J Sci Food Agric — Barros MP, Poppe SC, Bondan EF Neuroprotective properties of the marine carotenoid astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids, and perspectives for the natural combination of both in krill oil.

Nutrients — Bickford PC et al Nutraceutical intervention reverses the negative effects of blood from aged rats on stem cells. Age —7. Article CAS Google Scholar. Neurobiol Aging — Boussiba S Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis : cellular physiology and stress response.

Physiol Plant — Boussiba S, Bing W, Yuan J-P, Zarka A, Chen F Changes in pigments profile in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to environmental stresses.

Biotechnol Lett — Capelli B, Bagchi D, Cysewski GR Synthetic astaxanthin is significantly inferior to algal-based astaxanthin as an antioxidant and may not be suitable as a human nutraceutical supplement.

Nutrafoods — Chang C-H, Chen C-Y, Chiou J-Y, Peng RY, Peng C-H Astaxanthine secured apoptotic death of PC12 cells induced by β-amyloid peptide 25— its molecular action targets.

J Med Food — Chew BP, Mathison BD, Hayek MG, Massimino S, Reinhart GA, Park JS Dietary astaxanthin enhances immune response in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol — Choi HD, Kang HE, Yang SH, Lee MG, Shin WG Pharmacokinetics and first-pass metabolism of astaxanthin in rats.

Br J Nutr — Choi S-K, Park Y-S, Choi D-K, Chang H-I Effects of astaxanthin on the production of NO and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol — CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Ekdahl CT, Claasen J-H, Bonde S, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O Inflammation is detrimental for neurogenesis in adult brain.

Proc Natl Acad Sci — Finkel T, Holbrook NJ Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature — Furr HC, Clark RM Intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of carotenoids.

J Nutr Biochem — Giavarotti L et al. Glisky EL Changes in cognitive function in human aging brain aging: models, methods, and mechanisms:3— Goodall H, Reid A, Findlay D, Hind C, Kay J, Coghill G Irregular distortion of the erythrocytes acanthocytes, spur cells in senile dementia. Dis Markers — Sciences Google Scholar.

Guerin M, Huntley ME, Olaizola M Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition. Trends Biotechnol — Haider S et al Age-related learning and memory deficits in rats: role of altered brain neurotransmitters, acetylcholinesterase activity and changes in antioxidant defense system.

Age — Higuera-Ciapara I, Felix-Valenzuela L, Goycoolea F Astaxanthin: a review of its chemistry and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr — Hussein G, Nakamura M, Zhao Q, Iguchi T, Goto H, Sankawa U, Watanabe H Antihypertensive and neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in experimental animals.

Biol Pharm Bull — Jackson H, Braun CL, Ernst H The chemistry of novel xanthophyll carotenoids. Am J Cardiol S50—S Article Google Scholar. Neurology S—S. Katagiri M, Satoh A, Tsuji S, Shirasawa T Effects of astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract on cognitive function: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

J Clin Biochem Nutr — Kaulmann A, Bohn T Carotenoids, inflammation, and oxidative stress—implications of cellular signaling pathways and relation to chronic disease prevention. Nutr Res — Kawamoto EM, Vasconcelos AR, Degaspari S, Böhmer AE, Scavone C, Marcourakis T Age-related changes in nitric oxide activity, cyclic GMP, and TBARS levels in platelets and erythrocytes reflect the oxidative status in central nervous system.

Kettenmann H, Hanisch U-K, Noda M, Verkhratsky A Physiology of microglia. Physiol Rev — Kidd P Astaxanthin, cell membrane nutrient with diverse clinical benefits and anti-aging potential.

Altern Med Rev — PubMed Google Scholar. Kim J-H et al Astaxanthin inhibits H, O,-mediated apoptotic cell death in mouse neural progenitor cells via modulation of P38 and MEK signaling pathways.

Kim J-H, Kim Y-S, Song G-G, Park J-J, Chang H-I Protective effect of astaxanthin on naproxen-induced gastric antral ulceration in rats. Kim J-H, Nam S-W, Kim B-W, Choi W, Lee J-H, Kim W-J, Choi Y-H a Astaxanthin improves stem cell potency via an increase in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells.

Int J Mol Sci — Kim YH, Koh HK, Kim DS b Down-regulation of IL-6 production by astaxanthin via ERK-, MSK-, and NF-kappaB-mediated signals in activated microglia. Int Immunopharmacol — Komaki A, Karimi SA, Salehi I, Sarihi A, Shahidi S, Zarei M The treatment combination of vitamins E and C and astaxanthin prevents high-fat diet induced memory deficits in rats.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav — Kosenko E, Tikhonova L, Poghosyan A, Kaminsky Y Antioxidants in erythrocytes in aging and dementia. Biomeditsinskaya khimiya — Koutsilieri E, Scheller C, Tribl F, Riederer P Degeneration of neuronal cells due to oxidative stress—microglial contribution.

Parkinsonism Relat Disord — Lee D-H, Lee YJ, Kwon KH Neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in oxygen-glucose deprivation in SH-SY5Y cells and global cerebral ischemia in rat.

Food Chem Toxicol Li Z et al. Liu X, Luo Q, Cao Y, Goulette T, Liu X, Xiao H Mechanism of different stereoisomeric astaxanthin in resistance to oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Food Sci. Liu X, Shibata T, Hisaka S, Osawa T a Astaxanthin inhibits reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular toxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via mitochondria-targeted protective mechanism.

Brain Res — Liu X, Shibata T, Hisaka S, Osawa T b Astaxanthin inhibits reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular toxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via mitochondria-targeted protective mechanism.

Lobos P et al Astaxanthin protects primary hippocampal neurons against noxious effects of Abeta-oligomers. Neural Plast Lu Y et al Astaxanthin rescues neuron loss and attenuates oxidative stress induced by amygdala kindling in adult rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett — Lynch MA Age-related neuroinflammatory changes negatively impact on neuronal function.

Naguib YM Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids. J Agric Food Chem — Nakagawa K, Kiko T, Miyazawa T, Burdeos GC, Kimura F, Satoh A, Miyazawa T Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes.

Nguyen KD Astaxanthin: a comparative case of synthetic vs. natural production. Mattei R, Polotow TG, Vardaris CV, Guerra BA, Leite JR, Otton R, Barros MP Astaxanthin limits fish oil-related oxidative insult in the anterior forebrain of Wistar rats: putative anxiolytic effects?

Odeberg JM, Lignell Å, Pettersson A, Höglund P Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci — Otton R, Marin DP, Bolin AP, dos Santos RD, Polotow TG, Sampaio SC, de Barros MP Astaxanthin ameliorates the redox imbalance in lymphocytes of experimental diabetic rats.

Chem Biol Interact — Panis G, Carreon JR Commercial astaxanthin production derived by green alga Haematococcus pluvialis : a microalgae process model and a techno-economic assessment all through production line. Algal Res — doi: Park SK, Kim K, Page GP, Allison DB, Weindruch R, Prolla TA Gene expression profiling of aging in multiple mouse strains: identification of aging biomarkers and impact of dietary antioxidants.

Aging cell — Park J, Mathison B, Hayek M, Zhang J, Reinhart G, Chew B Astaxanthin modulates age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy dogs. J Anim Sci — Peng S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Ren B ERK in learning and memory: a review of recent research.

Polich J, Ehlers CL, Otis S, Mandell AJ, Bloom FE P latency reflects the degree of cognitive decline in dementing illness. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol — Puertas M, Martinez-Martos J, Cobo M, Carrera M, Mayas M, Ramirez-Exposito M Plasma oxidative stress parameters in men and women with early stage Alzheimer type dementia.

Exp Gerontol — Régnier P et al Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis prevents oxidative stress on human endothelial cells without toxicity. Marine drugs — Sahay A et al Increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve pattern separation.

Satoh A et al a Preliminary clinical evaluation of toxicity and efficacy of a new astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract. Satoh A et al b Preliminary clinical evaluation of toxicity and efficacy of a new astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract.

Seabra LMAJ, LFC P Astaxanthin: structural and functional aspects. Rev Nutr — Shen H et al Astaxanthin reduces ischemic brain injury in adult rats. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology — Shetty GA, Hattiangady B, Shetty AK Neural stem cell-and neurogenesis-related gene expression profiles in the young and aged dentate gyrus.

Stranahan AM, Mattson MP Recruiting adaptive cellular stress responses for successful brain ageing. Nat Rev Neurosci — CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Thangthaeng N, Poulose SM, Gomes SM, Miller MG, Bielinski DF, Shukitt-Hale B Tart cherry supplementation improves working memory, hippocampal inflammation, and autophagy in aged rats.

Wahl D et al Nutritional strategies to optimise cognitive function in the aging brain. Ageing Res Rev — Wang X, Michaelis EK Selective neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in the brain Frontiers in aging neuroscience Wibrand K, Berge K, Messaoudi M, Duffaud A, Panja D, Bramham CR, Burri L Enhanced cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after krill oil supplementation in rats.

Lipids Health Dis — Woodside JV, McGrath AJ, Lyner N, MC MK Carotenoids and health in older people. Maturitas — Wu W et al Astaxanthin alleviates brain aging in rats by attenuating oxidative stress and increasing BDNF levels.

Food Funct — Clin Exp Pathol — Neurosci — Yook JS et al Astaxanthin supplementation enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in mice.

Mol Nutr Food Res — Yuan J-P, Chen F, Liu X, Li X-Z Carotenoid composition in the green microalga. Chlorococcum Food Chemistry — Yuan JP, Peng J, Yin K, Wang JH Potential health-promoting effects of astaxanthin: a high-value carotenoid mostly from microalgae.

Environ Geochem Health — Zhang XS et al a Astaxanthin offers neuroprotection and reduces neuroinflammation in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

J Surg Res — Mar Drugs — Zhang XS et al c Amelioration of oxidative stress and protection against early brain injury by astaxanthin after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery — You have all these rich famous people paying to get their kids into these elite schools.

You want your brain performing at its full capacity in order to get into good schools in order to succeed in business once you get out into the business world. The first clinical took place in the United States, and focused on psychological mood state.

The control group received a matching placebo. Scientists observed significant improvements in three critical markers including feelings of depression, mental fatigue and overall mood state [psychological well-being] were found at the end of the study.

To clarify how the scientists came to this conclusion using healthy subjects who displayed no depression, Capelli told NutraIngredients-USA that the results from the study were for psychological mood state and, as such, were gathered by subjective questions.

Capelli, also a co-author on the US study, said they also saw trends toward improvement in other important mental health parameters such as tension, anger and mental confusion.

He said due to climbing life expectancies, cognitive health supplements sales are increasing too. So when you get older, you start to worry about your brain, eyes and vital organs that deteriorate over time.

People are looking for preventative ways to make sure they can last through their golden years with good mental capacity.

The subjects in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study were healthy adults experiencing mild forgetfulness. Twenty-two subjects took H. pluvialis-derived astaxanthin 9 mg soft capsules and the 22 subjects in the placebo group took safflower oil pills.

After twelve weeks of taking NAX AstaZine , the treatment group showed a statistically significant improvement compared to placebo on two tests for cognitive function and memory. Both verbal and composite memory significantly improved as tested by Cognitrax a computerized testing system used to monitor and measure brain performance.

Composite memory increased by Capelli said he would like to see his company and NAXA pool their funds to conduct larger studies down the road.

Show more. Content provided by Fruit d'Or Feb White Paper. Consumers are increasingly interested in the benefits of omegas supplements. According to forecasts for —, the global omega-3 market is expected Content provided by Verdure Sciences Feb White Paper. Cognitive health, mental acuity and brain support categories have seen tremendous growth.

Free radicals are molecules with an uneven amount of electrons. Problem is, electrons operate in pairs. And so, free radicals scavenge electrons from healthy cells and, as a result, create more free radicals 2. Antioxidants, on the other hand, are gifted with an extra electron, which can be used to neutralise free radicals.

As such, they safeguard the body and keep free radicals in check. And their defences can be overwhelmed by free radicals. Chronic oxidative stress has been implicated in the development and progression of neurodegenerative conditions 3.

Freshwater algae, crab, prawns, salmon — especially wild salmon — and yeast are excellent dietary astaxanthin sources 6. Indeed, to get 3. This salmon would have to be wild, too — not farmed.

The rich red hues of wild salmon are attributed to their diet of astaxanthin-rich algae, which can only be found in open waters. Taking a quality, natural astaxanthin supplement, on the other hand, is a simple, convenient, and effective way to include this powerful antioxidant in your diet.

To learn more about astaxanthin, head back to our dedicated health blog. Disclaimer: The information presented by Nature's Best is for informational purposes only. It is based on scientific studies human, animal, or in vitro , clinical experience, or traditional usage as cited in each article.

The results reported may not necessarily occur in all individuals. Self-treatment is not recommended for life-threatening conditions that require medical treatment under a doctor's care. For many of the conditions discussed, treatment with prescription or over the counter medication is also available.

Keri Filtness has worked in the Nutrition Industry for 19 years. She is regularly called upon for her professional comments on health and nutrition related news. She has also worked one to one with journalists, analysing their diets and health concerns and recommending changes and additions, where appropriate.

Search Other Blogs. Dietary sources of astaxanthin Freshwater algae, crab, prawns, salmon — especially wild salmon — and yeast are excellent dietary astaxanthin sources 6. References Naguib YM. Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids.

Barnham, K. The interest in this compound has increased dramatically over the last few years and many studies are now applying this molecule across many disease models.

Results from the current research are beginning to come together to suggest neuroprotective properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects, as well as the potential to promote or maintain neural plasticity. These emergent mechanisms of actions implicate AXT as a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disease.

This review will examine and extrapolate from the recent literature to build support for the use of AXT in mitigating neuropathy in normal aging and neurodegenerative disease. This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Rent this article via DeepDyve. Institutional subscriptions. Abadie-Guedes R, Santos SD, Cahu TB, Guedes RC, de Souza Bezerra R Dose-dependent effects of astaxanthin on cortical spreading depression in chronically ethanol-treated adult rats.

Alcohol Clin Exp Res — Acosta S, Jernberg J, Sanberg C, Sanberg P, Small BJ, Gemma C, Bickford PC NT, a natural therapeutic approach to optimize spatial memory performance and increase neural progenitor cell proliferation and decrease inflammation in the aged rat. Rejuvenation Res — Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar.

Al-Amin MM, Akhter S, Hasan AT, Alam T, Hasan SN, Saifullah A, Shohel M a The antioxidant effect of astaxanthin is higher in young mice than aged: a region specific study on brain.

Metab Brain Dis — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Al-Amin MM, Rahman MM, Khan FR, Zaman F, Mahmud Reza H b Astaxanthin improves behavioral disorder and oxidative stress in prenatal valproic acid-induced mice model of autism.

Behav Brain Res — doi: Al-Amin MM et al a Astaxanthin ameliorates aluminum chloride-induced spatial memory impairment and neuronal oxidative stress in mice.

Eur J Pharmacol — Al-Amin MM, Sultana R, Sultana S, Rahman MM, Reza HM b Astaxanthin ameliorates prenatal LPS-exposed behavioral deficits and oxidative stress in adult offspring BMC neuroscience Ambati RR, Phang S-M, Ravi S, Aswathanarayana RG Astaxanthin: sources, extraction, stability, biological activities and its commercial applications—a review.

Marine Drugs — Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Arvanitakis Z, Fleischman DA, Arfanakis K, Leurgans SE, Barnes LL, Bennett DA Association of white matter hyperintensities and gray matter volume with cognition in older individuals without cognitive impairment.

Brain Struct Funct — Article PubMed Google Scholar. Bachstetter AD et al Spirulina promotes stem cell genesis and protects against LPS induced declines in neural stem cell proliferation.

PLoS One 5:e Balietti M et al The effect of astaxanthin on the aging rat brain: gender-related differences in modulating inflammation. J Sci Food Agric — Barros MP, Poppe SC, Bondan EF Neuroprotective properties of the marine carotenoid astaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids, and perspectives for the natural combination of both in krill oil.

Nutrients — Bickford PC et al Nutraceutical intervention reverses the negative effects of blood from aged rats on stem cells. Age —7. Article CAS Google Scholar. Neurobiol Aging — Boussiba S Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis : cellular physiology and stress response.

Physiol Plant — Boussiba S, Bing W, Yuan J-P, Zarka A, Chen F Changes in pigments profile in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis exposed to environmental stresses.

Biotechnol Lett — Capelli B, Bagchi D, Cysewski GR Synthetic astaxanthin is significantly inferior to algal-based astaxanthin as an antioxidant and may not be suitable as a human nutraceutical supplement. Nutrafoods — Chang C-H, Chen C-Y, Chiou J-Y, Peng RY, Peng C-H Astaxanthine secured apoptotic death of PC12 cells induced by β-amyloid peptide 25— its molecular action targets.

J Med Food — Chew BP, Mathison BD, Hayek MG, Massimino S, Reinhart GA, Park JS Dietary astaxanthin enhances immune response in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol — Choi HD, Kang HE, Yang SH, Lee MG, Shin WG Pharmacokinetics and first-pass metabolism of astaxanthin in rats.

Br J Nutr — Choi S-K, Park Y-S, Choi D-K, Chang H-I Effects of astaxanthin on the production of NO and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

J Microbiol Biotechnol — CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Ekdahl CT, Claasen J-H, Bonde S, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O Inflammation is detrimental for neurogenesis in adult brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci — Finkel T, Holbrook NJ Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing.

Nature — Furr HC, Clark RM Intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of carotenoids. J Nutr Biochem — Giavarotti L et al. Glisky EL Changes in cognitive function in human aging brain aging: models, methods, and mechanisms:3— Goodall H, Reid A, Findlay D, Hind C, Kay J, Coghill G Irregular distortion of the erythrocytes acanthocytes, spur cells in senile dementia.

Dis Markers — Sciences Google Scholar. Guerin M, Huntley ME, Olaizola M Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition. Trends Biotechnol — Haider S et al Age-related learning and memory deficits in rats: role of altered brain neurotransmitters, acetylcholinesterase activity and changes in antioxidant defense system.

Age — Higuera-Ciapara I, Felix-Valenzuela L, Goycoolea F Astaxanthin: a review of its chemistry and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr — Hussein G, Nakamura M, Zhao Q, Iguchi T, Goto H, Sankawa U, Watanabe H Antihypertensive and neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in experimental animals.

Biol Pharm Bull — Jackson H, Braun CL, Ernst H The chemistry of novel xanthophyll carotenoids. Am J Cardiol S50—S Article Google Scholar.

Neurology S—S. Katagiri M, Satoh A, Tsuji S, Shirasawa T Effects of astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract on cognitive function: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Biochem Nutr — Kaulmann A, Bohn T Carotenoids, inflammation, and oxidative stress—implications of cellular signaling pathways and relation to chronic disease prevention.

Nutr Res — Kawamoto EM, Vasconcelos AR, Degaspari S, Böhmer AE, Scavone C, Marcourakis T Age-related changes in nitric oxide activity, cyclic GMP, and TBARS levels in platelets and erythrocytes reflect the oxidative status in central nervous system.

Kettenmann H, Hanisch U-K, Noda M, Verkhratsky A Physiology of microglia. Physiol Rev — Kidd P Astaxanthin, cell membrane nutrient with diverse clinical benefits and anti-aging potential. Altern Med Rev — PubMed Google Scholar. Kim J-H et al Astaxanthin inhibits H, O,-mediated apoptotic cell death in mouse neural progenitor cells via modulation of P38 and MEK signaling pathways.

Kim J-H, Kim Y-S, Song G-G, Park J-J, Chang H-I Protective effect of astaxanthin on naproxen-induced gastric antral ulceration in rats. Kim J-H, Nam S-W, Kim B-W, Choi W, Lee J-H, Kim W-J, Choi Y-H a Astaxanthin improves stem cell potency via an increase in the proliferation of neural progenitor cells.

Int J Mol Sci — Kim YH, Koh HK, Kim DS b Down-regulation of IL-6 production by astaxanthin via ERK-, MSK-, and NF-kappaB-mediated signals in activated microglia. Int Immunopharmacol — Komaki A, Karimi SA, Salehi I, Sarihi A, Shahidi S, Zarei M The treatment combination of vitamins E and C and astaxanthin prevents high-fat diet induced memory deficits in rats.

Pharmacol Biochem Behav — Kosenko E, Tikhonova L, Poghosyan A, Kaminsky Y Antioxidants in erythrocytes in aging and dementia. Biomeditsinskaya khimiya — Koutsilieri E, Scheller C, Tribl F, Riederer P Degeneration of neuronal cells due to oxidative stress—microglial contribution.

Parkinsonism Relat Disord — Lee D-H, Lee YJ, Kwon KH Neuroprotective effects of astaxanthin in oxygen-glucose deprivation in SH-SY5Y cells and global cerebral ischemia in rat. Food Chem Toxicol Li Z et al.

Liu X, Luo Q, Cao Y, Goulette T, Liu X, Xiao H Mechanism of different stereoisomeric astaxanthin in resistance to oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Food Sci. Liu X, Shibata T, Hisaka S, Osawa T a Astaxanthin inhibits reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular toxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via mitochondria-targeted protective mechanism.

Brain Res — Liu X, Shibata T, Hisaka S, Osawa T b Astaxanthin inhibits reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular toxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells via mitochondria-targeted protective mechanism. Lobos P et al Astaxanthin protects primary hippocampal neurons against noxious effects of Abeta-oligomers.

Neural Plast Lu Y et al Astaxanthin rescues neuron loss and attenuates oxidative stress induced by amygdala kindling in adult rat hippocampus. Neurosci Lett — Lynch MA Age-related neuroinflammatory changes negatively impact on neuronal function.

Naguib YM Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids. J Agric Food Chem — Nakagawa K, Kiko T, Miyazawa T, Burdeos GC, Kimura F, Satoh A, Miyazawa T Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. Nguyen KD Astaxanthin: a comparative case of synthetic vs.

natural production. Mattei R, Polotow TG, Vardaris CV, Guerra BA, Leite JR, Otton R, Barros MP Astaxanthin limits fish oil-related oxidative insult in the anterior forebrain of Wistar rats: putative anxiolytic effects?

Odeberg JM, Lignell Å, Pettersson A, Höglund P Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci — Otton R, Marin DP, Bolin AP, dos Santos RD, Polotow TG, Sampaio SC, de Barros MP Astaxanthin ameliorates the redox imbalance in lymphocytes of experimental diabetic rats.

Chem Biol Interact — Panis G, Carreon JR Commercial astaxanthin production derived by green alga Haematococcus pluvialis : a microalgae process model and a techno-economic assessment all through production line.

Algal Res — doi: Park SK, Kim K, Page GP, Allison DB, Weindruch R, Prolla TA Gene expression profiling of aging in multiple mouse strains: identification of aging biomarkers and impact of dietary antioxidants. Aging cell — Park J, Mathison B, Hayek M, Zhang J, Reinhart G, Chew B Astaxanthin modulates age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in healthy dogs.

J Anim Sci — Peng S, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Ren B ERK in learning and memory: a review of recent research. Polich J, Ehlers CL, Otis S, Mandell AJ, Bloom FE P latency reflects the degree of cognitive decline in dementing illness. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol — Puertas M, Martinez-Martos J, Cobo M, Carrera M, Mayas M, Ramirez-Exposito M Plasma oxidative stress parameters in men and women with early stage Alzheimer type dementia.

Exp Gerontol — Régnier P et al Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis prevents oxidative stress on human endothelial cells without toxicity. Marine drugs — Sahay A et al Increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve pattern separation.

Satoh A et al a Preliminary clinical evaluation of toxicity and efficacy of a new astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract. Satoh A et al b Preliminary clinical evaluation of toxicity and efficacy of a new astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract.

Seabra LMAJ, LFC P Astaxanthin: structural and functional aspects.