Emotional well-being in aging -
All data are weighted by age, gender, and race according to the most recent Census population statistics. A portion of the multicultural samples came from the national survey sample. The survey was conducted in English and Spanish. For more information, please contact Cheryl L.
Lampkin at clampkin aarp. For media inquiries, contact External Relations at media aarp. Lampkin, Cheryl. Washington, DC: AARP Research, May The Altruism-Clinical Trial Participation Disconnect Illuminates Opportunity.
This study of U. adults ages 18 and older found that about one-fifth are familiar with clinical trials and about six in ten say they would participate in one.
Few people plus know how much exercise is enough. Adults who exercise minutes weekly tend to rate aspects of their health higher than those who exercise 30 minutes, but few know they need minutes.
AARP Research Insights on Health Care. AARP Research on health care highlights U. adults' experiences with Medicare, telehealth, prescription drugs, and healthy living. African American Men Feel Good About Their Health. Most Black men in the U. Who's Getting Long COVID and How It's Showing Up.
Many COVID sufferers age plus experienced lingering COVID symptoms beyond the typical one-to-two-week period. Healthy Living: How Older Adults Are Managing Their Emotional and Mental Well-Being.
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn. Cheryl L. Lampkin, AARP Research. Published April 01, Suggested citation: Lampkin, Cheryl. MORE FROM AARP. The Altruism-Clinical Trial Participation Disconnect Illuminates Opportunity This study of U.
Few people plus know how much exercise is enough Adults who exercise minutes weekly tend to rate aspects of their health higher than those who exercise 30 minutes, but few know they need minutes. When discussing negative or traumatic experiences, participants should reflect on how those were overcome and what capabilities and internal strengths helped them cope and adapt.
Maintaining positive self-esteem is often associated with the quality of interpersonal relations; thus, the first three sessions also focus on mapping and assessing relations with meaningful others such as family members, friends, colleagues, or others.
Positive self-esteem also relates to the senses of autonomy, environmental mastery, self-realization, and personal growth, with the latter serving to enhance the pursuit of life's goals. Senior citizens who were fully engaged in work or social roles, as well as widows and widowers who were assuming the role of care-giver, may need guidance in finding suitable alternative contexts for gaining a sense of control and purpose in their lives.
In gaining a sense of direction and a realistic view of identity and self-image, the participants are enabled to discuss their priorities, and personal and independent decisions, before planning and setting goals to maintain or increase their well-being.
The program teaches the participants to identify positive, realistic goals and to use the adaptive mechanisms of selection, optimization, and compensation SOC 9 to promote continued maximization of their chosen activities in life, especially as they grow older and their resources decline Phase 4 In this phase participants focus on their purpose in life through the process of goal attainment.
Setting clear, realistic, measurable, and significant goals and managing time and learning how to spend time effectively become increasingly important elements as people age and find they have more free time and fewer commitments to family, work, and other obligations Thereafter, participants identify and increase their health-promoting behaviors, to cope with the adversities encountered in growing old.
Since unrealistic expectations, beliefs, and attitudes regarding old age affect well-being and impede goal attainment, they learn to identify and replace irrational beliefs and attitudes with rational, more realistic ones Assisted by the group, the participants individually and collectively seek and create emotional and social support.
Participants are encouraged to form a social network using the internet or phone communication, which is activated between the meetings for staying in touch, receiving support, and sharing experiences, thoughts, and feelings experienced during the week.
The Mental Fitness Program can also be an effective intervention tool to assess senior citizens' main areas of personal difficulty. It helps ascertain which components to positive well-being would benefit from enhancement, such as low self-esteem, unsatisfying relations with others, lack of emotional or social support, or difficulties in making decisions and taking the steps to fulfill personal needs.
It may also indicate the phase in life where changes and losses require that personal goals be revised to promote emotional and psychological engagement and gratification. For seniors who suffer from emotional problems or mental disorders, positive psychology interventions can be integrated into general treatment, such as positive psychotherapy, CBT-REBT, or IPT Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression 28 , These interventions can be successful for helping professionals who are themselves optimistic and in good health in facilitating seniors.
However, many professionals still need to overcome their own ageist attitudes and phobias if they are to effectively assist what will be an increasingly larger proportion of their clientele 72 , 73 , Professionals should also encourage clients to maintain a healthy lifestyle and are encouraged to engage in strategic advocacy for extended medical insurance for mental health services, mainly in the areas of prevention, screening, and early intervention.
Implementation: This model is most appropriate for community-dwelling individuals with a high level of functioning. It can easily be conducted in a wide range of adult education programs in group settings, in community centers and health clubs.
Seniors can be recruited through seniors' communities online Facebook. It can be offered to members of health-care insurance companies as part of programs suggested to promote health aging. It can also be implemented online as is currently the case via Zoom. The Mental Fitness Program has been applied in Israel in community centers, sheltered homes, and retirement programs and has proved to be very effective, as shown by the excellent feedback provided by the participants.
Mental health professionals were recruited to lead the group sessions after attending a full-day training course on how to conduct the program.
The instructions for the mental fitness program are clear, and social work or psychology students can also be recruited to lead the group sessions. Limitations: The mental fitness program is one of many interventions suggested to enhance the well-being of older adults.
Its advantage is that it is a comprehensive program of positive health combining the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of positive aging.
The limitations of this model have to do with the fact that it is most appropriate for community-dwelling individuals with a high level of functioning as compared to individuals who have experienced cognitive decline. Another limitation is that to date, the model suggested has not been methodologically evaluated.
An evaluation of this model should be performed and should be tested methodologically. The decision as to the type, frequency, and length of any strategy is, however, not easy to estimate.
It depends on the institutions, and the older adults' current capacity, vulnerability, and subsequent adherence to the intervention 52 , Systemic reviews of interventions designed to enhance the well-being of older adults indicate that group-based interventions and interventions including social elements have a very positive effect on participants' mental health This suggests that group-based interventions such as the Mental Fitness Model for Positive Aging can be effectively prioritized.
We hope that the Mental Fitness Program will be evaluated shortly and will be approved as an effective intervention in promoting positive well-being of older adults.
The demographic revolution constitutes a real challenge for society, but in particular for the older population and their helping professionals. The challenge for older adults is to maintain and, if possible, to increase their personal resources so as not to overwhelm societal resources with their needs.
Thus, older adults should bear some responsibility for making sure that they maintain their health, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and are engaged in their families and communities.
The challenge for helping professionals is to shift away from traditional stereotypes and ageism and suggest interventions that focus on wellness and older adults' reserve capacities rather than on illness, patients, and symptoms. Interventions should incorporate practicing positive aging and well-being strategies to increase autonomy, environmental mastery, and purpose in life, as well as a healthy lifestyle.
A prime point of intervention is to identify the resources and facilitate the social network cooperation that will keep older adults socially and physically active and involved in their communities. It can be achieved together with the medical, physical, and mental health services given in health centers and primary care.
Interventions should be adjusted to individual older adults' level of functioning, special needs, and motivation. Although findings indicate that the majority of the older population has a resourceful interpersonal milieu, varied social networks, and positive well-being 81 — 83 , there is also the risk of future disability and limitations in mobility, which can increase loneliness and reduce well-being.
Increased loneliness and reduction in physical and mental health was also found in many older adults during the COVID pandemic. It is recommended to recruit and train medical staff in health centers and primary care to incorporate strategies and tools for optimal functioning into their medical treatment approach.
Crucially, the foundations for positive aging are laid down early in life by adopting a healthy lifestyle. It is important to develop healthy habits throughout the life cycle, which depends to a great extent on social and cultural contexts.
Therefore, it is imperative to develop educational programs and interventions in the community to promote strategies for positive functioning and well-being. The challenge to present and future societies is to provide older persons with opportunities for self-realization, continued personal growth, and social engagements.
The author confirms being the sole contributor of this work and has approved it for publication. The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. World Health Organization.
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