Digestive system function -
Your large intestine absorbs water, minerals and vitamins. Undigested fibre is mixed with mucus and bacteria, which breaks down some of the fibre to keep the large intestine healthy.
Solid bowel motions faeces, or poo are formed and stay in the last part of the large intestine the rectum before leaving the body through the anus as a bowel movement.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease GORD is when stomach content moves from the stomach back up the oesophagus. Because it is acidic, it causes a burning sensation in the chest or throat.
Diverticulosis is the formation of abnormal pouches in the lower part of the large intestine, and diverticulitis is when these pouches become inflamed or infected.
Diverticulosis is common from the age of 40 years and above. Around one in every 2 people over the age of 70 years have the condition. Stomach ulcers or peptic ulcers can be found in the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine.
Helicobacter pylori H. pylori bacterium causes most stomach ulcers. Haemorrhoids are itchy or painful lumps of swollen veins in and around the anus. Haemorrhoids can cause bleeding and pain. You might notice bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet.
Haemorrhoids are diagnosed by a doctor examining the anus and anal canal. You should speak to your doctor if you have any concerns, pain of discomfort with your digestion. See your doctor immediately if you:. You can help prevent digestive system problems by leading a healthy lifestyle. This might include the following:.
Visit the Gastroenterological Society of Australia GESA website for resources on digestive health and disease. You can also call the healthdirect helpline on known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria. A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
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The digestive tract can be thought of as a long muscular tube with digestive organs attached along the way. Read more on Better Health Channel website. Diverticular disease is a common disorder of the digestive system. But a high-fibre diet, being active and drinking plenty of water can help.
Read more on Dietitians Australia website. Cystic fibrosis CF is an inherited disease that mostly affects the lungs and digestive system.
Find out more about symptoms and treatments here. Cystic fibrosis CF is a genetic condition that affects the lungs, digestive system and sweat glands.
Children with CF need specialised care through life. Read more on raisingchildren. au website. Hepatitis B is a viral infection that can lead to serious disease of the liver. It is the most common liver infection in the world. The liver is an important part of the body's digestive system and performs functions such as digesting fats and filtering toxins.
Read more on Family Planning Australia website. Surgical Treatment: Surgery for IBD sometimes requires surgery as a means of controlling symptoms or dealing with IBD-related complications. Read more on Mindovergut. com website. Constipation is when your bowel motions take more effort than usual and your stools can be small and hard.
Find out what products are available for constipation. Read more on myDr website. Treatment for heartburn will depend on how often your heartburn occurs and how much it impacts on your life. Treatments include antacids, medicines or surgery, as well as self-help measures. Constipation is the passing of hard, dry bowel motions stools that may be infrequent or difficult to pass.
Dietary tips for managing constipation. Read more on Continence Foundation of Australia website. Authors' conclusions: This review identified some evidence for the benefit of postoperative CG in improving recovery of GI function.
Read more on Cochrane Australia website. Chronic fatigue syndrome CFS , also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis ME , is a complex, chronic neurological condition affecting the brain, muscles, digestive system, immune system, cardiac system and other areas of the body.
Read more on Ausmed Education website. Read more on Australian Prescriber website. Dysphagia difficulty swallowing is expected in the terminal phase and often subcutaneous medicines are required.
The subcutaneous route is used for ease of access, efficacy and safety. As peristalsis continues, the waste products of the digestive process move into the large intestine. Large intestine. Waste products from the digestive process include undigested parts of food, fluid, and older cells from the lining of your GI tract.
The large intestine absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool. Peristalsis helps move the stool into your rectum. The lower end of your large intestine, the rectum, stores stool until it pushes stool out of your anus during a bowel movement. Watch this video to see how food moves through your GI tract.
As food moves through your GI tract, your digestive organs break the food into smaller parts using:. The digestive process starts in your mouth when you chew. Your salivary glands make saliva , a digestive juice, which moistens food so it moves more easily through your esophagus into your stomach.
Saliva also has an enzyme that begins to break down starches in your food. After you swallow, peristalsis pushes the food down your esophagus into your stomach. Glands in your stomach lining make stomach acid and enzymes that break down food. Muscles of your stomach mix the food with these digestive juices.
Your pancreas makes a digestive juice that has enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The pancreas delivers the digestive juice to the small intestine through small tubes called ducts. Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile that helps digest fats and some vitamins.
Bile ducts carry bile from your liver to your gallbladder for storage, or to the small intestine for use. Your gallbladder stores bile between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder squeezes bile through the bile ducts into your small intestine.
Your small intestine makes digestive juice, which mixes with bile and pancreatic juice to complete the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Bacteria in your small intestine make some of the enzymes you need to digest carbohydrates.
Your small intestine moves water from your bloodstream into your GI tract to help break down food. Your small intestine also absorbs water with other nutrients. In your large intestine, more water moves from your GI tract into your bloodstream.
Bacteria in your large intestine help break down remaining nutrients and make vitamin K. Waste products of digestion, including parts of food that are still too large, become stool. The small intestine absorbs most of the nutrients in your food, and your circulatory system passes them on to other parts of your body to store or use.
Special cells help absorbed nutrients cross the intestinal lining into your bloodstream. Your blood carries simple sugars, amino acids, glycerol, and some vitamins and salts to the liver.
Your liver stores, processes, and delivers nutrients to the rest of your body when needed. The lymph system , a network of vessels that carry white blood cells and a fluid called lymph throughout your body to fight infection, absorbs fatty acids and vitamins.
Your body uses sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol to build substances you need for energy, growth, and cell repair. Your hormones and nerves work together to help control the digestive process. Signals flow within your GI tract and back and forth from your GI tract to your brain.
Cells lining your stomach and small intestine make and release hormones that control how your digestive system works. These hormones tell your body when to make digestive juices and send signals to your brain that you are hungry or full. Your pancreas also makes hormones that are important to digestion.
You have nerves that connect your central nervous system—your brain and spinal cord—to your digestive system and control some digestive functions.
For example, when you see or smell food, your brain sends a signal that causes your salivary glands to "make your mouth water" to prepare you to eat. You also have an enteric nervous system ENS —nerves within the walls of your GI tract.
When food stretches the walls of your GI tract, the nerves of your ENS release many different substances that speed up or delay the movement of food and the production of digestive juices.
The nerves send signals to control the actions of your gut muscles to contract and relax to push food through your intestines. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIDDK and other components of the National Institutes of Health NIH conduct and support research into many diseases and conditions.
Watch a video of NIDDK Director Dr. Griffin P. Rodgers explaining the importance of participating in clinical trials. Clinical trials that are currently open and are recruiting can be viewed at www.
This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIDDK , part of the National Institutes of Health. NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public.
Content produced by NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts. English English Español. Anatomic Problems of the Lower GI Tract Show child pages. Appendicitis Show child pages. Barrett's Esophagus Show child pages. Bowel Control Problems Fecal Incontinence Show child pages.
Celiac Disease Show child pages. Chronic Diarrhea in Children Show child pages. Colon Polyps Show child pages. Constipation Show child pages.
Constipation in Children Show child pages. Crohn's Disease Show child pages. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome Show child pages. Diarrhea Show child pages. Diverticular Disease Show child pages. Dumping Syndrome Show child pages.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency EPI Show child pages. Food Poisoning Show child pages. Gallstones Show child pages. Gas in the Digestive Tract Show child pages. Gastrointestinal GI Bleeding Show child pages.
Gastroparesis Show child pages.
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