy.
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