Chamomile Tea for Diabetes -
For an α value equal to 0. This number was increased to 32 per group to accommodate the anticipated dropout rate. The participants were randomly allocated in two groups using a block randomization procedure of size 4 with matched subjects in each block based on sex, age and BMI.
The random sequence was generated using random allocation software by statistician of the study. Endocrinologist randomly assigned participants to an intervention group or a control group. Whereas patients and Endocrinologist allocated to the intervention group were aware of the allocated arm, outcome assessors and statistician were kept blinded to the allocation.
A general questionnaire was completed for each subject. Body weight was measured using a scale Seca, Germany , without shoes and wearing light clothing. Height was measured using a mounted tape without shoes.
BMI was calculated as the weight in kilogram divided by the height in meters squared. Information about daily energy and macronutrient intakes was obtained by hour recall method for 3 days, including 2 week day and 1 weekend. Three day average of energy and macronutrient intakes of all subjects was analysed by Nutritionist 4 software First Databank Inc.
Chamomile was obtained as homogenous chamomile tea bags finished product from the Iranian Institute of medicinal plants, Karaj Iran. The tea bag, containing approximately 3 g of chamomile tea, was manufactured on March These tea-bags were the same commercially available product.
Subjects were asked to keep a record of all beverages consumed during the clinical trial and maintain their usual dietary intake and physical activity and to avoid any changes in medication, if possible.
The compliance of the volunteers with the study protocol was monitored by telephone interviews once a week and counting returned tea bags in person every 2 weeks.
Venous blood samples 5 mL from each subject were collected between to AM after an overnight fast at the beginning of trial.
The serum samples were separated from whole blood by centrifugation at rpm for 10 min Avanti J, Beckman, Brea, CA, USA. Serum glucose was measured using the standard enzymatic methods with commercially available Pars Azmun kit Karaj, Iran.
Glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1C was measured in the whole blood by cation exchange chromatography with a Nycocard HbA1C kit Norway. The concentration of hs-CRP was measured by spectrophotometer method using pars azmun kit. Serum TNF-α was measured by platinum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA kits Bender Med System, eBioscience, Vienna, Austria.
All anthropometric, dietary intakes, blood sampling and biochemical measurements were assessed again at the end of intervention period in both groups. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16; SPSS Inc. The normal distribution of variables was tested and confirmed by Kolmogorov- Smirnov test.
The baseline measurements and dietary intakes of subjects in two groups were compared using independent samples t- test and chi-square test for quantitative and qualitative variables respectively.
ANCOVA was used to identify any differences between the two groups at the end of study, adjusting for baseline values and covariates. The changes in anthropometric measurements, energy and macronutrient intakes, serum levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α and HOMA-IR between the beginning and end of the study were compared by paired samples t -test.
All of the patients 32 patients in chamomile tea group and 32 patients in placebo group completed the study Figure 1. Participants did not report any adverse effects or symptoms with the chamomile tea consumption during the study. The baseline measurements and dietary intakes of subjects in two groups were compared using independent samples t-test and chi-square test for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively.
ANCOVA was used to identify any differences between the two groups at the end of the study, adjusting for baseline value, gender, intake of OHA, duration of diabetes and changes of weight and calorie intake during the study.
Anthropometric characteristics and dietary intakes of participants at the beginning and end of the study are shown in Table 1.
No significant differences between and within groups in weight and BMI were observed at the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks of intervention. There were no significant differences in age, energy and other dietary intakes between two groups at baseline.
Total energy and nutrient intakes also did not change significantly in any of the groups during the study. Table 1. General characteristics and dietary intakes of diabetic patients at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.
Measurement Period. Serum levels of glucose, HbA1C, insulin, HOMA-IR, TNFα and hs-CRP levels of subjects at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention are shown in Table 2.
Baseline values of hs-CRP and HbA1C were not different between two groups. Significant differences were seen between the two groups in serum levels of glucose, insulin, TNFα and HOMA-IR at baseline. Consumption of chamomile tea decreased HOMA-IR by As shown in Table 2, HOMA-IR and serum levels of TNFα and hs-CRP significantly reduced in the chamomile tea group by Table 2.
Glycemic and inflammatory indices of patients with diabetes at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Based on our literature review, this trial is the first report about the effects of chamomile tea consumption on inflammatory markers and IR in patients with T2DM.
Our findings indicated that drinking of chamomile tea by subjects with T2DM significantly decreased serum level of TNFα and hs-CRP compared to control group. These inhibitory effects of chamomile on inflammatory markers are agreement with findings of various experimental studies [20, ].
In a study by Curra, et al. topical aqueous chamomile extract reduced the tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, thereby demonstrated anti-inflammatory action in oral mucositis in hamsters [24].
In the study by Natarajan, et al. aqueous extract of chamomile treatment significantly blocked TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 -induced NO levels in RAW In their study chamomile caused reduction in LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein expression.
Inhibitory effect of chamomile on iNOS gene expression suggests that this is one of the mechanisms responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties [20]. Shipochliev, et al. reported that the aqueous extract of chamomile suppressed both the inflammatory effect and leukocyte infiltration induced by a simultaneous injection of carrageenan and prostaglandin E1.
In another study by Janmejai, et al. aqueous chamomile extract treatment inhibited the release of LPS-induced prostaglandin E 2 in RAW This effect was found to be due to inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity by chamomile, with a mechanism of action similar to that attributed to NSAID [25]. Several studies also demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of active components of chamomile including flavonoids apigenin, luteolin and quercetin and essential oils α-bisabolol, bisabolol oxides A and B, chamazulene and α- and β-farnesene [,19].
Abe, et al. indicated that chamomile essential oil tested at 0. Chamazulene carboxylic acid, a sesquiterpenic compound of chamomile, presents a chemical structure similar to profens [28], known as anti-inflammatory compounds that inhibit the key enzymes of prostaglandin metabolism [15].
Based on result of this study chamomile tea consumption significantly decreased serum level of glucose in the intervention group compared to its baseline values and declined levels of serum insulin and HOMA-IR compared to control group.
Glucose lowering effect of chamomile was demonstrated in some previous studies []. According to our obtained findings it was possible that improvement in IR in chamomile group contributed to their lower blood glucose level during the study trial.
Modulation of PPARs and other factors by chamomile extract may be another possible related mechanism s in this regard [,22]. Other underlying mechanisms for favourable effects of chamomile on blood glucose parameters and IR in present study might also be through serum TNFα and hs-CRP reductions which were demonstrated in our treated group Table 2.
In current study there was a significant direct correlation between serum levels of TNFα and hs-CRP with HOMA-IR in chamomile group.
TNFα belongs to the TNF family, which is produced by macrophages, natural killer cells and T cells [4]. TNF-α may alter insulin sensitivity in different ways. A strong candidate mechanism is attenuating insulin receptor signalling path-ways.
Another potential mechanism is decreasing glucose transporter-4 GLUT4 in adipocytes by TNFα [29]. TNF-α has been shown to inhibit preadipocyte differentiation and it might also induce in vitro dedifferentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes [30]. These negative effects on adipocyte differentiation correlate with suppression of other adipocytes genes, such as those encoding adipocyte fatty acid binding protein aP2 , adipsin and the insulin-responsive glucose transporter [].
Thus, downregulation of GLUT4 or other cellular components that mediate the metabolic effects of insulin represents a plausible mechanism for how TNF-a might mediate insulin resistance. Another involved mechanism of TNFα-induced IR is suppression of adiponectin [33].
Benefits: The effects were observed when participants drank the herbal tea 'immediately' post-meals Image: Getty Images. Diabetes type 1: Ed Gamble on his initial symptoms.
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Entertainment Films Music Books Theatre Gaming Express Wins. IPSO Regulated Copyright © Express Newspapers. Recent studies reported that chamomile has potential to lower blood sugar levels in hyperglycemia.
In the present study we have investigated the pharmacological effects of chamomile tea on fasting and post prandial glucose levels and HbA1C in blood of diabetic rats alloxan induced and the results were compared with glibenclamide as standard.
Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. It has been observed in our study that it has reduced progressively the fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels, significantly in alloxan induced diabetic rats particularly on day 30 and
You can change your city Diabefes here. We serve personalized stories based on Cahmomile selected Fof. Refrain from posting comments that are obscene, defamatory or inflammatory, and Type diabetes blood sugar spikes not indulge in Diabtes Chamomile Tea for Diabetes, name calling or inciting hatred against any community. Help us delete comments that do not follow these guidelines by marking them offensive. Let's work together to keep the conversation civil. A piping hot cup of tea can heal everything! But did you know brewing the right kind of tea can actually help in managing insulin levels and can significantly reduce the blood glucose levels in the body. We include Chamomole we Diabetds are useful for fo Chamomile Tea for Diabetes. If you buy Hydration for athletes links on this page, ror may earn a Chamomile Tea for Diabetes commission. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Chamomile tea contains antioxidants that may offer health benefits, which may reduce your risk of some diseases. Chamomile tea may also help improve sleep and digestion. Chamomile is an herb that comes from the daisy-like flowers of the Asteraceae plant family.
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