Lycopene and inflammation -
However, the experimental basis for such health benefits is not fully understood. One of the possible mechanisms for its protective activities is by down-regulation of the inflammatory response. That includes the inhibition of pivotal pro-inflammatory mediators, such as the reduction of reactive oxygen species, the inhibition of synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, changes in the expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, modifications of eicosanoid synthesis, and modulation of signal transduction pathways, including that of the inducible nitric oxide synthase via its inhibitory effects on Nuclear Factor-kB NF-kB , Activated protein-1 AP-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK signaling.
Recent data suggest that lycopene also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through induction of programmed cell death in activated immune cells.
This review will discuss recent data on the control of inflammatory signaling exerted by tomato lycopene in isolated cells, in animal models and in clinical trials, focusing on the dose of the carotenoid and the biological environment in which it acts. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of lycopene is crucial in the valuation of this molecule as a potential preventive and therapeutic agent.
Title: Tomato Lycopene and Inflammatory Cascade: Basic Interactions and Clinical Implications. Volume: 17 Issue: Author s : P. Palozza, N. Parrone, A. Catalano and R. Abstract: Lycopene, a natural carotenoid found in tomato, has been reported to possess various health benefits, such as cardiovascular and cancer preventive properties.
Palozza P. and Simone R. Recent Advances in the Application of Marine Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Tomato Lycopene and Inflammatory Cascade: Basic Interactions and Clinical Implications Author s : P.
Catalano and Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University—School of Medicine, Lgo F. Vito, 1 Rome, Italy. Simone Volume 17, Issue 23, Page: [ - ] Pages: 17 DOI: Purchase PDF. Mark Item. Current Medicinal Chemistry. Title: Tomato Lycopene and Inflammatory Cascade: Basic Interactions and Clinical Implications Volume: 17 Issue: 23 Author s : P.
Close Print this page. Export Options ×. Export File: RIS for EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite. Content: Citation Only. Citation and Abstract. About this article ×. Cite this article as: Palozza P. Close About this journal.
Related Journals Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. Current Analytical Chemistry. Current Computer-Aided Drug Design. Current Bioactive Compounds. Fetching data from CrossRef. This may take some time to load. Loading related content.
Jump to main content. Jump to site search. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site or access our non-JavaScript page.
Issue 4, You have access to this article. Please wait while we load your content Something went wrong. Try again? Cited by. Download options Please wait Supplementary information PDF K. Article type Paper. Submitted 12 Dec Accepted 09 Mar First published 14 Mar Download Citation.
Food Funct. Request permissions. Lycopene ameliorates systemic inflammation-induced synaptic dysfunction via improving insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver—brain axis J. Social activity. Search articles by author Jia Wang. Qianhui Zou.
Department of Lycoepne, Erzincan Binali Home remedies for acne Aging healthily guide, Annd of Aging healthily guide, Erzincan, Inflamamtion. Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Inlfammation of Medicine, Lycopene and inflammation, Turkey. Aging healthily guide is a response to various injuries, Lycopenee, Aging healthily guide severe trauma. The primary function of inflammation is to combat pathogens, eliminate them from the body, and initiate wound healing. However, inflammation also contributes to numerous diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma. As the importance of nutrition in maintaining human health has become increasingly recognized, the consumption of natural antioxidants has gained popularity, especially in developed countries.Lycopene and inflammation -
Further observed effects include an improved serum lipid profile as well as reduction in total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides Verghese et al. Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits were used in a study by Frederiksen et al. demonstrating that lycopene did not influence cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, lipoprotein fractions, oxidation of lipids, and aortic atherosclerosis evaluated biochemically and by microscopy Frederiksen et al.
The lack of response of lycopene in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits is, probably, related to their defective LDL receptors Tanazawa et al. Considering the bloodstream transport of lycopene in LDL particles, functional LDL receptors enable cardiovascular benefits of lycopene Lorenz et al.
Bansal et al. reported a beneficial cardioprotective effect of lycopene, due to the reduction of oxidative stress and myocardial injury, in an experimental model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in adult male albino Wistar rats Bansal et al.
Lycopene protects also endothelial progenitor cells, necessary to replace the injured vascular endothelium and for angiogenesis, in a microenvironment of advanced glycation end products AGEs , which act as damage-causing agents Zeng et al. Lycopene improved cell proliferation and regulated protective mechanisms of AGEs-induced autophagy in endothelial progenitor cells from diabetic rats, suggesting that supplementation with this compound might be a new therapeutic option for diabetic vascular complications Zeng et al.
Both cross-sectional and supplementation studies emphasized the benefits of tomato products on vascular function, mainly due to the antioxidative effects of lycopene Kim et al.
However, several articles failed to show improvement of endothelial function after tomato consumption Stangl et al. Gajendragadkar et al. concluded that lycopene supplementation can improve endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular disorders, but not in age-matched healthy volunteers Gajendragadkar et al.
Endothelial function was improved regardless of traditional risk factors or inflammatory markers, and, even a modest increase in serum lycopene, further impaired endothelial function in atherosclerotic patients Gajendragadkar et al.
One conclusion of the mentioned study was that lycopene affects especially smaller vessels, such as resistance arteries, rather than larger vessels, as measured arterial stiffness remained unaltered in all study participants Gajendragadkar et al.
Kim et al. reported an independent, inverse association between circulating lycopene and brachial pulse wave velocity in healthy women, regardless of age, body mass index, smoking and drinking habits, menopause, blood pressure, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation Kim et al.
Reduced oxidative LDL changes may have an important contribution to arterial stiffness reduction due to lycopene Kim et al.
Another study, including healthy men revealed the benefits of lycopene on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, especially in subjects with an impaired endothelial function Kim et al. reported a decrease of systolic blood pressure and high sensitivity C reactive protein Kim et al.
The main biological mechanism by which lycopene reduces the risk and mortality of the metabolic syndrome , include the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effects, the ability to improve endothelial function, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile Tsitsimpikou et al.
An inverse relationship was found by Yeo et al. between lycopene level and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity Yeo et al. Higher serum carotenoid levels were associated not just with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, but also with fewer abnormal metabolic syndrome components.
A significant association between lycopene and the metabolic syndrome was described only for normal-weight and overweight participants, but not in obese patients, according to a study enrolling 13, subjects, probably related to an increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant ability, due to sequestration of lycopene in the adipose tissue and more important inflammation in obese Han et al.
On the other hand, daily tomato juice intake reduced waist circumference, cholesterol, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 inflammatory adipokine and increased adiponectin anti-inflammatory adipokine levels in 30 young, healthy Taiwanese females Li et al. Lycopene was shown to impair pro-inflammatory cytokine production, such as IL-6, IL-1b, and TNF-α, preventing insulin resistance Gouranton et al.
A large study, including middle-aged, overweight volunteers reported no changes of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammatory tests, insulin resistance and sensitivity, lipid profile, oxidized LDL, von Willebrand factor, and arterial stiffness after high daily intake of lycopene, despite good compliance Thies et al.
Several studies reported an association between serum lycopene levels and intima-media thickness Gianetti et al. Zou et al. revealed a decrease in carotid artery intima-media thickness IMT after 12 months of lutein and lycopene supplementation 20 mg each in Chinese patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, demonstrating more effective results after the intake of both lutein and lycopene compared to lutein alone Zou et al.
High serum levels of lycopene, alpha and beta-carotene were associated with a slow IMT progression during 7 years in a study including middle-aged men from Eastern Finland Karppi et al.
The association between lycopene level and IMT was mentioned in the scientific literature also for elderly Finish subjects Karppi et al. Higher carotenoids levels lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin; Figure 1 were correlated with reduced IMT progression over 18 months, in a study with middle-aged participants, free of cardiovascular symptoms at baseline.
Beta-carotene and lycopene levels were not significantly associated with IMT progression Dwyer et al. An inverse correlation was found in women between lycopene levels and IMT, independent of conventional risk factors, in a large study including 1, subjects McQuillan et al.
Several studies revealed the anti-atherosclerotic effect of lycopene McQuillan et al. The possible reasons for this obvious discrepancy are manifold and include methodological differences in the study designs, such as different lycopene sources, the use of food-frequency questionnaires, different intervention times, the methodology used to assess vascular function, measurement of blood, adipose or dietary lycopene.
Besides those, the use of unstandardized amounts of tomato food products, different modes of delivery, misclassification of overall tomato intake, combination of lycopene with other antioxidants, different processing procedures or eating behavior influenced by cultural and temporal patterns among different individuals, may influence the results Sesso et al.
Other carotenoids extracted from tomatoes could be also partially responsible for the effects attributed to lycopene Rao, This is underlined by a study that could not find beneficial effects for lycopene supplementation alone, but beneficial effects upon supplementation with tomato-based products Sesso et al.
Some studies did not consider dietary intake at all Yeo et al. The interaction flavanone metabolites—lycopene is difficult to assess, considering the rapid metabolization of the mentioned metabolites Habauzit et al. Duration of treatment, dose and bioavailability of lycopene, and vascular endpoint were also different in the studies published on this topic and might have influenced obtained results.
Several factors influence the bioavailability of lycopene, such as season, the processing of tomatoes, their origin, dimensions, shape, and the way they are consumed Gajendragadkar et al. Absorption of lycopene may be reduced by diets rich in fibers and in elderly people Kong et al.
The isomerization of lycopene is another source of variability. Fresh tomatoes contain lycopene in all-trans form Shi and Le Maguer, Several factors, including high temperatures, light, oxygen, acids, and metal ions enable isomerization of lycopene Kong et al.
Lycopene degradation occurs during thermal processing, mainly isomerization of all- trans to cis forms and oxidation Shi and Le Maguer, Dehydrated and powdered tomatoes have poor lycopene stability, depending of storage in a hermetically sealed atmosphere, and a significant increase of cis-isomers, giving the highest bioavailability of lycopene and higher ability to be incorporated in lipoproteins Shi and Le Maguer, ; Kong et al.
Uptake of cis lycopene is significantly higher than all trans-isomers Kong et al. Lycopene is very bioavailable in the presence of oil, especially in monounsaturated oils, other dietary fats and processed tomato products Shi and Le Maguer, ; Basu and Imrhan, ; Kong et al.
Lycopene can increase the antioxidant properties of vitamin C, E, polyphenols and beta-carotene in a synergistic way Kong et al. Supplementation with tomatoes, containing lycopene red tomatoes or not yellow tomatoes , showed a better antioxidant effect than lycopene alone, probably due to the synergistic effects of naturally occurring secondary metabolites in tomatoes Basu and Imrhan, ; Gitenay et al.
Grapefruits also include in their composition not just lycopene but also flavonoids, with several benefits, such as the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effect, improving vascular reactivity, reducing insulin resistance, decreasing arterial stiffness, LDL cholesterol, and blood pressure Habauzit et al.
These synergistic effects hamper assessment of quantitative and qualitative effects of lycopene as a dietary factor. Several studies included healthy participants or subjects with different disorders and cardiovascular risk factors Kong et al. Enrolling volunteers with established elevated risk markers for cardiovascular disorders may increase the probability of detecting changes, especially in short time studies Thies et al.
Also, several other uncontrolled or unidentified lifestyle factors or dietary constituents associated with cardiovascular disorders, may provide alternative explanations for the different study results Sesso et al.
Genetic factors remain unconsidered at all in all of the reviewed publications, although they are reported to strongly influence circulating concentrations of lycopene in different ethnicities Zubair et al.
Furthermore, plasma, adipose, and dietary carotenoids are not sufficiently correlated to be interchangeably Sesso et al. Most of the studies considered only tomatoes and tomato products as lycopene source.
It will be the aim of future human intervention studies to include other lycopene containing fruits such as watermelon, papaya, red grapefruits, and guava, and consider synergistic effects with other components and their importance in primary and secondary cardiovascular prophylaxis.
Benefits of lycopene should be especially considered in patients with high cardiovascular risk, statin intolerance, borderline hypertension, aspirin resistance, hyperactive platelets, vascular inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease, and its inclusion in combination therapies for the mentioned disorders, should be approached.
Further mechanistic research is needed to identify new targets for prevention and complementary treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
The present review supports the importance of lycopene in improving vascular function and in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disorders. The demonstrated effects of lycopene in view of cardiovascular health comprise its general antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities, the antiplatelet, anti-apoptotic and antihypertensive properties, the ability to improve endothelial function, the metabolic profile and ventricular remodeling, reduction of arterial stiffness as well as reduction of size of atherosclerotic plaque.
Lycopene exerts favorable effects in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and several other cardiovascular disorders, but sometimes conflicting results were obtained.
Clearly, more and better-designed studies will be necessary to improve our understanding of the positive effects of lycopene on vascular health and to elucidate the involved mechanisms on a molecular level.
Future cardiovascular disease prevention strategies might include lycopene-enriched products, lycopene supplementation and new combinations including lycopene. Future studies focused on dietary lycopene and its synergistic effects with other dietary components in different study populations, with elevated cardiovascular risk, are highly warranted and might enable development of functional foods useful in prevention and complementary treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
IM is the author of the first draft of the manuscript. DS, AC, CM, JH, and AA contributed toward revising the paper and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. All authors agreed on the finally submitted version of the manuscript. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The authors acknowledge the support by the Polish KNOW Leading National Research Centre Scientific Consortium Healthy Animal—Safe Food, decision of Ministry of Science and Higher Education No.
Abdel-Daim, M. Lycopene attenuates tulathromycin and diclofenac sodium-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. doi: PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Abushouk, A. Cardioprotective mechanisms of phytochemicals against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
Agarwal, S. Tomato lycopene and its role in human health and chronic diseases. PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Ahn, J. Lycopene inhibits hepatic steatosis via microRNAinduced downregulation of fatty acid-binding protein 7 in mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Res. Ahuja, K.
Effects of olive oil and tomato lycopene combination on serum lycopene, lipid profile, and lipid oxidation. Nutrition 22, — Aman, U. Tomato lycopene attenuates myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: electrocardiographic, biochemical and anti-apoptotic study.
Asian Pac. Anjos Ferreira, A. Effect of lycopene on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: an echocardiographic, histological and morphometrical assessment. Basic Clin. Atanasov, A. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: a review. Bae, J. Barrier protective effects of lycopene in human endothelial cells.
Bansal, P. Cardioprotective effect of lycopene in the experimental model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basu, A. Tomatoes versus lycopene in oxidative stress and carcinogenesis: conclusions from clinical trials.
Belovic, M. Tomato Solanum Lycopersicum L. processing main product juice and by-product pomace bioactivity potential measured as antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition.
Food Process. CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Blum, A. Tomato-rich Mediterranean diet does not modify inflammatory markers. Böhm, V. Lycopene and heart health. Burton-Freeman, B. Whole food versus supplement: comparing the clinical evidence of tomato intake and lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors.
Protective activity of processed tomato products on postprandial oxidation and inflammation: a clinical trial in healthy weight men and women. Cavalcante, J. Aortic stiffness: current understanding and future directions. Chen, L. Effects and mechanisms of lycopene on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Cheng, H. Lycopene and tomato and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epiedemiological evidence. Food Sci. Cooney, M. Improvement in the estimation of cardiovascular risk by carotid intima-medial thickness: a report from the Dublin Cardiohealth station study.
Costa-Rodrigues, J. Can lycopene be considered an effective protection against cardiovascular disease? Food Chem. Denniss, S. Effect of short-term lycopene supplementation and postprandial dyslipidemia on plasma antioxidants and biomarkers of endothelial health in young, healthy individuals.
Health Risk Manag. Dwyer, J. Progression of carotid intima-media thickness and plasma antioxidants: the Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study. Fantin, F. Abdominal obesity and subclinical vascular damage in the elderly. Figueroa, A.
Effects of watermelon supplementation on arterial stiffness and wave reflection amplitude in postmenopausal women. Menopause 20, — Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance.
Care 20, 92— Frederiksen, H. Dietary supplementation with an extract of lycopene-rich tomatoes does not reduce atherosclerosis in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits. Gajendragadkar, P. Effects of oral lycopene supplementation on vascular function in patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy volunteers: a randomised controlled trial.
PLoS ONE 9:e Gammone, M. Carotenoids: potential allies of cardiovascular health? Food Nutr. Gao, Y. Gianetti, J. Inverse association between carotid intima-media thickness and the antioxidant lycopene in atherosclerosis.
Heart J. Gitenay, D. Comparison of lycopene and tomato effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin E deficient rats. Goff, D. Jr, Lloyd-Jones, D. CrossRef Full Text. Gouranton, E. Lycopene inhibits proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in adipose tissue.
Habauzit, V. Flavanones protect from arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women consuming grapefruit juice for 6 mo: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.
Han, G. Higher serum lycopene is associated with reduced prevalence of hypertension in overweight or obese adults. Higher levels of serum lycopene are associated with reduced mortality in individuals with metabolic syndrome. The influence of BMI on the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome.
He, Q. Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary L-arginine supplementation. Amino Acids 37, — Lycopene attenuates inflammation and apoptosis in post-myocardial infarction remodeling by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway.
He, Y. Cell Longev. Heber, D. Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene. Hollman, P. The biological relevance of direct antioxidant effects of polyphenols for cardiovascular health in humans is not established.
Hong, M. Watermelon consumption improves inflammation and antioxidant capacity in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Hosseini, B. Hsu, Y. Characterizing the lipid-lowering effects and antioxidant mechanisms of tomato paste. Hu, M. Comparison of lycopene and fluvastatin effects on atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet in rabbits.
Nutrition 24, — Hung, C. Lycopene inhibits TNF-alpha-induced endothelial ICAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial adhesion.
Ito, Y. Cardiovascular disease mortality and serum carotenoid levels: a Japanese population-based follow-up study. Jobgen, W.
Regulatory role for the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates. Karagiannis, G. Integrative pathway dissection of molecular mechanisms of moxLDL-induced vascular smooth muscle phenotype transformation.
Inhibitory effects of lycopene on HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory responses in both cellular and animal models. Food Chem Toxicol.
Lycopene attenuates LPS-induced TNF-α secretion in macrophages and inflammatory markers in adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media. Mol Nutr Food Res. The inherent antioxidant activity of lycopene may contribute to immune system modulation 13 13 Zhang LX, Cooney RV, Bertram JS.
Carotenoids up-regulate connexin43 gene expression independent of their provitamin A or antioxidant properties. Cancer Res. Hypocholesterolemic effect of lycopene and beta-carotene is related to suppression of cholesterol synthesis and augmentation of LDL receptor activity in macrophages.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of lycopene against EIU-associated inflammation and oxidative stress in rats by histopathologic and biochemical analyses. Another aim was to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene to those of dexamethasone, which is currently the standard treatment for uveitis.
Lycopene was supplied by DSM Nutritional Products Istanbul, Turkey. Lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, MO, US and dexamethasone from Deva Pharmaceuticals Tekirdag, Turkey. Rat TNF-α, IL-6, and NO enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA kits were obtained from Ray Biotech Inc.
Norcross, GA, US , Diaclone Besançon cedex, France , and Cayman Chemical Inc. Ann Arbor, MI, US , respectively. This study was conducted on 28 healthy, week-old adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing g obtained from Dollvet Animal Laboratory Sanliurfa, Turkey , where the experiments were also performed.
The study was performed in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. The animals were allowed to acclimate under standard laboratory conditions h light; h dark in a room with controlled temperature 24 ± 3ºC for one week prior to experiments.
The animals had free access to water and were fed a standard commercial pellet diet ad libitum. Endotoxin-induced uveitis EIU was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of LPS μg dissolved in 0.
The dosing protocols were based on previous studies 15 15 Jin XH, Ohgami K, Shiratori K, Suzuki Y, Hirano T, Koyama Y, et al. Inhibitory effects of lutein on endotoxin-induced uveitis in Lewis rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Neurobiol Aging.
Lycopene suppresses ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. In the Vehicle Control group, vehicle 0. Twenty-four hours after LPS or final vehicle administration, eyes were examined under microscopy and enucleated.
The aqueous humor was collected from both eyes μl by anterior chamber puncture with a gauge needle under a surgical microscope.
To count infiltrating cells, the aqueous humor samples were suspended in an equal volume of Turk stain solution Merck, Darmstadt, Germany and examined by a hemocytometer under light microscopy.
The number of cells was obtained by averaging the results of four randomly chosen fields from each sample.
The aqueous humor samples were stored in ice water until testing, and cell counts were measured on the day of sample collection.
The microprotein level was measured by the Lowry method 18 18 Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. The concentrations of TNF-α, NO, and IL-6 were measured using commercially available rat ELISA kits.
The crystalline lens was removed from enucleated eyes due to the high glutathione concentration 19 19 Mérida S, Sancho-Tello M, Navea A, Almansa I, Muriach M, Bosch-Morell F.
An anti-interleukin-2 receptor drug attenuates T-helper 1 lymphocytes-mediated inflammation in an acute model of endotoxin-induced uveitis. PLoS One ;9 3 :e Ocular tissues were weighed, broken down into very small pieces and placed in empty glass tubes.
Then, 1 ml of mM KCl solution per gram of tissue was added to each tube, and all tissues were homogenized in a motor-driven homogenizer. The homogenate was centrifuged at 2, × g for 10 min at 4ºC 20 20 Rabus M, Demirbağ R, Sezen Y, Konukoğlu O, Yildiz A, Erel O, et al.
Plasma and tissue oxidative stress index in patients with rheumatic and degenerative heart valve disease. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. Total oxidant status TOS , total antioxidant status TAS , and oxidative stress index OSI were measured in supernatant and ocular tissue samples as described previously 21 21 Cakmak A, Soker M, Koc A, Aksoy N.
Prolidase activity and oxidative status in patients with thalassemia major. J Clin Lab Anal. Briefly, TAS was measured spectrophotometrically using a commercial kit Rel ® Assay Diagnostics Mega Tıp San.
ve Tic. TOS was also measured in samples spectrophotometrically using commercial kits Rel ® Assay Diagnostics, Mega Tıp San. OSI was defined as the percentage ratio of TOS to TAS. Clinical features of ocular inflammation were evaluated in both eyes 24 h after LPS or final vehicle injection using a slit lamp.
Severity was graded from 0 to 4 by an observer blind to treatment history as described previously 22 22 Pouvreau I, Zech JC, Thillaye-Goldenberg B, Naud MC, Van Rooijen N, de Kozak Y. Effect of macrophage depletion by liposomes containing dichloromethylene-diphosphonate on endotoxin-induced uveitis.
J Neuroimmunol. The clinical grading was defined as follows: Grade 0 was defined as no obvious inflammatory response, Grade 1 as discrete dilation of the iris and conjunctival vessels, Grade 2 as moderate dilation of the iris and conjunctival vessels with moderate flare in the anterior chamber, Grade 3 as intense iridal hyperemia with intense flare in the anterior chamber, and Grade 4 as the clinical signs of Grade 3 plus fibrinous exudation and miosis.
Routine tissue processing protocols were performed and tissues were embedded in paraffin. Three or five sections of 4- to 5-μm thickness were cut from each specimen and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histopathologic findings in the uveal structures and cornea were scored as described previously 23 23 Tilton RG, Chang K, Corbett JA, Misko TP, Currie MG, Bora NS, et al.
Endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat is attenuated by inhibition of nitric oxide production. Grade 0 was defined as normal tissue. Grade 3 was defined as heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells within the iris stroma, ciliary body, and the anterior chamber.
Grade 4 indicated heavy exudation of cells, dense protein aggregation in the anterior chamber, and inflammatory cell deposits on the corneal endothelium. Histopathologic analyses were performed by a single pathologist blinded to treatment history.
Biochemical and histopathological measurements are reported as mean ± standard deviation. All group data were compared by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare paired groups. A p -value less than 0. Data analyses were performed using the statistical software SPSS for Windows version Figure 1 Effects of lycopene on cell infiltration and protein accumulation in the aqueous humor following lipopolysaccharide LPS -induced uveitis.
All data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Figure 2 Effect of lycopene pretreatment on tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide NO , and interleukin-6 IL-6 concentrations in the aqueous humor following subcutaneous LPS injection.
Figure 3 Effect of lycopene pretreatment on oxidative stress index OSI in the aqueous humor following LPS injection.
Mean OSI in the ocular tissue was higher in the LPS-treated group than the Vehicle Control group 1. The clinical score 24 h after LPS injection was 3. Dexamethasone pretreatment also reduced the clinical score 1. Figure 4 Effect of lycopene on clinical manifestations of intraocular inflammation.
Ocular inflammation was evaluated by microscopic examination 24 h after lipopolysaccharide LPS injection.
No inflammatory reaction was observed in vehicle-treated controls A. Anterior segment examination revealed an inflammatory reaction consisting of hyperemia and edema associated with miosis and fibril formation in the anterior chamber following LPS B.
The inflammatory reaction was suppressed by pretreatment with lycopene C and by pretreatment with dexamethasone D. Lycopene pretreatment caused a significant improvement in clinical score compared to vehicle following LPS E.
All data shown as mean ± standard deviation. No infiltrating cells were detected in the ocular sections of the Vehicle Control group. Similarly, dexamethasone pretreatment significantly reduced histopathologic grade 0.
Figure 5 The effect of lycopene pretreatment on histopathological signs of intraocular inflammation following LPS. No inflammatory cells were observed in the Vehicle Control group A. Unclear Issues Regarding COVID By: Yuksel et al.
Relationship between Sarcopenia and Mortality in Elderly Inpatients By: Bayraktar et al. Bilateral Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome Associated with Silodosin Intake By: Ozcura and Irgat. The Protective Roles of Butein on Indomethacin Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice By: Ugan and Un.
Paraoxonase Activity and Phenotype Distribution in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease By: Sarioglu et al. Relationship between Diagnosis Period and Internal and External Air Quality in Patients with Tuberculosis By: Gulhan et al. Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs at the Molecular Level By: Gunaydin, Caner; Bilge, S.
Home A New Target in Inflammatory D A New Target in Inflammatory Diseases: Lycopene. Zeynep Karaköy 1 , Elif Cadirci 2 , Busra Dincer 1. Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan, Turkey 2.
Eurasian J Med ; Supplement SS
Venkata Naveen Kumar Aging healthily guide ajdElango P 1Anc S Aging healthily guide and Metabolism boosting herbs. kavimani inlfammation. Corresponding Author E-mail: Energy-saving recommendations Yahoo. Oxidative Lycopene and inflammation is an important Energy-saving recommendations factor for various diseases. Dietary znd of carotenoids like lycopene attenuates the oxidative stress in human beings, also widely distributed in fruits, vegetables like tomato, watermelon, and guava. Antioxidant, and a free radical scavenger property by its unique structure, it is believed to be primarily responsible for various biological effects, supported by sound scientific evidence. The Present systematic review outlines the currently available data on lycopene sources, structure, its absorption, and its beneficial role in chronic diseases.Video
The Benefits of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet - Julia Zumpano, RD, LD
Vollkommen
Welche nötige Phrase... Toll, die ausgezeichnete Idee
Entschuldigen Sie, dass ich Sie unterbreche, ich wollte die Meinung auch aussprechen.
ich Werde mich gönnen wird mit Ihnen nicht zustimmen