Energy Replenishment Methods Naturally EGCGG polyphenols are potent antioxidants. Based on their findings, anixety authors proposed Speeding up fat metabolism ECGC could play a useful therapeutic role for people suffering EEGCG a post-traumatic stress disorder. All stressors were randomly scheduled over a one-week period and repeated throughout the eight-week experiment Table 1 to ensure the unpredictability of the stressors. Research suggests EGCG may reduce low-density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol. EGCG has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing inflammatory cytokine production.

EGCG and anxiety -

Item added to your cart. Check out CONTINUE SHOPPING. Blayne Andrews. HOW EGCG MAKES YOU HEALTHIER, AND THE BEST WAYS TO TAKE IT. If you drink tea or have looked into its benefits, you might have stumbled across some of these benefits being attributed to something called EGCG.

EGCG is a plant compound that is generally most concentrated in green tea. It is also found in white, oolong, and black tea, as well as in small amounts in certain foods.

These positive effects of EGCG can be found in simple bags of green tea. What is EGCG? EGCG also known as epigallocatechingallate is the main and most significant green tea polyphenol. The benefits associated with tea consumption are believed to be due to this polyphenolic compound and other related green tea catechins.

EGCG is also a potent antioxidant that helps suppress inflammation by neutralizing free radicals. This is important because an increasing amount of evidence has shown that chronic inflammation causes and advances many common diseases.

EGCG has been shown to have cancer-protective effects. It achieves this through its interaction with a protein called p This protein is a gene that essentially creates blueprints for the creation of proteins involved with the death of cancer cells in healthy individuals.

Cancer itself knows how to turn this gene off so it can continue to grow. This weakens our own innate defense mechanism against cancer cells and gives them a more suitable environment to thrive. EGCG has also been shown to starve cancer cells by inhibiting a growth factor that promotes the formation of new blood vessels.

By inhibiting this, you can take away the fuel that these cells need to survive. Gage GJ, Kipke DR, Shain W Whole animal perfusion fixation for rodents. J Vis Exp e Article Google Scholar. Yankelevitch-Yahav R, Franko M, Huly A, Doron R The forced swim test as a model of depressive-like behavior.

Slattery DA, Cryan JF Using the rat forced swim test to assess antidepressant-like activity in rodents. Nat Protoc — Rao X, Huang X, Zhou Z, Lin X An improvement of the 2ˆ -delta delta CT method for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data analysis.

Biostat Bioinforma Biomath — PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Troubat R, Barone P, Leman S, Desmidt T, Cressant A, Atanasova B et al Neuroinflammation and depression: a review. Eur J Neurosci — Zhang R, Peng Z, Wang H, Xue F, Chen Y, Wang Y et al Gastrodin ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and up-regulates the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus and hippocampal-derived astrocyte of rats.

Neurochem Res — Duman RS, Monteggia LM A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry — Moodley KK, Chan D The hippocampus in neurodegenerative disease. Front Neurol Neurosci — Atun R Transitioning health systems for multimorbidity.

Lancet London, England — Otte C, Gold SM, Penninx BW, Pariante CM, Etkin A, Fava M et al Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers Gawali NB, Bulani VD, Gursahani MS, Deshpande PS, Kothavade PS, Juvekar AR Agmatine attenuates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety, depression-like behaviours and cognitive impairment by modulating nitrergic signalling pathway.

Brain Res — Huang HJ, Zhu XC, Han QQ, Wang YL, Yue N, Wang J et al Ghrelin alleviates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress in rodents. Koprdova R, Bögi E, Belovičová K, Sedláčková N, Okuliarová M, Ujházy E et al Chronic unpredictable mild stress paradigm in male Wistar rats: effect on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior.

Neuro Endocrinol Lett — CAS PubMed Google Scholar. López López AL, Escobar Villanueva MC, Brianza Padilla M, Bonilla Jaime H, Alarcón Aguilar FJ Chronic unpredictable mild stress progressively disturbs glucose metabolism and appetite hormones in rats.

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Neurobiol Stress — Gill H, Gill B, El-Halabi S, Chen-Li D, Lipsitz O, Rosenblat JD et al Antidepressant medications and weight change: a narrative review. Obesity Silver Spring, Md — Chatree S, Sitticharoon C, Maikaew P, Pongwattanapakin K, Keadkraichaiwat I, Churintaraphan M et al Epigallocatechin gallate decreases plasma triglyceride, blood pressure, and serum kisspeptin in obese human subjects.

Exp Biol Med Maywood — Li F, Gao C, Yan P, Zhang M, Wang Y, Hu Y et al EGCG reduces obesity and white adipose tissue gain partly through ampk activation in mice. Front Pharmacol Yang CS, Zhang J, Zhang L, Huang J, Wang Y Mechanisms of body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation by tea.

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Trends Pharmacol Sci — Unal G, Canbeyli R Psychomotor retardation in depression: a critical measure of the forced swim test. Behav Brain Res Can A, Dao DT, Arad M, Terrillion CE, Piantadosi SC, Gould TD The mouse forced swim test. Maramis MM, Mahajudin MS, Khotib J Impaired cognitive flexibility and working memory precedes depression: a rat model to study depression.

Neuropsychobiology — Holmes PV Rodent models of depression: reexamining validity without anthropomorphic inference. Crit Rev Neurobiol — Partyka A, Zagórska A, Kotańska M, Walczak M, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Knutelska J et al Antidepressant-like activity and safety profile evaluation of 1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4 3H,8H -dione derivatives as 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists.

PLoS ONE e World J Psychiatry — Shi W, Zhang S, Lu Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Li L T cell responses in depressed mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. Grippo AJ, Francis J, Beltz TG, Felder RB, Johnson AK Neuroendocrine and cytokine profile of chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia.

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Biochem Biophys Res Commun — Raison CL, Capuron L, Miller AH Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol — Tong L, Balazs R, Soiampornkul R, Thangnipon W, Cotman CW Interleukin-1 beta impairs brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced signal transduction.

Neurobiol Aging — Chen J, Lin X-D, Liu L-Y, Zhang W, Chen D-S, Dai B-J Protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate on depressive mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs — Zaletel I, Filipović D, Puškaš N Hippocampal BDNF in physiological conditions and social isolation.

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J Clin Psychiatry — Martinowich K, Lu B Interaction between BDNF and serotonin: role in mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology — Shirayama Y, Chen AC, Nakagawa S, Russell DS, Duman RS Brain-derived neurotrophic factor produces antidepressant effects in behavioral models of depression.

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Tsukahara T, Masuhara M, Iwai H, Sonomura T, Sato T Repeated stress-induced expression pattern alterations of the hippocampal chloride transporters KCC2 and NKCC1 associated with behavioral abnormalities in female mice.

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J Neurochem — Menard C, Bastianetto S, Quirion R Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate polyphenols are mediated by the activation of protein kinase C gamma. Front Cell Neurosci Download references. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, , Egypt. Nabila E. Abdelmeguid, Tasneem M. Hammad, Ashraf M. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt.

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Reprints and permissions. Abdelmeguid, N. et al. Effect of Epigallocatechingallate on Stress-Induced Depression in a Mouse Model: Role of Interleukin-1β and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

Neurochem Res 47 , — Download citation. Received : 13 March Revised : 02 July Accepted : 20 July Published : 08 August Issue Date : November Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download PDF. Abstract Epigallocatechin 3-gallate EGCG is a natural polyphenolic antioxidant in green tea leaves with well-known health-promoting properties.

Ethanol extract of Rehmannia glutinosa exerts antidepressant-like effects on a rat chronic unpredictable mild stress model by involving monoamines and BDNF Article 22 February Ishige foliacea ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in stress hormone treated mice Article Open access 20 December Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Introduction Major depressive disorder MDD is considered to be a major contributing factor to health-related disability and a risk factor for suicide [ 1 ]. Chemicals and Reagents EGCG powder purity Stress Model Mice of the four test groups excluding the controls were housed in individual cages and exposed to the CUMS protocol for 8 weeks [ 30 ].

Table 1 The CUMS protocol-induced depression mouse model Full size table. Full size image. Results EGCG Ameliorates the Negative Effect of CUMS on Body Weight The data in Table 2 depict the body weights of mice under different treatments. Table 2 Effect of EGCG and Anafranil on body weights in CUMS-exposed mice Full size table.

Discussion To date, MDD is considered to be the second highest contributor to chronic disease burden among all chronic medical cases [ 42 ]. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate that treatment with EGCG can decrease the immobility time in the FST i.

Open Access Government. Government Health Environment Agriculture Energy Research Transport Education Finance Workplace Technology North America Asia. A new study in the Journal of Medicinal Food has investigated whether the contents of a cup of green tea could have specific calming properties after a stressful experience.

The presence of natural polyphenols, such as the antioxidant EGCG present in green tea plus those seen in black tea, have been linked with a number of beneficial effects, including heart health, gut health and even weight management2.

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Dealing with stress anxieety be anxisty daily Ginger for some people but extreme Replenish body scrub can cause a condition known as post-traumatic EGCG and anxiety disorder Anxjety. A new laboratory Replenish body scrub snxiety vivo anf been carried out to try to understand whether components of green tea can help with PTSD. In particular, an antioxidant polyphenol found in green tea, a catechin, known as epigallocatechingallate EGCGhas been shown to help relieve symptoms of anxiety and depression. The study found that a single prolonged stress event caused an impairment in cognitive function. However, when EGCG was given daily for 14 days after stress, the impairment improved. Raspberry-infused beverages gallate EGCG is a EGCG and anxiety of plant Annd called a EGCCG. Catechins are part of a larger group of plant compounds polyphenols associated with health benefits. EGCG has the following properties:. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, EGCG has been studied for its potential benefits for the following:. Still, more research is needed.

EGCG and anxiety -

These results show that EGCG considerably decreased the inflammatory response after CUMS challenge. ELISA results showing the effect of EGCG and Anafranil on the production of serum IL-1β by the immune system in CUMS-exposed mice.

Chronic stress and depression are known to impair BDNF synthesis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex [ 39 , 40 ]. With this in mind, we examined the possible involvement of BDNF in the antidepressant effect induced by EGCG in CUMS mice. Using qRT—PCR, BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus was recorded and quantified in all experimental groups Fig.

As expected, we found that the BDNF mRNA level was Notably, CUMS-exposed mice treated with EGCG showed a significantly increased expression level of BDNF approx. by fold when compared with the CUMS group. The efficacy of Anafranil in rescuing BDNF levels was superior to that of EGCG.

CUMS mice treated with Anafranil expressed a higher BDNF level approx. by fold in the hippocampus when compared with the CUMS-exposed mice. qRT—PCR results showing the effect of EGCG and Anafranil on the hippocampal BDNF level in CUMS-exposed mice.

Hippocampal damage is a direct reflection of neurodegeneration [ 41 ]. In our study, hippocampal pyramidal neurons demonstrated a normal ultrastructure image with no signs of apoptosis. In the nucleus, there was finely dispersed chromatin and a regular bilaminar nuclear envelope Fig.

Normal myelinated fibers in the control group were surrounded by regular and tightly wrapped myelin sheaths around axoplasm elements Fig. As seen in Fig. However, in the CUMS group, a large number of pyramidal neurons showed the structural hallmarks of apoptosis, featuring cell shrinkage, scattered areas of condensed nuclear chromatin, and deformed nuclear envelopes Fig.

The cytoplasm contained swollen edematous mitochondria and dilated rER cisternae with many ribosomes felt off Fig.

Mice exposed to CUMS exhibited several myelin defects, such as loss of lamellar structure i. Many axons appeared with irregular outlines and revealed extensive vacuolation. Myelin sheath injury was less evident in CUMS mice that received EGCG, and the myelinated fibers mostly showed a regular arrangement of myelin Fig.

Furthermore, EGCG ameliorated some of the synaptic abnormalities identified in the CUMS group Fig. Likewise, the characteristics of neuronal degeneration induced by CUMS were reduced to some extent after treatment with Anafranil Fig. In this group, however, rER alterations were still found, as indicated by dilatation and degranulation Fig.

In some neurons, CUMS-induced injuries of myelin sheaths were maintained by Anafranil Fig. Representative TEM micrographs illustrating the impact of EGCG on hippocampal CA3 neuronal ultrastructure in CUMS-exposed mice.

In the control group, the hippocampal CA3 neurons exhibit a normal cell body, with intact organelles and well-formed myelin sheaths and synaptic elements. In the CUMS group, neuronal degeneration changes include cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and condensation red circle.

The mitochondria and rER have abnormal morphology, and myelinated nerve fibers are deformed. In addition, hippocampal CA3 synapses depict a decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles and degenerated mitochondria with destroyed cristae, and the synaptic cleft is unclear.

However, after EGCG treatment, these signs of degeneration are comparatively lessened. An ameliorative effect is also observed following the application of the reference drug Anafranil in CUMS mice. Arrowheads indicate synapses, arrows show loss of myelin lamellae, ax: axoplasm, Ly: lysosomal bodies, m: mitochondria, MF: myelinated fiber, MS: myelin sheath, N: nucleus, rER: rough endoplasmic reticulum.

To date, MDD is considered to be the second highest contributor to chronic disease burden among all chronic medical cases [ 42 ]. Not only is it linked to an increased chance of developing many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke, but also patients with MDD are 20 times more likely to commit suicide than the healthy population [ 43 ].

Recent investigations have used CUMS as a reliable in vivo model to assess MDD and its major symptoms, such as anhedonia and depressive behaviors [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Several studies have illustrated the negative effect of the CUMS protocol on the body weight and appetite of experimental animals, and this weight loss has been reported to be reversed using antidepressant drugs [ 47 , 48 , 49 ].

Data obtained in the current study showed that periodic measurements of the body weight of the animals were in accordance with these previous findings. However, treatment with EGCG did not significantly modify the weight loss in comparison with the CUMS animal model on D These results are consistent with a recent study by Zhu et al.

However, the effects of EGCG on reduced adiposity and improved metabolic profiles are still controversial [ 51 ]. Data from another study showed that EGCG supplementation for 20 weeks may be effective in reducing obesity and adipose tissue mass in mice [ 52 ].

The proposed mechanisms of EGCG on body weight involve its negative action on intestinal lipid and protein absorption, thus increasing calorie loss besides its enhancement of lipid metabolism via AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK in white fat [ 52 , 53 ].

Here, to assess depression-like behaviors in mice, the FST was used to confirm the establishment of the CUMS model [ 54 ]. A strong body of evidence has supported the idea that chronic stress induced for a short period of time results in an increase in the immobility time of experimental animals [ 55 , 56 ].

This finding is consistent with our work. Despite certain limitations, FST is an effective tool for measuring the pharmacological effects of antidepressants or changes in stress-evoked behavior in preclinical experiments, and it has been extensively used in the field of behavioral neuroscience [ 57 , 58 ].

However, even if the FST has predictive validity to evaluate responses to antidepressants, one should always consider that the FST is not a full spectrum analog of human depression [ 59 , 60 ], and it assesses only one aspect of depressed mood, i. According to previous studies, this behavior might reflect a remarkable adaptation that allows animals to survive in a undesirable situation without unnecessary energy expenditure [ 61 ].

However, these concerns should not preclude the usefulness of FST as a suitable screening test in the preliminary search for novel compounds with potential antidepressant activity [ 62 ].

Our data indicated that EGCG significantly decreased the immobility time during the FST, reversing the despair behavior caused by CUMS. EGCG seemed to have a beneficial effect on mood. Since inflammation has been proposed to promote the development of depressive mood episodes [ 63 ], we assessed the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.

The results showed that a CUMS protocol application for 8 weeks 56 days resulted in a significant increase in mouse serum IL-1β concentration, which is in line with previous studies [ 7 , 64 , 65 ].

Furthermore, the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 have been reported to be raised in rodents that exhibited a depression-like phenotype [ 66 ]. The effects of peripheral inflammation or immunological challenges do not remain in the periphery and may disrupt the brain blood barrier BBB , allowing monocytes and cytokines to infiltrate through leaky regions of the BBB or through active transport systems [ 67 ].

Upon entering the brain, IL-1β is believed to be involved in compromising BDNF-mediated functions such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival [ 68 ]. In our study, EGCG significantly decreased the IL-1β serum concentration, indicating that it might elicit its antidepressant effect by reducing the inflammatory cytokine concentration.

This finding is supported by the work of Chen et al. Chronic stress causes downregulation of BDNF protein and mRNA in the hippocampus [ 70 ], which may induce depressive pathology [ 71 , 72 ]. Classical antidepressants e. Moreover, direct infusion of BDNF into the hippocampus has shown antidepressant-like effects and decreased immobility in the FST [ 74 ].

In our study, RT—PCR quantification indicated a marked diminution of hippocampal BDNF mRNA in CUMS mice, which was significantly reversed after treatment with EGCG, suggesting that EGCG may exert neuroprotective and antidepressant effects, at least in part, through BDNF-related pathways, though the detailed mechanism requires future clarification.

EGCG promotes neuronal development and synaptogenesis within the CNS, probably due to its ability to activate CREB [ 75 ], as BDNF is a target for the CREB transcription factor family [ 76 ].

So far, publications have not used TEM to analyze the in vivo effects of EGCG on CA3 neuronal alterations induced by CUMS. We showed that the subcellular pathology within the hippocampus of CUMS-exposed mice appeared mostly severe, with CA3 neurons featuring nuclear karyopyknosis apoptosis , axonal demyelination and synaptic damage.

These results are in line with previous studies [ 77 , 78 , 79 ], indicating that CA3 area is vulnerable to stress. In addition, in our research, we found that EGCG relieved the CA3 neuronal disorders in CUMS mice, corroborating earlier reports exploring the beneficial role of EGCG against neurodegenerative structural changes in the hippocampus [ 80 , 81 ].

It has also been shown that in vitro administration of 0. Moreover, Menard et al. Taken together, our results indicate that treatment with EGCG can decrease the immobility time in the FST i.

The present findings show that the antidepressant-like effect of EGCG is associated with an inhibitory action on systemic IL-1β, increased BDNF mRNA levels in the hippocampus and reduced neurologic injury caused by CUMS Fig. Some limitations of this study need to be addressed later.

Here, we focused on BDNF mRNA, and it may be beneficial to investigate whether BDNF protein isoforms, i. Our model may have applications for the development of herbal and safe therapy for MDD; however, to provide more robust evidence, additional research is needed to elaborate the effects of varied EGCG loads i.

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Behavioral tests indicated that EGCG exerted both anxiolytic and amnesic effects just like the benzodiazepine drug, chlordiazepoxide. Indeed, EGCG in a dose-dependent manner both increased the time spent in open arms of the plus-maze and decreased the step-down latency in the passive avoidance test.

GABA A negative modulator beta-CCM antagonized EGCG-induced amnesia. Finally, state-dependent learning was observable after chlordiazepoxide and EGCG administration using a modified passive avoidance procedure.

Optimal retention was observed only when animals were trained and tested in the same state veh-veh or drug-drug and significant retrieval alteration was observed in different states veh-drug or drug-veh.

Moreover, EGCG and chlordiazepoxide fully generalized in substitution studies, indicating that they induced indistinguishable chemical states for the brain. Therefore, our data support that EGCG can induce anxiolytic activity which could result from an interaction with GABA A receptors.

Abstract Naturally occurring polyphenols are potent antioxidants. Publication types Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.

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