Heat Lycopene and heart health, Written By Healthh Petre. J Am Coll Cardiol Cholesterol-lowering supplements One meta-analysis found that at least 12 mg per day of supplemental lycopene may be effective for this purpose.

Lycopene and heart health -

J Am Med Assoc. O'Kennedy N, Crosbie L, Van Lieshout M, Broom JI, Webb DJ, Duttaroy AK. Effects of antiplatelet components of tomato extract on platelet function in vitro and ex vivo : a timecourse cannulation study in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr. O'Kennedy N, Crosbie L, Whelan S, Luther V, Horgan G, Broom JI, et al.

Effects of tomato extract on platelet function: A double-blinded crossover study in healthy humans. Palomo I, Concha-Meyer A, Lutz M, Said M, Sáez B, Vásquez A, et al. Chemical characterization and antiplatelet potential of bioactive extract from tomato pomace Byproduct of Tomato Paste.

Uddin M, Biswas D, Ghosh A, O'Kennedy N, Duttaroy AK. Consumption of fruitflow® lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive males: A randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, cross-over study. Int J Food Sci Nutr. Fuentes E, Trostchansky A, Reguengo LM, Junior MRM, Palomo I.

Antiplatelet effects of bioactive compounds present in tomato pomace. Curr Drug Targets. Mozos I, Stoian D, Caraba A, Malainer C, Horbanczuk JO, Atanasov AG. Lycopene and vascular health. Front Pharmacol. O'Kennedy N, Duss R, Duttaroy AK. Dietary Antiplatelets: A New Perspective on the Health Benefits of the Water-Soluble Tomato Concentrate Fruitflow®.

Olas B. Anti-aggregatory potential of selected vegetables—promising dietary components for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Tang G, Meng X, Li Y, Zhao C, Liu Q, Li H.

Effects of vegetables on cardiovascular diseases and related mechanisms. Sesso HD, Wang L, Ridker PM, Buring JE. Tomato-based food products are related to clinically modest improvements in selected coronary biomarkers in women.

J Nutr. Li YF, Chang YY, Huang HC, Wu YC, Yang MD, Chao PM. Tomato juice supplementation in young women reduces inflammatory adipokine levels independently of body fat reduction. Hsu YM, Lai CH, Chang CY, Fan CT, Chen CT, Wu CH.

Characterizing the lipid-lowering effects and antioxidant mechanisms of tomato paste. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. Burton-Freeman B, Talbot J, Park E, Krishnankutty S, Edirisinghe I. Protective activity of processed tomato products on postprandial oxidation and inflammation: A clinical trial in healthy weight men and women.

Mol Nutr Food Res. García-Alonso FJ, Jorge-Vidal V, Ros G, Periago MJ. Effect of consumption of tomato juice enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipid profile, antioxidant biomarker status, and cardiovascular disease risk in healthy women.

Xaplanteris P, Vlachopoulos C, Pietri P, Terentes-Printzios D, Kardara D, Alexopoulos N, et al. Tomato paste supplementation improves endothelial dynamics and reduces plasma total oxidative status in healthy subjects. Nutrit Res.

Hsiao G, Wang Y, Tzu NH, Fong TH, Shen MY, Lin KH, et al. Inhibitory effects of lycopene on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombus formation. J Lab CliniMed. Fuentes E, Carle R, Astudillo L, Guzman L, Gutierrez M, Carrasco G, et al.

Antioxidant and antiplatelet activities in extracts from green and fully ripe tomato fruits Solanum lycopersicum and pomace from industrial tomato processing. Evid Based Complementary Altern. Kong KW, Khoo HE, Prasad KN, Ismail A, Tan CP, Rajab NF.

Revealing the power of the natural red pigment lycopene. Müller L, Caris-Veyrat C, Lowe G, Böhm V. Lycopene and its antioxidant role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases—a critical review. Sawardekar SB, Patel TC, Uchil D. Comparative evaluation of antiplatelet effect of lycopene with aspirin and the effect of their combination on platelet aggregation: an in vitro study.

Indian J Pharmacol. Phang M, Lazarus S, Wood LG, Garg M. Diet and thrombosis risk: nutrients for prevention of thrombotic disease. Semin Thromb Hemost. Thies F, Mills LM, Moir S, Masson LF. Cardiovascular benefits of lycopene: fantasy or reality?

Proc Nutr Soc. Klipstein-Grobusch K, Launer LJ, Geleijnse JM, Boeing H, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Serum carotenoids and atherosclerosis. The Rotterdam study. Verghese M, Richardson JE, Boateng J, Shackelford LA, Howard C, Walker LT, et al.

Dietary lycopene has a protective effect on cardiovascular disease in New Zealand male rabbits. J Biological Sci. Kim OY, Yoe HY, Kim HJ, Park JY, Kim JY, Lee SH, et al. Independent inverse relationship between serum lycopene concentration and arterial stiffness.

Riccioni G, Scotti L, Di Ilio E, Bucciarelli V, Ballone E, De Girolamo M, et al. Lycopene and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents.

PubMed Abstract Google Scholar. Gajendragadkar PR, Hubsch A. Effects of oral lycopene supplementation on vascular function in patients with Cardiovascular disease and healthy volunteers: a randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE. Kim JY, Paik JK, Kim OY, Park HW, Lee JH, Jang Y, et al. Effects of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress and markers of endothelial function in healthy men.

McEwen BJ. The influence of diet and nutrients on platelet function. Rodríguez-Azúa R, Treuer A, Moore-Carrasco R, Cortacans D, Gutiérrez M, Astudillo L, et al. Effect of tomato industrial processing different hybrids, paste, and pomace on inhibition of platelet function in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo.

J Med Food. Palomo I, Fuentes E, Padro T, Badimon L. Platelets and atherogenesis: platelet antiaggregation activity and endothelial protection from tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum L.

Exp Ther Med. Yamamoto J, Taka TK, Yamada Y, Ijiri M, Murakami Y, Hirata A, et al. Tomatoes have natural anti-thrombotic effects. Br J Nutrit. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, et al. Eur Heart J. Cámara M, Sánchez-Mata MC, Fernández-Ruiz V, Cámara RM, Cebadera E, Domínguez L, et al.

Review of the role of micronutrients and bioactive compounds on immune system supporting to fight against the COVID disease. O'Kennedy N, Duttaroy AK.

Platelet hyperactivity in COVID can the tomato extract fruitflow® be used as an antiplatelet regime? Med Hypotheses. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, platelet, antiplatelet, tomato, lycopene, health claims.

Citation: Cámara M, Fernández-Ruiz V, Sánchez-Mata M-C, Cámara RM, Domínguez L and Sesso HD Scientific Evidence of the Beneficial Effects of Tomato Products on Cardiovascular Disease and Platelet Aggregation.

In a previous study by Kim et al. However, it was unclear from that particular study which of the antioxidants exerted the effects seen due to the mixed nature of the active intervention. One hypothesis is that a reduction in reactive oxygen species would increase the bioavailability of NO and potentially decrease DNA and protein damage [45].

Unfortunately, urinary isoprostane levels were below the lower detection limit of our assay for the majority of the samples, and there was wide variation in plasma nitrotyrosine levels, so we were unable to confirm this effect in this study.

Although tomato-based dietary studies suggested improvements in oxidative stress in-vivo [13] , [17] , [19] , the antioxidant mechanism of action for lycopene is controversial, with some authors suggesting that at the concentrations found in the body, this mechanism is unlikely to be significant [46].

Studies using other antioxidants suggest that structural modifications of the compound due to metabolic transformations in-vivo may profoundly affect bioactivity and mechanisms of action [47].

Several limitations of the study are worth highlighting. The study was designed as a proof-of-concept study investigating mechanistic actions of lycopene using forearm plethysmography.

The study was powered on the primary endpoint of forearm responses to ACh, which may explain why L-NMMA responses did not reach statistical significance in the CVD arm and similarly why other biomarker data was negative in a cohort with optimally controlled risk factors.

Lind et al. Drugs which improve CVD mortality such as statins, β-blockers, ACE-inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers have all shown beneficial effects on endothelial function as measured by forearm responses to ACh [31] , [49] — [51] , but no study has demonstrated that the reversal of endothelial dysfunction with an active intervention also alters CVD mortality in the same individuals.

These mechanistic results must therefore be confirmed with subsequent interventional clinical outcome studies. The choice of lycopene dose was limited by the availability of different dose regimens so we are unable to be definitive if a higher dose of lycopene may have altered endothelial responses in HVs.

The bioavailability of lycopene varies according to the preparation of tomatoes puree, ketchup etc. Studies consistently highlight the benefits of a diet high in fruits and vegetables for the secondary prevention of CVD, with more recent studies suggesting a role for olive oil consumed in conjunction with tomato products in primary prevention in patients with CVD risk factors [3] — [5].

Supplementing one component of this diet may not necessarily replace the benefits of a complex mixture of interacting nutrients as part of a healthy diet. However, our study does provide mechanistic evidence for the benefits of one such component of a Mediterranean diet in CVD patients.

We have demonstrated, in a double blind, randomised, controlled mechanistic trial, that lycopene improves endothelial function in CVD patients who demonstrated impaired function at baseline, despite optimal secondary prevention medication, but not in age-matched, HVs.

Our translational, in-vivo , physiological study provides a mechanistic explanation for the beneficial effects of lycopene, a component of the Mediterranean diet on the vasculature.

It reinforces the need for a healthy diet to augment endothelial function in at-risk populations despite optimal medical therapies. Most importantly, further interventional studies are warranted to determine if lycopene supplementation could alter cardiovascular outcomes in at-risk populations.

Chemical Structures of Selected Antioxidants. A Lycopene showing numerous double bonds; and B Vitamin E α — tocopherol. We acknowledge the help of the National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, for performing ox-LDL and urinary isoprostane assays, the Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit Cardiovascular for help in ethical submissions and study management, and the Scottish Trace Elements and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Glasgow, UK for performing the lycopene assays.

Conceived and designed the experiments: JC IBW. Performed the experiments: PRG AH KMM MS IBW JC. Analyzed the data: PRG AH MS KMM JC.

Wrote the paper: PRG AH KMM MS IBW JC. Browse Subject Areas? Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Article Authors Metrics Comments Media Coverage Reader Comments Figures.

Conclusions Lycopene supplementation improves endothelial function in CVD patients on optimal secondary prevention, but not in HVs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials. gov NCT Fairbanks School of Public Health, United States of America Received: September 12, ; Accepted: May 6, ; Published: June 9, Copyright: © Gajendragadkar et al.

Methods Study Design and Ethics Statement This was a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study comparing lycopene 7 mg with placebo Ateronon and matching placebo, Cambridge Theranostics, Cambridge, UK in two separate arms, namely CVD patients and HVs Figure 1.

Download: PPT. Study Populations There were two separate, yet parallel arms to our study — patients with CVD and separately, HVs. Interventions Lycopene 7 mg and placebo Ateronon and matching placebo in shape, size and colour were donated by Cambridge Theranostics Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Forearm Blood Flow Forearm blood flow FBF was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography Hokanson Inc, Bellevue, USA as previously described [25] using the protocol illustrated in Figure 2.

Arterial Stiffness Measurements of arterial stiffness were conducted as previously described [28]. Blood Pressure Subjects were asked to record resting, seated home blood pressure BP readings both morning and evening using a validated device for any seven days in the 2 weeks prior to vascular assessments.

Laboratory Assessments Blood samples were taken for routine haematology and clinical chemistry tests on day 1 and Safety Assessments A detailed collection of safety data, including bloods, adverse events and serious adverse events, were monitored throughout the study in accordance with Good Clinical Practice.

Statistical Methods For sample size calculation, the CVD and HV arms were treated as individual studies. Results The study protocol was approved in April and the final subject completed the study in May Figure 1.

Baseline Demographics The demographics of the lycopene and placebo treatment allocation groups for the separate CVD and HV arms are described in Table 1.

Figure 4. Post-hoc analysis of infused arm FBF values in response to ACh. Figure 5. Post-hoc correlation between serum lycopene concentrations and EDV. Arterial Stiffness There were no changes in arterial stiffness parameters between lycopene treated groups and placebo in CVD patients or HVs Tables 2 and 3.

Table 2. Vascular and Laboratory Assessments in CVD Patients Arm. Table 4. Post-hoc comparisons of baseline values between CVD Patients and HV arms. Blood Pressure Lycopene treated CVD patients achieved reductions in clinic peripheral and central diastolic blood pressure on day 56 compared to day 1 peripheral BP 2.

Laboratory Assessments Lycopene-treated patients in the CVD arm showed increases in serum lycopene compared with placebo-treated CVD patients Δ lycopene ±80 active vs. Safety and Compliance Assessments Oral lycopene supplementation was safe and well tolerated.

Discussion We have demonstrated that despite optimal secondary prevention medication, endothelial function is impaired in patients with cardiovascular disease, and this is improved by oral supplementation with 7 mg lycopene, without any concomitant changes in traditional risk factors such as BP or lipid profiles, or measures of inflammation.

Conclusions We have demonstrated, in a double blind, randomised, controlled mechanistic trial, that lycopene improves endothelial function in CVD patients who demonstrated impaired function at baseline, despite optimal secondary prevention medication, but not in age-matched, HVs.

Supporting Information. Figure S1. s TIF. Table S1. Mean SE FBF Values in CVD Patient Arm. s DOCX. Table S2. Mean SE FBF Values in Healthy Volunteer Arm. Table S3. Self-reported Adverse Events Profile.

Checklist S1. CONSORT Checklist. s DOC. Protocol S1. Trial Protocol. Acknowledgments We acknowledge the help of the National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory, Cambridge, UK, for performing ox-LDL and urinary isoprostane assays, the Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit Cardiovascular for help in ethical submissions and study management, and the Scottish Trace Elements and Micronutrient Reference Laboratory, Glasgow, UK for performing the lycopene assays.

Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: JC IBW. References 1. Müller-Nordhorn J, Binting S, Roll S, Willich SN An update on regional variation in cardiovascular mortality within Europe. Eur Heart J — View Article Google Scholar 2.

Serra-Majem L, Roman B, Estruch R Scientific evidence of interventions using the Mediterranean diet: a systematic review. Nutr Rev S27— View Article Google Scholar 3.

De Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, et al. Circulation — View Article Google Scholar 4. Dehghan M, Mente A, Teo KK, Gao P, Sleight P, et al. Circulation — View Article Google Scholar 5. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas M-I, Corella D, et al.

N Engl J Med — View Article Google Scholar 6. Di Mascio P, Kaiser S, Sies H Lycopene as the most efficient biological carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Arch Biochem Biophys — View Article Google Scholar 7. Hung C-F, Huang T-F, Chen B-H, Shieh J-M, Wu P-H, et al.

Eur J Pharmacol — View Article Google Scholar 8. Agarwal S, Rao AV Tomato lycopene and low density lipoprotein oxidation: a human dietary intervention study.

Lipids — View Article Google Scholar 9. Kohlmeier L, Kark JD, Gomez-Gracia E, Martin BC, Steck SE, et al. Am J Epidemiol — View Article Google Scholar Rissanen TH, Voutilainen S, Nyyssönen K, Lakka TA, Sivenius J, et al.

British Journal of Nutrition — View Article Google Scholar Rissanen TH, Voutilainen S, Nyyssönen K, Salonen R, Kaplan GA, et al. Am J Clin Nutr — Kim OY, Yoe HY, Kim HJ, Park JY, Kim JY, et al.

Atherosclerosis — View Article Google Scholar Upritchard JE, Sutherland WH, Mann JI Effect of supplementation with tomato juice, vitamin E, and vitamin C on LDL oxidation and products of inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes.

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Cardiovascular Lycopene and heart health CVD Maintaining muscle definition a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels Soccer nutrition strategies includes numerous problems, many of ad are related ad the process called Soccer nutrition strategies. The herat work heaart aimed to analyze Lycopene and heart health most relevant studies examining the potentially ajd effects heeart tomato products on both CVD prevention and antiplatelet aggregation as well as an European Food Safety Authority health claims evaluation on tomato and tomato products. The World Health Organization WHO defines cardiovascular disease CVD as disorders of the heart and blood vessels originated from a chronic inflammatory vascular process that affects the wall of medium-sized arteries and ends up producing endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. An important intermediate consequence of CVD is endothelial dysfunction, an alteration characterized by the functional loss of the vascular system that precedes the morphological changes characteristic of atherogenesis 1. Longer-term clinical trials examining clinical cardiology outcomes often define major cardiovascular events to include non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and CVD death. Tomatoes are Lycopene and heart health of Adn, vitamins, minerals, and an hralth of antioxidants. One of these bealth compounds healht called Potassium and fertility, which Lycopene and heart health many benefits for your heart. Lycopene is also found in other red, pink, and orange foods like watermelon, grapefruit, and papayas. Many studies have examined the health effects of consuming lycopene, and found that it has a lot to offer. One of the main areas of interest is heart health. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and many people have at least one risk factor for developing it.