Breakfast skipping and sleep quality -
Dashti , Hassan S. Dashti , Jordi Merino , Jordi Merino , Jacqueline M. Lane , Jacqueline M. Lane , Yanwei Song , Yanwei Song , Caren E. Smith , Toshiko Tanaka , Nicola M. McKeown , Chandler Tucker , Dianjianyi Sun , Traci M. Bartz , Ruifang Li-Gao , Hoirun Nisa , Sirimon Reutrakul , Rozenn N.
Lemaitre , Tahani Alshehri , Renée de Mutsert , Lydia A. Bazzano , Lu Qi , Lu Qi , Lu Qi , Kristen L. Knutson , Bruce M. Psaty , Bruce M. Psaty , Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori , Vesna Boraska Perica , Marian L. Neuhouser , Frank A.
Scheer , Frank A. Scheer , Martin K. Rutter , Martin K. My columns. Related Questions What are the effects of eating breakfast on student performance? Students who eat breakfast regularly have higher academic performance compared to those who do not have breakfast.
Regular breakfast consumption is associated with higher cognitive test scores and better performance in subjects such as mathematics, science, and language. Schools that offer universal free breakfast programs have higher test scores and reduced conflict outcomes, including fights, substance abuse, and truancy.
Eating breakfast has positive effects on cognitive performance, academic achievement, quality of life, well-being, and morbidity risk factors. Overall, eating breakfast has short-term and long-term positive effects on student performance and well-being.
What are the effects of skipping breakfast on physical well-being, emotional well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being?
Physically, breakfast skipping has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure and glycaemic and lipid indices. It has also been linked to low physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and high TV time in adolescents.
In terms of emotional well-being, breakfast skipping has been found to be longitudinally associated with declines in cognitive score among older adults.
Psychologically, breakfast skipping has been associated with worse cognitive performance, malnutrition, and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Socially, regular breakfast consumption has been identified as a vital component of healthy lifestyles among youth, reducing the risk of developing unhealthy behaviors and obesity.
Therefore, skipping breakfast can have negative effects on physical, emotional, psychological, and social well-being. What is the relationship between breakfast and student learning? Several studies have shown that students who regularly have breakfast tend to have higher levels of learning concentration and cognitive functioning.
In addition, breakfast consumption has been associated with improved attentiveness, response time, and alertness among college students. The importance of breakfast in supporting brain performance and the learning process has also been highlighted.
However, it is worth noting that the relationship between breakfast habits and learning achievement may vary depending on the specific study population. For example, one study found no significant relationship between breakfast habits and learning achievement among nursing students.
Overall, the evidence suggests that having a regular breakfast can positively impact student learning outcomes. What does dr david ludwig say about breakfast?
David Ludwig's views on breakfast are not mentioned in the provided abstracts. Is breakfast good for health? Breakfast consumption can lead to better macronutrient intake and healthier food and beverage consumption. It has also been linked to improvements in attention, cognitive function, and body weight control.
At the same time, different forms of energy expenditure such as exercise may also affect the energy balance through energy expenditure.
The relationship between dietary intake and energy balance may be related to circadian rhythms 5. Research shows that 7 SIRT1 gene is associated with circadian rhythm, and the activity of protein can be regulated through BMAL1 dysplasia process to influence the lipid metabolism and sugar.
At the same time, circadian dysrhythmization increases postprandial ghrelin levels and decreases leptin levels, leading to the risk of weight gain 8.
The duration of feeding is closely related to the expression of genes involved in circadian rhythm, and irregular eating can also affect the stability of diet-related clock oscillators located in peripheral tissues of the central nervous system 9.
Spruyt et al. Short sleep duration is a risk factor for overweight in a cohort study of type 2 diabetes mellitus It can be concluded that both dietary intake and sleep affect circadian rhythm adjustment.
And overweight is one possible consequence of the altered circadian rhythms. Most previous studies have focused on the single effects of dietary intake and sleep on overweight, and few have included physical activity factors, which may also affect circadian rhythms.
Considering that breakfast is the first meal after a long fast compared to other meal times, it may be particularly important in influencing circadian rhythms 2.
Compared with students at other stages, graduate students have more academic pressure and mental pressure, so the overwork, irregular work and rest, obesity, sleep disorders, psychological problems of graduate students are more prominent. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of sleep duration in the association between irregular breakfast intake and overweight and obesity in postgraduates.
We used different methods to define overweight, and the results were stratified according to frequency of outdoor activity.
A stratified cluster sampling method was used in this study. Specifically, all graduate students in Qingdao University were stratified according to grade, and 8 classes were randomly selected from each class, and all students in the whole class were selected as the research objects.
During the research process, we sought the opinions of the school, and after obtaining the consent, we contacted the class teachers and student representatives.
After obtaining their cooperation, we summoned all the students in the sampled classes to publicize our research project to the students. Finally, according to the arrangement of the head teacher and the student representative, the questionnaire collection was completed in batches.
A total of 1, students including females and males were enrolled in this study. After obtaining informed consent, a face-to-face questionnaire was completed to collect anthropometric indicators It is filled in by the students themselves and basic information forms, including a lifestyle and physical activity questionnaire This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Hospital of Shandong Province and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with the approval numbers of KYLL and QYFYWZLL, respectively.
The effective sample size was 1,, consisting of boys and girls Figure 1. An adjusted version of the standard food frequency questionnaire FFQ was administered to evaluate dietary intakes. The questionnaire included eight main food groups and food varieties adapted to the Chinese diet.
Food models and food maps were used to assist in the completion of dietary questionnaires. Average daily energy intake levels for each individual were obtained from the FFQ.
The eating habits questionnaire included the eating time of three meals a day, the duration of each meal, whether to eat midnight snacks after dinner, and whether to watch videos during meals. For breakfast, we designed the type of breakfast, how much money to buy breakfast, where to eat breakfast and whether parents value breakfast.
Late-night snacks were defined as meals eaten after dinner in the evening, and any food consumed after dinner was considered a late-night snack. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index PSQI 13 was used to assess the overall sleep quality of the study subjects.
It was developed in by Buysse et al. It is by far the most widely used sleep quality assessment tool It consists of 18 items consisting of 7 components, each of which is scored on a scale of 0—3, and the cumulative score of each component is the total PSQI score. The total score ranged from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality.
A score of 0—5 is defined as very good sleep quality, 6—10 as good sleep quality, 11—15 as fair sleep quality and 16—21 as very poor sleep quality. Participants were told that the duration of sleep did not include periods of lying awake in bed.
The physical activity questionnaire included the number of outdoor activities per week, the time of each activity, etc. Among them, effective outdoor activity was defined as spontaneous physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity that required moderate to substantial effort and resulted in significantly increased heart rate or shortness of breath.
Such as fast walking, dancing, running, climbing, swimming, skipping rope, football, volleyball, basketball and so on. For data collection, height and weight were self-reported by students.
Waist and hip circumference were obtained at the physical examination center with the consent of schools, teachers and students themselves. BMI was used to assess both normal The definitions of overweight by waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio refer to previous literature and are adjusted according to the actual situation in China 16 , For WHR, obesity was defined as greater than 0.
The enumerated data is represented by frequencies and the differences between groups are compared using a chi-square test. We used Pearson correlation and binary logistic regression to analyze the relationship between breakfast consumption regularity and excess weight.
The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the proportion of obese people in different breakfast frequency groups. Based on the theory of mediating effects proposed by Baron and Kenny Causal stepwise regression test 18 — 20 , sleep duration was considered as a mediator factor M , usual breakfast consumption frequency X was considered as an independent variable, and overweight were considered as a dependent variable Y for mediating the effect analysis.
The specific steps are as follows: first, analyze the regression of X to Y and test the significance of regression coefficient c; Second, the regression from X to M is analyzed and the significance of the regression coefficient a is tested.
Linear regression models were used to analyze the mediation effects, which were subsequently evaluated using the Sobel method. Figure 2. Model of the potential mediating effect of sleep duration on the relationship between usual breakfast consumption frequency of college students and overweight.
The characteristics of the study population, stratified by breakfast consumption frequency, are shown in Table 1. In short, In addition, both those who never ate breakfast and those who ate breakfast daily reported lower BMI than those who ate breakfast 1—3 times a week.
Then, those who ate breakfast daily had more weekly outdoor exercise and fewer late-night snacks than the other groups. Shown in Figure 3. Table 1. Characteristics of study population stratified by breakfast consumption frequency. Figure 3. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in different breakfast frequency groups, with overweight defined by waist circumference A , waist-hip ratio B and BMI C , respectively.
According to the PSQI scoring rules Figure 4 , The overall PSQI sleep score was 4. The study showed that those who ate breakfast daily had significantly lower PSQI scores than the other groups, with those who ate breakfast 1—3 times a week having the highest mean PSQI scores.
We found an association between the duration of sleep and BMI, but not statistically significant between the time of sleep onset and BMI. Shown in Figures 5 , 6. Figure 4. Distribution of overweight and obesity in different PSQI scores overweight assessed by BMI.
Figure 5. Using BMI to define overweight resulted in the highest prevalence This association persisted after adjusting for sex and age. In addition, all three overweight determination methods showed the same results shown in Table 2.
Binary logistic regression analysis was performed with overweight as the dependent variable, breakfast frequency as the independent variable, and daily breakfast frequency as the reference level.
When BMI was used to define overweight, the results showed that the likelihood of overweight was This effect persisted after adjusting for sex and age.
The results are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Binary logistics regression analysis of breakfast consumption regularity and overweight in college students under different definitions of overweight. We used a causal stepwise regression test to model the mediating effect of sleep duration on the association between frequency of regular breakfast consumption and overweight.
We further adjusted for age and gender model 2 and yielded the same results. The relevant results are shown in Figure 1 and Table 4. Table 4. The mediating effect of sleep duration on the Relationship between usual breakfast consumption frequency of college students and overweight. The mediating effect of sleep duration on the association between frequency of regular breakfast consumption and overweight was stratified by frequency of outdoor activity.
The results are shown in Table 5. In previous studies 21 — 23 , the prevalence of unhealthy eating habits and overweight among college students has been increasing worldwide.
In Canada, the prevalence of overweight was These are, respectively, higher than the results of the present study. In a study on Shandong Province China 24 , the prevalence of overweight was higher A study of U.
This suggests that overweight among college students remains a social problem that needs to be urgently addressed. The present study showed that people with regular breakfast consumption habits, including never eating breakfast and eating breakfast every day, had lower mean BMI than those who ate breakfast 1—3 times per week, which is consistent with the results of previous studies 2 , 27 , In theory, people who eat breakfast every day should have the highest energy intake and correspondingly the highest weight, but in reality they weigh smaller.
At the same time, those who ate breakfast daily spent more time outdoors and ate fewer late night snacks per week, suggesting that normal lifestyle habits are beneficial for weight loss In this study, The overall PSQI score was 4.
In previous studies 36 , short sleep duration and unhealthy eating habits were related to overweight, respectively. This study explored the mediating effect of sleep and showed that the duration of sleep is a sufficient mediator of the effect of breakfast consumption on obesity.
Sleep duration, as an essential component of the circadian rhythm, may affect fatty metabolism, energy expenditure, and may also have an effect on eating behavior through the circadian rhythm itself. However, the results from a Japanese cohort study showed that 37 skipping breakfast and short sleep time have nothing to do with the prevalence of male obesity, but are related to female obesity.
For this result, we still think that there may be differences in sleep habits between men and women. There are also differences in circadian rhythm and energy balance caused by different sleep habits.
So whether different sleep habits can change the circadian rhythm of the body is still a problem worth studying. It has been suggested that 38 staying up late with insomnia may cause adolescents to consume additional carbohydrates and fats, most likely to gain weight.
However, our study did not show a statistically significant association between the time of sleep onset and BMI. The specific underlying mechanisms require additional investigation.
In previous studies 40 , exercise significantly improved sleep efficiency. Our study may suggest that adequate amounts of exercise are required to have an effective effect on sleep. In fact, numerous scholars also emphasize the importance of regular exercise 41 , Regular exercise may improve sleep quality by increasing the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factors 43 and increase skeletal muscle fatty oxidation This also shows the importance of sticking to exercise and regular lifestyle habits.
There are some limitations in our analysis that should be noted, such as the possible sampling error due to the selection of subjects from only one school.
In addition, the strength of our study cancels out the possibility of error due to the small number of people classified as obese. The inclusion of subjects with good homogeneity, similar ages, and consistent living environments also excluded some potential confounding factors for our study.
In conclusion, this study suggests that short evening sleep duration may be the main cause of overweight caused by irregular breakfast in graduate students. The differences in the effects of skipping breakfast versus eating breakfast irregularly on obesity are still under debate, and we believe that the effects of breakfast consumption during the week and breakfast consumption during the weekend on obesity remain worthy of study.
Most importantly, this study shows that regular breakfast consumption, adequate sleep duration, and adequate outdoor physical activity are all essential for weight maintenance. The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. WY: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing — original draft.
HZ: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing — original draft. This study was financed by Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project SMHSTDP WS We thank all the team members and all the participants.
Special thanks to Qingdao university graduate student Wang Liang gives selfless help in the process of investigation. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.
Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Ma, X, Chen, Q, Pu, Y, Guo, M, Jiang, Z, Huang, W, et al.
Skipping breakfast is associated with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract. doi: PubMed Abstract Crossref Full Text Google Scholar.
Guinter, MA, Park, YM, Steck, SE, and Sandler, DP. Day-to-day regularity in breakfast consumption is associated with weight status in a prospective cohort of women. Int J Obes. Chowdhury, EA, Richardson, JD, Holman, GD, Tsintzas, K, Thompson, D, and Betts, JA.
The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr. Crossref Full Text Google Scholar. Templeman, I, Gonzalez, JT, Thompson, D, and Betts, JA.
The role of intermittent fasting and meal timing in weight management and metabolic health. Proc Nutr Soc. Johnston, JD. Physiological responses to food intake throughout the day.
Nutr Res Rev. Longo, VD, and Panda, S. Fasting, circadian rhythms, and time-restricted feeding in healthy lifespan. Cell Metab.
Serin, Y, and Acar, TN. Effect of circadian rhythm on metabolic processes and the regulation of energy balance. Ann Nutr Metab. Chaput, JP, McHill, AW, Cox, RC, Broussard, JL, Dutil, C, da Costa, BGG, et al.
Login to Antioxidant-rich herbal extracts Fit's online Siipping training platform xleep the serious on the go fitness professional. Your mother Breakfast skipping and sleep quality right all along — breakfast Breakfast skipping and sleep quality is the skkpping important meal of the day. Quapity of the skjpping official nutritional guidelines even recommend that you eat breakfast daily and it is claimed that by skipping it you are raising your risk of obesity. Unfortunately, although this advice can easily be followed, it still appears to be a problem as it was found that up to a quarter of Americans are regularly skipping breakfast 1. Interested in improving your knowledge in nutrition? Explore our different nutrition courses to gain nutrition expertise. BMC Public Health volume 13Qualjty number: 42 Ad this Breakfash. Metrics details. Few Breakfaet on the breakfast consumption habits of Breakfast skipping and sleep quality students in Quapity have Breakfsat carried out. The Herbal mood enhancers of the present study Caffeine and soda consumption to anf the prevalence Breakfast skipping and sleep quality skipping breakfast and factors associated with skipping breakfast among medical students in Inner Mongolia of China, and to assist in the design of interventions to improve breakfast consumption habits of medical college students in this region. From December to January a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in the Inner Mongolia Medical College using a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalence of skipping breakfast in relation to lifestyle habits was described and factors associated with breakfast consumption were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of skipping breakfast wasBMC Public Health volume 13Breakfqst number: 42 Cite this quuality. Metrics details. Few studies on ssleep breakfast consumption habits of medical students Breakfqst China have been carried out.
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The Essential vitamins for athletes focused on medical students and employed slee; self-administered ad. A total students qualiity the Inner Mongolia Medical College campus completed the questionnaire. All participants came from the faculties of Clinical Medicine, Public Health Administration, Medicine Information Management, Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, or Mongolian Medicine.
Clinical Medical students have internships in a hospital for the last 2 years of the program, which is off campus. Consequently, for this faculty we only surveyed students in years 1—3 of their education. All medical students from Inner Mongolia Medical College campus were invited to participate and students completed the questionnaires in the classroom.
A member of our study group explained the purpose of the survey, and the privacy protection policy for personal and enrollment data, and checked completed questionnaires. Participants returned the completed anonymous self-administered questionnaire in a sealed envelope to members of our study group.
The questionnaire comprised two sections. The first section contained inquiries about basic demographic data, which including sex, age, ethnicity, residence, and faculty while the second contained questions regarding breakfast consumption habits of the participants during time at college.
We defined breakfast per the Student Nutrition Dietary Assessment, which is any food or beverage consumption between awakening and 45 minutes after the start of school [ 1521 ].
Subjects who did not consume breakfast on one of two days or neither day were categorized as breakfast skippers, while those that consumed breakfast on both days were classified as breakfast eaters [ 22 ].
Sleeping quality was assessed through a question describing self-sensation, with possible responses 3 levels, good, medium, and bad varying from good feeling energetic after getting up to bad feeling befuddled or in a bad mood after getting up.
Physical condition was evaluated similarly, with possible responses of good able to be effective [no problems] in work and leisure activities to bad unable to be effective in work and leisure activities. For appetite evaluation, extreme response alternatives were good want to eat when it is time to eat to bad loss of appetite time to eat.
The prevalence of skipping breakfast was determined from one survey item and in relation to demographic characteristics and some lifestyle habits. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain factors associated with breakfast eating.
In multiple logistic regression analysis, eating breakfast daily was considered the dependent variable, and the following as independent variables: gender, ethnicity, class years of education, monthly expenses, residence type, faculty, physical condition, relationships, appetite, sleeping quality, the learning process, and getting along with classmates.
We then used multivariate logistic regression models to adjust for the possible confounding influences between the independent variables on the dependent in model.
Age and class years of education 5 levels were expressed as the mean and standard deviation SD. Statistical comparisons employed ANOVA with the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test to evaluate the differences in each class year of education. We calculated the linear correlation between average age and class years of education.
Quantitative data were inputted using EpiDate Version 3. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows Version Six students did not answer the question about eating breakfast, leaving data for students available for analysis: were male The response prevalence was The mean age of the participants by year of study was: year 1: Consequently, similar to our previous study [ 17 ], class years of education was a good proxy for age and thus we used the class years of education throughout our study.
The prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption was The prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption in relation to lifestyle habits is shown in Table 1. Skipping breakfast consumption prevalence among male students was significantly higher compared to female students The lowest prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption was found among medical students belonging to the faculties of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine The prevalence of skipping breakfast among male students in their second year of education was Breakfast consumption prevalence among students with good self-perception about learning was significantly higher than for students with bad self-perception The prevalence of eating breakfast regularly in medical students having good self-perception about sleeping quality was significantly higher than students with bad self-perception about sleeping quality Breakfast consumption prevalence among different ethnic groups was not significantly different Table 3.
However, compared with the first class year of education, medical students in the second to fourth class years of education were less likely to eat breakfast regularly. Monthly expenses were also strongly and negatively associated with breakfast consumption habits.
Students in the faculties of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine were more likely to eat breakfast compared with students in other faculties. The results of the linear-by-linear association chi square test for multilevel variables showed that with the exception of class years of education, monthly expenses, sleeping quality, and the learning process presented a dose response relationship Table 4.
Eating breakfast containing adequate levels of tryptophan are an important mechanism by which children can maintain a high quality of sleep, a good morning-type diurnal rhythm, and indirectly good mental health [ 1617 ].
The mechanism involves metabolism of tryptophan in the morning to serotonin, a natural anti-depressant, and subsequent conversion of serotonin at night in the pineal gland to melatonin, a natural sleep-onset agent. Eating breakfast can be defined in various ways, including what a person perceives as breakfast, the type of food consumed, a meal consumed at a specified time of day, or the first meal consumed after awakening [ 23 ].
In the Inner Mongolia Medical College, breakfast is supplied by college collective canteens, and the type of food consumed is relatively constant, similar to most Chinese collective canteens. Typically, the traditional Chinese breakfast consists of varieties of congee and pickle, soybean milk, fritters, buns, and noodles.
It is noted that the prevalence of eating breakfast regularly for male students in our study In contrast, regular breakfast consumption for Inner Mongolia Medical College students was lower than that reported in other areas of China: On the other hand, breakfast consumption habits varied considerably according to different population lifestyle habits.
Thus, the prevalence of eating breakfast regularly for male students in their second year of education was This breakfast consumption prevalence is lower than the lowest value we found from the relevant literature [ 27 ]. Apparently, that many medical students do not eat breakfast on a regular basis is a very serious public health problem.
Our study also showed that regular breakfast consumption among men was significantly lower compared to women. This finding confirms the gender difference in regard to eating breakfast on a regular basis as reported in a number of recent studies [ 24262829 ], and suggests that there should be a stronger focus among males in regarding to encouraging better breakfast consumption habits.
We speculate that the reason for this result could be because these ethnic groups have resided in the area a long time and have formed similar breakfast eating habits. Our research results also showed that students who had higher monthly expenses were more likely to skip breakfast than those who had lower monthly expenses.
Furthermore, the results of the linear-by-linear association chi square test support an increasing linear trend for the prevalence of eating breakfast regularly as monthly expenses decrease.
One possibility could be that students who have higher monthly expenses eat more snacks later in the day compared to those who have lower monthly expenses. In China, fried foods and soft drinks have emerged as the preferred type of snack, which also contain excessive energy and fat [ 30 ].
Recent studies have also observed that snackers generally have a higher energy intake compared to non-snackers and that the increased energy intake of adolescents and young adults is mainly attributable to the population who increase their energy intake from snacking [ 31 ]. Another important result from these studies is that snackers do not have the feeling of hunger in the morning, which is why they skip breakfast.
Additionally, it has been found that small changes in diet composition have the potential to affect feelings of hunger and satiety [ 19 ] and that when daily nutrition is not satisfied, people tend to become obese [ 11 ].
Most importantly, those individuals who skip breakfast are more likely to be obese compared to students who eat breakfast regularly [ 32 ]. Thus, school administrators should consider formulating appropriate educational interventions to help students recognize that the provision of energy and nutrients through the eating of breakfast positively affects energy and nutrient intake throughout the day.
We also noted that the prevalence of regular breakfast consumption varied considerably according to the faculty in which the student belonged: the prevalence of skipping breakfast for students studying in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine This result might be explained by the health concepts embodied in traditional Chinese medicine, which emphasizes the importance of breakfast.
This situation should be addressed as students in these faculties are not only future public health managers, but may be involved in formulating breakfast promotion education. The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in medical students who had a good self-perception about sleeping quality was significantly higher than for students with a bad self-perception.
Moreover, there was a dose response relationship for this factor with the prevalence of regular breakfast consumption increasing with better perception of sleep quality.
Although poor sleep might result in difficulty in getting up and less time to eat breakfast, one study suggests that poor-quality sleep is associated with an increased risk of poor appetite [ 33 ], which may be a direct cause for lack of nutrients and energy in this population.
: Breakfast skipping and sleep quality| Breakfast vs. Sleep – the battle continues | This not only has negative consequences on your sleep but also on your stress levels and overall health and productivity. References Ardeshirlarijani E, Namazi N, Jabbari M, Zeinali M, Gerami H, Jalili RB, et al. This makes the body feel safer which calms your body, relaxes you and switches on your sleep and energy system for better sleep at night. Such as fast walking, dancing, running, climbing, swimming, skipping rope, football, volleyball, basketball and so on. Moreover, there was a dose response relationship for this factor with the prevalence of regular breakfast consumption increasing with better perception of sleep quality. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. In previous studies 40 , exercise significantly improved sleep efficiency. |
| JavaScript is disabled | Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. By Lindsey DeSoto, RDN, LD on April 30, — Fact checked by Hilary Guite, FFPH, MRCGP. This series of Special Features takes an in-depth look at the science behind some of the most debated nutrition-related topics, weighing in on the facts and debunking the myths. Share on Pinterest Design by Diego Sabogal. Evidence in support of eating breakfast. Does skipping breakfast cause weight gain? Are people who eat breakfast healthier? View All. How much protein do you need to build muscle? By Lindsey DeSoto, RDN, LD. Not all plant-based diets are the same: Junk veggie food and its impact on health By Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN. Is it better to eat several small meals or fewer larger ones? Should you eat breakfast? Find what works best for you. The bottom line. Share this article. Latest news Ovarian tissue freezing may help delay, and even prevent menopause. 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Do anti-inflammatory diets really work? There are claims that anti-inflammatory diets could help reduce the risk of some chronic conditions, but are these claims supported by scientific… READ MORE. Tryptophan and sleep: breakfast tryptophan content and sleep. Breakfast Frequency and Sleep Quality in College Students: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Sleep Chronotypes and Depressive Symptoms. Genome-wide association study of breakfast skipping links clock regulation with food timing. Hassan S. Dashti , Hassan S. Dashti , Jordi Merino , Jordi Merino , Jacqueline M. Lane , Jacqueline M. Lane , Yanwei Song , Yanwei Song , Caren E. Smith , Toshiko Tanaka , Nicola M. McKeown , Chandler Tucker , Dianjianyi Sun , Traci M. Bartz , Ruifang Li-Gao , Hoirun Nisa , Sirimon Reutrakul , Rozenn N. Lemaitre , Tahani Alshehri , Renée de Mutsert , Lydia A. Bazzano , Lu Qi , Lu Qi , Lu Qi , Kristen L. Knutson , Bruce M. Psaty , Bruce M. Psaty , Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori , Vesna Boraska Perica , Marian L. Neuhouser , Frank A. Scheer , Frank A. Scheer , Martin K. Rutter , Martin K. My columns. Related Questions What are the effects of eating breakfast on student performance? Students who eat breakfast regularly have higher academic performance compared to those who do not have breakfast. Regular breakfast consumption is associated with higher cognitive test scores and better performance in subjects such as mathematics, science, and language. Schools that offer universal free breakfast programs have higher test scores and reduced conflict outcomes, including fights, substance abuse, and truancy. Eating breakfast has positive effects on cognitive performance, academic achievement, quality of life, well-being, and morbidity risk factors. Overall, eating breakfast has short-term and long-term positive effects on student performance and well-being. What are the effects of skipping breakfast on physical well-being, emotional well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being? Smith KJ, Gall SL, McNaughton SA, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Venn AJ: Skipping breakfast: longitudinal associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study. Am Soc Nutr. CAS Google Scholar. Yahia N, Achkar A, Abdallah A, Rizk S: Eating habits and obesity among Lebanese university students. Biró L, Rabin B, Regöly-Mérei A, Nagy K, Pintér B, Beretvás E, Morava E, Antal M: Dietary habits of medical and pharmacy studentds at Semmelweis University, Budapest. Acta Alimentaria. Timlin MT, Pereira MA, Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D: Breakfast eating and weight change in a 5-year prospective analysis of adolescents: Project EAT Eating Among Teens. Liu Y, Zhai F, Popkin BM: Trends in eating behaviours among Chinese children — Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. Jahns L, Siega-Riz A, Popkin B: The Increasing prevalence of snacking among U. children and adolescents from to J Pediatr. Bian J, Yi H, Zhiyue L, Li G, Teer B, Zhang Q, Sun J: Prevalence of and factors associated with various level of body weight among inner Mongolia medical students in China. Open J Prev Med. Spiegel K, Tasali E, Leproult R, Cauter EV: Effects of poor and short sleep on glucose metabolism and obesity risk. Nat Rev Endocrinol. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Mhurchu CN, Turley M, Gorton D, Jiang Y, Michie J, Maddison R, Hattie J: Effects of a free school breakfast programme on school attendance, achievement, psychosocial function, and nutrition: a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial. Download references. The study was supported by Baiwan Gongcheng from the Inner Mongolia Medical College, and had a role in the analysis of data and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Inner Mongolia Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minority Autonomous Region, China. Inner Mongolia Minority Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Normal University Institute of Media, China. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Juan Sun. The work presented here was carried out in collaboration between all authors. JS and HY defined the research theme and methods. ZL and YW designed the questionnaire, analyzed the data, interpreted the results, and wrote the paper. JB, YYW and YE co-worked on associated data collection and their interpretation. GL and WH discussed analyses, interpretation, and presentation. TW and HL carried out the survey and also helped write the paper. All authors have contributed to, seen, and approved the manuscript. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Reprints and permissions. Sun, J. et al. Factors associated with skipping breakfast among Inner Mongolia Medical students in China. BMC Public Health 13 , 42 Download citation. Received : 06 April Accepted : 11 January Published : 17 January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Few studies on the breakfast consumption habits of medical students in China have been carried out. Methods From December to January a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in the Inner Mongolia Medical College using a self-administered questionnaire. Results The overall prevalence of skipping breakfast was Conclusions Breakfast consumption was associated with many factors, most importantly monthly expenses, sleeping quality and the learning process. Background The provision of energy and nutrients throughout the day is extremely important and breakfast has been considered an important dietary factor for energy regulation [ 1 ]. Methods Setting and target population A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students at the Inner Mongolia Medical College of China the methodology of which has been described in a previous study [ 20 ]. Sampling procedure All medical students from Inner Mongolia Medical College campus were invited to participate and students completed the questionnaires in the classroom. Questionnaire and measures The questionnaire comprised two sections. Ethnicity was categorized as Han, Mongolian, or Other. Statistical analysis The prevalence of skipping breakfast was determined from one survey item and in relation to demographic characteristics and some lifestyle habits. Ethical approval Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Inner Mongolia. Results Participant characteristics Six students did not answer the question about eating breakfast, leaving data for students available for analysis: were male Prevalence of breakfast consumption The prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption was Table 1 Breakfast consumption prevalence among students according to demographic characteristics Full size table. Table 3 Logistic regression analysis of regular breakfast consumption among medical students Full size table. Table 4 Linear-by-linear association chi-square test Full size table. Discussion Eating breakfast containing adequate levels of tryptophan are an important mechanism by which children can maintain a high quality of sleep, a good morning-type diurnal rhythm, and indirectly good mental health [ 16 , 17 ]. Conclusions The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in relation to different populations has a large variance. References Behrens B: Is breakfast or breakfast skipping associated with adiposity in adults? Theses , Paper 1 Morgan KJ, Zabik ME, Stampiey GL: Breakfast consumption Pattems of U. Article Google Scholar Sandercock GRH, Voss C, Dye L: Associations between habitual school-day breakfast consumption, body mass index, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in English schoolchildren. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hoyland A, Dye L, Lawton CL: A systematic review of the effect of breakfast on the cognitive performance of children and adolescents. Article PubMed Google Scholar Moore L, Moore GF, Tapper K, Lynch R, Desousa C, Hale J, Roberts C, Murphy S: Free breakfasts in schools: design and conduct of a cluster randomised controlled trial of the Primary School Free Breakfast Initiative in Wales. Google Scholar Rampersaud G, Pereira M, Girard B, Adams J, Metzl J: Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight and academic performance in children and adolescents. 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Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ask AS, Hernes S, Aarek I, Johannessen G, Haugen M: Changes in dietary pattern in 15 year old adolescents following a 4 month dietary intervention with school breakfast — a pilot study. Google Scholar Isaksson H, Rakha A, Andersson R, Fredriksson H, Olsson J, Åman P: Rye kernel breakfast increases satiety in the afternoon - an effect of food structure. Google Scholar Bian J, Du M, Fan Y, Eshita Y, Qin P, Sun J: Incidence of and factors associated with daily smoking among Inner Mongolia medical students in China: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Google Scholar Gleason PM: Participation in the National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program. Google Scholar Alexander KE, Ventura EE, Metz DS, Weigensberg MJ, Goran MI, Davis JN: Association of breakfast skipping with visceral fat and insulin indices in overweight latino youth. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM, Carson T: Trends in breakfast consumption for children in the United States from to Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Preziosi P, Galan P, Deheeger M, Yacoub N, Drewnowski A, Hercberg S: Breakfast type, daily nutrient intakes and vitamin and mineral status of french children, adolescents and adults. Article PubMed Google Scholar Smith KJ, Gall SL, McNaughton SA, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Venn AJ: Skipping breakfast: longitudinal associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study. CAS Google Scholar Yahia N, Achkar A, Abdallah A, Rizk S: Eating habits and obesity among Lebanese university students. |
| The Nutritional Effects of Skipping Breakfast | Share: Share on Facebook Buzz it up Share via MySpace Tweet about it Tell a friend by email. Grade Learning Blog. Preview Powered by FeedBlitz. Subscribe to RSS Feed. Facebook: facebook. Youtube: youtube. Career College Donna Balkos ESL Individualized Tutoring Margaret Prophet Michelle Wilson Mike Young Uncategorized What's Next. Breakfast vs. Sleep — the battle continues Every morning right when I open my eyes I start debating whether to eat breakfast or get those five extra minutes of sleep. We all know how important breakfast is. Breakfast kickstarts our metabolism and gives us enough energy to fuel our body to help us focus at school or work. But breakfast does so much more than that. Sleep specialists suggest that how and when you eat your breakfast matters the most in your sleep cycle. Compared to those who skip breakfast, people who have a balanced breakfast had better sleep experience at night and a longer sleep time. Proof that eating breakfast for a better night sleep may not be so far fetched. Depriving yourself of food can cause your body stress. This is so much worse when done in the morning than lunch and dinner because that is when our metabolism is the weakest. But how does it work? This produces stress hormones which gives us less energy and can not only affect our mood for the day but also affects our sleep. This makes the body feel safer which calms your body, relaxes you and switches on your sleep and energy system for better sleep at night. Many studies of breakfast consumption were carried out in the s by different research groups to examine the type of food consumed around the world [ 2 , 14 , 15 ]. In this century, there has been more in-depth study and focus on breakfast [ 16 , 17 ]. In China, research has been carried out in different populations to study breakfast consumption habits, type of food consumed, and the nutrients supplied. Although sample sizes were small, it was noted that poor dietary habits were part of this complex issue [ 18 ], and that in different regions, breakfast consumption habits varied considerably [ 19 ]. Inner Mongolia is a region inhabited by the Mongolian ethnic minority although considerable numbers of Han Chinese also reside there. The current survey was conducted among medical students of the Inner Mongolia Medical College with the aim of documenting the prevalence of skipping breakfast. A longer-term goal was to use the survey results to assist with design of interventions to change breakfast consumption habit s to ensure enough energy and nutrient intake in the morning among medical college students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students at the Inner Mongolia Medical College of China the methodology of which has been described in a previous study [ 20 ]. The survey focused on medical students and employed a self-administered questionnaire. A total students from the Inner Mongolia Medical College campus completed the questionnaire. All participants came from the faculties of Clinical Medicine, Public Health Administration, Medicine Information Management, Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, or Mongolian Medicine. Clinical Medical students have internships in a hospital for the last 2 years of the program, which is off campus. Consequently, for this faculty we only surveyed students in years 1—3 of their education. All medical students from Inner Mongolia Medical College campus were invited to participate and students completed the questionnaires in the classroom. A member of our study group explained the purpose of the survey, and the privacy protection policy for personal and enrollment data, and checked completed questionnaires. Participants returned the completed anonymous self-administered questionnaire in a sealed envelope to members of our study group. The questionnaire comprised two sections. The first section contained inquiries about basic demographic data, which including sex, age, ethnicity, residence, and faculty while the second contained questions regarding breakfast consumption habits of the participants during time at college. We defined breakfast per the Student Nutrition Dietary Assessment, which is any food or beverage consumption between awakening and 45 minutes after the start of school [ 15 , 21 ]. Subjects who did not consume breakfast on one of two days or neither day were categorized as breakfast skippers, while those that consumed breakfast on both days were classified as breakfast eaters [ 22 ]. Sleeping quality was assessed through a question describing self-sensation, with possible responses 3 levels, good, medium, and bad varying from good feeling energetic after getting up to bad feeling befuddled or in a bad mood after getting up. Physical condition was evaluated similarly, with possible responses of good able to be effective [no problems] in work and leisure activities to bad unable to be effective in work and leisure activities. For appetite evaluation, extreme response alternatives were good want to eat when it is time to eat to bad loss of appetite time to eat. The prevalence of skipping breakfast was determined from one survey item and in relation to demographic characteristics and some lifestyle habits. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain factors associated with breakfast eating. In multiple logistic regression analysis, eating breakfast daily was considered the dependent variable, and the following as independent variables: gender, ethnicity, class years of education, monthly expenses, residence type, faculty, physical condition, relationships, appetite, sleeping quality, the learning process, and getting along with classmates. We then used multivariate logistic regression models to adjust for the possible confounding influences between the independent variables on the dependent in model. Age and class years of education 5 levels were expressed as the mean and standard deviation SD. Statistical comparisons employed ANOVA with the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test to evaluate the differences in each class year of education. We calculated the linear correlation between average age and class years of education. Quantitative data were inputted using EpiDate Version 3. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows Version Six students did not answer the question about eating breakfast, leaving data for students available for analysis: were male The response prevalence was The mean age of the participants by year of study was: year 1: Consequently, similar to our previous study [ 17 ], class years of education was a good proxy for age and thus we used the class years of education throughout our study. The prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption was The prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption in relation to lifestyle habits is shown in Table 1. Skipping breakfast consumption prevalence among male students was significantly higher compared to female students The lowest prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption was found among medical students belonging to the faculties of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine The prevalence of skipping breakfast among male students in their second year of education was Breakfast consumption prevalence among students with good self-perception about learning was significantly higher than for students with bad self-perception The prevalence of eating breakfast regularly in medical students having good self-perception about sleeping quality was significantly higher than students with bad self-perception about sleeping quality Breakfast consumption prevalence among different ethnic groups was not significantly different Table 3. However, compared with the first class year of education, medical students in the second to fourth class years of education were less likely to eat breakfast regularly. Monthly expenses were also strongly and negatively associated with breakfast consumption habits. Students in the faculties of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine were more likely to eat breakfast compared with students in other faculties. The results of the linear-by-linear association chi square test for multilevel variables showed that with the exception of class years of education, monthly expenses, sleeping quality, and the learning process presented a dose response relationship Table 4. Eating breakfast containing adequate levels of tryptophan are an important mechanism by which children can maintain a high quality of sleep, a good morning-type diurnal rhythm, and indirectly good mental health [ 16 , 17 ]. The mechanism involves metabolism of tryptophan in the morning to serotonin, a natural anti-depressant, and subsequent conversion of serotonin at night in the pineal gland to melatonin, a natural sleep-onset agent. Eating breakfast can be defined in various ways, including what a person perceives as breakfast, the type of food consumed, a meal consumed at a specified time of day, or the first meal consumed after awakening [ 23 ]. In the Inner Mongolia Medical College, breakfast is supplied by college collective canteens, and the type of food consumed is relatively constant, similar to most Chinese collective canteens. Typically, the traditional Chinese breakfast consists of varieties of congee and pickle, soybean milk, fritters, buns, and noodles. It is noted that the prevalence of eating breakfast regularly for male students in our study In contrast, regular breakfast consumption for Inner Mongolia Medical College students was lower than that reported in other areas of China: On the other hand, breakfast consumption habits varied considerably according to different population lifestyle habits. Thus, the prevalence of eating breakfast regularly for male students in their second year of education was This breakfast consumption prevalence is lower than the lowest value we found from the relevant literature [ 27 ]. Apparently, that many medical students do not eat breakfast on a regular basis is a very serious public health problem. Our study also showed that regular breakfast consumption among men was significantly lower compared to women. This finding confirms the gender difference in regard to eating breakfast on a regular basis as reported in a number of recent studies [ 24 , 26 , 28 , 29 ], and suggests that there should be a stronger focus among males in regarding to encouraging better breakfast consumption habits. We speculate that the reason for this result could be because these ethnic groups have resided in the area a long time and have formed similar breakfast eating habits. Our research results also showed that students who had higher monthly expenses were more likely to skip breakfast than those who had lower monthly expenses. Furthermore, the results of the linear-by-linear association chi square test support an increasing linear trend for the prevalence of eating breakfast regularly as monthly expenses decrease. One possibility could be that students who have higher monthly expenses eat more snacks later in the day compared to those who have lower monthly expenses. In China, fried foods and soft drinks have emerged as the preferred type of snack, which also contain excessive energy and fat [ 30 ]. Recent studies have also observed that snackers generally have a higher energy intake compared to non-snackers and that the increased energy intake of adolescents and young adults is mainly attributable to the population who increase their energy intake from snacking [ 31 ]. Another important result from these studies is that snackers do not have the feeling of hunger in the morning, which is why they skip breakfast. Additionally, it has been found that small changes in diet composition have the potential to affect feelings of hunger and satiety [ 19 ] and that when daily nutrition is not satisfied, people tend to become obese [ 11 ]. Most importantly, those individuals who skip breakfast are more likely to be obese compared to students who eat breakfast regularly [ 32 ]. Thus, school administrators should consider formulating appropriate educational interventions to help students recognize that the provision of energy and nutrients through the eating of breakfast positively affects energy and nutrient intake throughout the day. We also noted that the prevalence of regular breakfast consumption varied considerably according to the faculty in which the student belonged: the prevalence of skipping breakfast for students studying in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine This result might be explained by the health concepts embodied in traditional Chinese medicine, which emphasizes the importance of breakfast. This situation should be addressed as students in these faculties are not only future public health managers, but may be involved in formulating breakfast promotion education. The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in medical students who had a good self-perception about sleeping quality was significantly higher than for students with a bad self-perception. Moreover, there was a dose response relationship for this factor with the prevalence of regular breakfast consumption increasing with better perception of sleep quality. Although poor sleep might result in difficulty in getting up and less time to eat breakfast, one study suggests that poor-quality sleep is associated with an increased risk of poor appetite [ 33 ], which may be a direct cause for lack of nutrients and energy in this population. Our study also showed that the prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in medical students who perceived that learning was easy was much higher compared with their classmates who perceived learning to be laborious. This factor also demonstrated dose dependency. Other studies have confirmed these results. For example, missing breakfast is associated with adverse effects on academic performance and school attendance in young people [ 6 ]. We surmise that this is a vicious circle in which poor academic performance and school attendance could cause this group of students to skip breakfast, and that this poor dietary habit could cause poor academic performance and school attendance. It has been proposed that appropriate manipulation of the school environment could offer an efficient and effective long-term means of improving the health of the population [ 5 ], and that such an intervention could bring about improved breakfast habits resulting in improved cognitive functioning and behavior, and thus improved school performance and educational achievement [ 5 ]. In any case, making students aware of this problem should be a high priority. The results of the linear-by-linear association chi square test showed no linear trend in regard to class years of education although binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that class years of education is significantly associated with breakfast consumption habits. The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in the first and fifth class years of education was significantly higher than in years 2—4, suggesting that students are at risk in this age group. While students in their first year might still be adhering to good family breakfast-eating habits they learned prior to entering college, the explanation for fifth-year students is less obvious. One possible reason might be that their class load in the morning is less so they might have more time to eat breakfast. However, as one study of Chinese university students concluded it may have more to do with getting up sufficiently early in the morning that there is time for breakfast [ 10 ]. To address this situation, we propose to examine the feasibility and value of a stepped wedge and long-term cluster randomized trial to evaluate pragmatic public health intervention programs [ 34 ] for this group so that changes in attitude and behavior toward breakfast can be tracked. The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in relation to different populations has a large variance. |
| Is breakfast really the most important meal of the day? | The study results? After getting only a little rest, the young adults chose junk food over healthier options. Study authors say the findings show that their are biological foundations for why it may be difficult for some people to lost excessive weight, and for why changes to diet can often be difficult for people to maintain. In another recent study, researchers demonstrated that eating a breakfast higher in calories than dinner may be healthier and reduce the chances of developing diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity. That study, published last month in the journal Obesity , was conducted at Tel Aviv University and discovered that the time of day when the most calories are consumed is significant to weight loss and gain. The subjects of the study were 93 women who were considered obese, and split into two groups. The women each consumed a 1,calorie diet containing reasonable amounts of fat and carbohydrates every day for three months, but with a key difference: the first group ate the most calories at breakfast, and the second ate the most at dinner. The first group consumed a calorie breakfast, calorie lunch and calorie dinner, and lost an average of The second group ate a calorie breakfast, calorie lunch and calorie dinner and only lost on average 7. Other benefits of that big breakfast? Thanks to a hunger-regulating hormone, participants in the first group also no longer wanted to snack later in the day, and had no blood glucose level spikes which can result in high blood pressure. Our website is the place for the latest breaking news, exclusive scoops, longreads and provocative commentary. Please bookmark nationalpost. com and sign up for our newsletters here. Postmedia is committed to maintaining a lively but civil forum for discussion and encourage all readers to share their views on our articles. Comments may take up to an hour for moderation before appearing on the site. We ask you to keep your comments relevant and respectful. We have enabled email notifications—you will now receive an email if you receive a reply to your comment, there is an update to a comment thread you follow or if a user you follow comments. Visit our Community Guidelines for more information and details on how to adjust your email settings. The It List: Dubbed the Cityverse, the design is billed as an "elevated everyday staple. Niacinamide is a popular skincare ingredient worth adding to your daily routine. This website uses cookies to personalize your content including ads , and allows us to analyze our traffic. Read more about cookies here. By continuing to use our site, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Search nationalpost. com Perform search. News NP News Quiz NP Comment Politics Longreads Remembering Puzzles New York Times Crossword Comics Healthing Epaper Driving Horoscopes Financial Post Manage Print Subscription. Advertisement 1. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. Share this Story : Avoid weight gain by getting lots of sleep, eating a big breakfast, studies suggest. How you start your day in the morning influences how you sleep at night. Recent studies show that sleepless nights can directly be impacted by our food choices throughout the day. Especially breakfast. We all know how important breakfast is. Breakfast kickstarts our metabolism and gives us enough energy to fuel our body to help us focus at school or work. But breakfast does so much more than that. Sleep specialists suggest that how and when you eat your breakfast matters the most in your sleep cycle. Compared to those who skip breakfast, people who have a balanced breakfast had better sleep experience at night and a longer sleep time. Proof that eating breakfast for a better night sleep may not be so far fetched. Depriving yourself of food can cause your body stress. This is so much worse when done in the morning than lunch and dinner because that is when our metabolism is the weakest. But how does it work? This produces stress hormones which gives us less energy and can not only affect our mood for the day but also affects our sleep. This makes the body feel safer which calms your body, relaxes you and switches on your sleep and energy system for better sleep at night. Skipping breakfast also majorly contributes to insomnia and other sleep problems. This not only has negative consequences on your sleep but also on your stress levels and overall health and productivity. Another reason why breakfast can improve our sleep quality is that it helps our body identify the time of the day. |
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