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It also lists respirratory side effects, Antioxidant supplements, and recommended dosages. American ginseng is a distinctive type of ginseng used in traditional Chinese medicine.
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The most significant benefit was seen in people who took 2, milligrams mg redpiratory for eight weeks. Similar results Gonseng seen in Gniseng review examing the effects of American ginseng on people Ginsneg cancer-related fatigue.
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As an added bonus, American ginseng does not interact with commonly prescribed chemotherapy drugs like tamoxifendoxorubicin, methotrexate, or fluorouracil.
Limited evidence suggests that Respiartory ginseng may improve cognitive function in some people. This includes the ability to learn, Ginsrng, reason, and remember. A study reported that healthy adults bealth received a single mg dose respkratory an Ginseng for respiratory health ginseng extract called Cereboost had increased working memorypeaking within three hours of the Ginsenng.
The findings Ginseng for respiratory health limited by the small size of the Ginseng for respiratory health 52 adults and the BMR calculator for women of a control group meaning a group given a sham placebo. A study Hydration for travel 61 adults showed longer-lasting improvements in working hwalth after taking mg of Cereboost daily for two weeks.
For this study, a control group was included, but the findings were limited by the fact that the research was funded by the manufacturer, Naturex SA.
An unrelated study published in reported that an American ginseng extract taken twice daily for four weeks improved the working memory of 32 people with schizophrenia compared to a matched set of adults given a placebo.
A review of 16 ginseng trials concluded that the fasting blood sugar was modestly lowered by taking ginseng. Three of the 16 studies looked at American ginseng specifically. A study involving 24 adults with well-controlled type 2 diabetes showed that a 3, mg dose of American ginseng taken daily helped control blood sugar.
At the end of the eight-week study, the people given American ginseng had lower hemoglobin A1C levels, fasting blood sugar, and systolic blood pressure than those given a placebo. The findings were limited by the fact that the participants' blood sugar was already controlled by medications.
At present, there is no evidence that ginseng is able to manage diabetes on its own. According to a review of studies in the Journal of Complementary and Alternative MedicineAmerican ginseng may offer protection against common viral respiratory infections like colds and flu.
This supported earlier research in which American ginseng appeared to reduce the risk and duration of colds and flu in older adults with weakened immune systems. A analysis published in Complementary Therapy and Medicine suggested that American ginseng may help prevent or treat seasonal respiratory infections in some people, but that the evidence wasn't strong enough to offer a clear conclusion.
Preliminary studies have investigated American ginseng for the following conditions:. The U. Food and Drug Administration FDA has not approved American ginseng for use in treating or preventing any medical condition.
Ginseng should not be used in place of medications prescribed for you by your healthcare provider. American ginseng is generally regarded as safe. In clinical trials, doses of 2, mg daily were well-tolerated and had the same rate of side effects as a placebo.
Possible side effects include:. The long-term side effects of ginseng use aren't known. Some groups of people should take special precautions when using American ginseng and may need to avoid it altogether.
These include conditions like:. There is no recommended dosage of American ginseng in any form. Never exceed the recommended dosage on the product label, or ask your healthcare provider for advice.
American ginseng has been studied at the following dosages:. At these doses, American ginseng is unlikely to cause toxicity. At higher doses—typically 15 grams 1, mg or more per day—some people develop "ginseng abuse syndrome" characterized by diarrhea, dizziness, skin rash, heart palpitations, and depression.
American ginseng may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medications and supplements. These include:. To avoid interactions, tell your healthcare provider if you intend to use any supplement. American ginseng is an ingredient found in many commercial food products in the United States.
It can also be purchased online or in stores in supplement form. American ginseng is used as an additive in some energy drinks and ginger candies. There are also American ginseng teas sold in grocery stores, supplements stores, and health food shops.
Whole dried root and granulated ginseng root can also be used to make teas and tonics. As a supplement, American ginseng is available as a tablet, capsule, powder, extract, or tincture. Tablets and capsules may be better options than whole root ginseng as you can control the dose. Store ginseng tea, supplements, and dried root in airtight containers in a cool, dry place.
Keep away from children and pets. Discard after one year or by the expiration date on the product label. Dietary supplements are not strictly regulated in the United States, To ensure quality, choose supplements that have been voluntarily submitted for testing by an independent certifying body like U.
Pharmacopeia USPConsumerLab, or NSF International. Certification does mean that the supplement works or is inherently safe.
It simply means that no contaminants were found and that the product contains the ingredients listed on the product label in the correct amounts. Some other supplements that may improve cognitive function and decrease stress are:. Supplements that have been studied for the treatment or prevention of respiratory viruses like the cold or flu include:.
Limited evidence suggests that American ginseng may help improve fatigue, mental function, diabetes, and respiratory infections like the cold and flu.
Side effects and drug interactions are possible, and American ginseng can be dangerous if taken during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or in people with schizophrenia or certain cancers. In some cases, integrative medicine shouldn't be a substitute for standard medical care.
Use first-line treatments, and discuss with your healthcare provider about adding alternatives like American ginseng and other herbal remedies. Thirteen Panax species have been identified, the most common being Panax ginseng Korean ginseng and Panax quinquefolius American ginseng.
Some sources suggest taking American ginseng in the summer because it's thought to cool the body. However, little scientific evidence supports this. During active treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy CBTa form of talk therapy and hypnosis may be helpful.
After treatment, some options that may reduce fatigue include acupressuremindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and qigong. Szczuka D, Nowak A, Zakłos-Szyda M, et al.
American Ginseng Panax quinquefolium L. as a source of bioactive phytochemicals with pro-health properties. American Ginseng. Mancuso C, Santangelo R.
Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius: From pharmacology to toxicology. Food Chem Toxicol. Roe AL, Venkataraman A. The safety and efficacy of botanicals with nootropic effects. Curr Neuropharmacol. Arring NM, Millstine D, Marks LA, Nail LM.
Ginseng as a treatment for fatigue: A systematic review. J Altern Complement Med. Arring NM, Barton DL, Brooks T, Zick SM. Integrative therapies for cancer-related fatigue. Cancer J. Ossoukhova A, Owen L, Savage K, et al.
: Ginseng for respiratory health| How Ginseng Supports Healthy Lung Functions | More research is needed to confirm if it has any benefit as a supplement. Researchers believe that ginsenosides, chemical components found in ginseng, are responsible for any clinical effects of the herb. Western scientists and health professionals often question the medicinal properties of ginseng. There is no conclusive evidence about its true effectiveness. Ginseng products can vary in their quality and potential medicinal properties. A person should check the ingredients of any ginseng product before purchase, as some products may contain a small or negligible amount of ginseng, and some could contain other substances. Ginseng may help stimulate physical and mental activity in people who feel weak and tired. One study of 21 men and 69 women found that ginseng showed good results in helping people with chronic fatigue. A study of people receiving cancer treatment found that ginseng helped reduce cancer-related fatigue. However, researchers only documented the energy-boosting effects of ginseng in people currently undergoing treatment. Ginseng did not show statistically significant improvements in people who had already finished cancer treatment. Ginseng may improve thinking processes and cognition. A report examined the accuracy of this claim. This report concluded that, based on human and animal studies, ginseng components have the potential to treat some cognitive deficits. These studies showed ginseng could reduce oxidative stress, which could lead to enhancement in cognitive function. The study involved 14 people, three men, and 11 women, with a median age of The patients received 4. The study concluded that the Korean red ginseng helped improve frontal brain lobe function. Ginseng may reduce inflammation. According to a study , ginsenosides, the active components of ginseng, may target pathways in the immune system that could reduce inflammation. Men may take ginseng to treat erectile dysfunction. A systematic review tested the effects of red ginseng on erectile dysfunction. The review demonstrated that the number of trials, total sample size, and the quality of the experimental methods were not enough to demonstrate ongoing clinical benefit. A study of men with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction found that ginseng berry extract improved overall sexual function. The study lasted 8 weeks, during which some of the group received Korean ginseng berry extract, and others received a placebo. More research is needed to determine if ginseng is a reliable treatment for erectile dysfunction. Research on the effects of ginseng on mice suggests a possible link between ginseng and the treatment and prevention of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus RSV. Findings of another study suggested that red ginseng extract could improve the survival of human lung epithelial cells infected with the influenza virus. It is undetermined exactly how the anti-viral mechanisms in ginseng work based on the above study. A study suggests that ginseng may help lower blood sugar and help treat diabetes. Ginsenosides may affect insulin production in the pancreas and improve insulin resistance using other mechanisms. Another study showed similar benefits of ginseng on lowering blood sugar. Some participants took 2. Researchers found that ginseng was effective in lowering blood sugar and increasing insulin levels after a meal compared to the placebo. More clinical studies and standardization of ginseng root are needed to determine whether ginseng is a possible complementary therapy for diabetes. Researchers also need to investigate what specific doses might be effective. Although ginseng is generally safe to consume, people have reported the following side effects:. Women may also experience swollen breasts and vaginal bleeding. People may experience a moderate interaction when using ginseng with a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs. Ginseng can alter the effects of blood pressure, diabetes, and heart medications, including calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine. Never take ginseng and heart medications at the same time without first consulting a doctor. The herb can also increase the risk of bleeding when taken with blood thinners, such as warfarin or aspirin. While researchers have not confirmed the various potential health benefits of ginseng supplements, it is usually safe for a person to take the herb in small doses. Ginseng supplements are available to purchase online. A person should compare brands and individual products to ensure the supplement they are purchasing is suitable and safe for them. Always speak to a doctor before taking a new supplement. Ginger may relieve nausea and gastrointestinal irritation and reduce pain and inflammation. Learn more here. Do you often feel sluggish and would like to give your energy levels a boost? Read this Spotlight for research-backed suggestions on how to achieve…. Learn about the possible uses for Rhodiola rosea, an herb that has been used in medicine for centuries. Yet, for the drugs so far developed, clinical usefulness has been limited by adverse effects [ 8 , 9 ]. Current internationally accepted guidelines recommend symptomatic treatment for COPD with short or long-acting bronchodilators [ 5 ]. Although commonly used in mild to moderate COPD patients GOLD stages I and II in the community, inhaled steroids are not recommended for this group of patients [ 5 ]. It is in this group of symptomatic moderate patients GOLD stage II , who are often exposed to inhaled steroids without any evidence of benefit, but are at risk of long-term side-effects such as cataracts and osteoporosis, that we seek an alternative and safe treatment approach in this important clinical study. There is growing interest and use of complementary and alternative medicines for the management of COPD. A recent study in Australia suggested that nearly one in six Despite increasing use by COPD sufferers, there is inadequate evidence to support routine use of herbal therapies. Panax ginseng C. A Meyer ginseng root is an important Chinese herbal medicine in use for thousands of years. Recently pharmacologically active constituents have been identified, most notably ginsenosides [ 11 ]. Potentially relevant activities of these constituents for COPD include, inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines [ 12 ], reduction of oxidative stress [ 13 ], anti-protease properties [ 14 ] and elevation of cAMP [ 15 ]. As well as having pharmacologically active constituents, ginseng has an excellent safety profile and is well tolerated by patients [ 16 ]. A recent systematic review evaluating ginseng formulae for stable COPD showed promising evidence of lung function and QoL improvements. Included studies had certain methodological weaknesses [ 17 ] however these encouraging results prompt the need for rigorously designed randomised controlled trials RCTs of high methodological quality. This study is a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-armed parallel clinical trial, comparing a standardised ginseng extract to placebo. The design of the study will integrate rigorous, contemporary clinical research methodology in accord with principles set out in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Practice guidelines with the theory that guides the appropriate use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical practice. Reporting will be guided by the CONSORT statement [ 18 , 19 ], including relevant intervention extensions relating to herbal medicines [ 20 ]. Two hospitals in Melbourne, Australia will randomly assign patients with moderate COPD at a ratio of into the ginseng group or matching placebo. Consenting eligible participants will be enrolled for 52 weeks and will be required to attend 6 visits in total. The trial is designed in three phases, 4 weeks run-in; to ensure participants are clinically stable with respect to their COPD, 24 weeks treatment; with either ginseng or placebo capsules, and 24 weeks follow-up Figure 1. Ongoing recruitment will occur for a maximum period of 21 months October and June or until a sample of individuals are randomised. Interested participants can telephone or email the trial co-ordinators at the corresponding sites for further information. Participant information and consent forms will be sent to interested individuals to read over prior to scheduling their first visit. current smokers; 2 individuals with a diagnosis of alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency; 3 a history of asthma or chronic systemic infections or inflammatory conditions in the last three months; 4 pregnancy, breast-feeding or women intending to become pregnant during the course of the study; 5 serious illnesses such as heart, liver or kidney diseases; 6 those who are unable to adequately perform spirometry tests; 7 those taking long-term immunosuppressive agents or immunostimulants; 8 those who have an allergic history to ginseng products; 9 those currently using a ginseng-containing product or have used a ginseng product within the last three months; 10 those who are current users of anticoagulants, anti-hyperglycaemics or monoamine oxidase inhibitor anti-depressants; and 11 those who have undertaken pulmonary rehabilitation within three months of the commencement of the study, or intend to enter pulmonary rehabilitation during the study. Preliminary screening for eligibility will be undertaken at Visit 1 and during the 4-week run-in period. After this period if suitability continues, participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, ginseng or matching placebo. Continued suitability requires that they be clinically stable and not have experienced an acute infective exacerbation of COPD during the run-in period and that post-bronchodilator spirometry values stay within the moderate Stage II range. Individuals who do not meet the preliminary criteria will not be randomised and their participation in the trial will be discontinued. Participants' self-reported respiratory symptoms, smoking status, current medications and other medical conditions will be documented at baseline and throughout. As well as a conventional diagnosis of COPD performed by a physician, participants must also meet the appropriate Chinese medicine syndrome classifications of Lung Qi deficiency or Lung and Spleen Qi deficiency. A registered Chinese medicine practitioner will perform this diagnosis and only those with either of the two syndromes will be accepted into the study. This study has been approved by the relevant local human research ethics committees HRECs of the participating centres. Any amendments to the study protocol will be submitted to the HRECs for approval. All eligible subjects will be randomised using two different sizes of block randomisation sequences generated by computer and stratified by site. Treatment allocation numbers will be entered into individually sealed opaque envelopes and provided to each site. At the time of randomisation participants will draw an envelope. Each envelope contains a number that is concealed to the treatment allocation. Randomisation sequence and allocation will be concealed to all study subjects, research staff, investigators and pharmacists until completion of the study. The allocation list will be protected by password access files and held by a non-investigator independent. In the event of an emergency medical situation the individual's randomisation code and group allocation could be identified. The sample size calculation is based on the effect size on QoL changes in COPD subjects, in a RCT of one of the most commonly used long-acting beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonists salmeterol [ 21 ]. Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied to minimise bias due to drop-outs. A standardised Panax ginseng C. A Meyer Araliaceae; Asian ginseng or Renshen root extract will be used as treatment. The ginseng and matching placebo i. identical appearance, taste and odour will be dispensed as mg gel-filled soft capsules for oral intake twice daily, for a total of 24 weeks. The standardised ginseng extract and matching lactose-based placebo will be manufactured in accordance with good manufacturing practice GMP by Ginsana SA, Switzerland. Routine quality control checks will be undertaken on the packaging and contents of the batch to ensure stability and quality with handling and storage also following GMP procedures. The dosage of ginseng was determined by referencing previous clinical trials for the same indication [ 22 , 23 ], and by recommendations from the manufacturer. This product is listed for use as an herbal medicine with the TGA Australia ARTG Throughout the trial, participants will be supplied with symptomatic relief medication, a short acting beta2-agonist Salbutamol, to be used on an as needed basis. To monitor medication compliance, participants will be required to document such use in a take home diary. Participants will be asked to return any capsules they have neglected to take so that these can be checked against the diary entries. Participants will be advised not to take certain COPD medications throughout the trial. ICS are recommended for more advanced COPD sufferers and those with repeated exacerbations [ 1 ]. The use of a long acting anti-cholinergics will be allowed. The trial defines exacerbations as at least a 2-day persistence of at least two major symptoms, such as worsening dyspnoea and an increase in sputum purulence, volume, or both, or of any single major symptom plus more than one minor symptom upper airway infection, unexplained fever, increased wheezing [ 24 ]. The primary outcome measures will be QoL improvement assessed by using three validated and self-administered questionnaires. Participants will complete the three questionnaires at each visit, 6 times in total Week 0, 4, 16, 28, 40 and Table 1. Routine calibration and standard operating procedures will be uniformly undertaken at each site. Participants will be asked to perform spirometry at each visit, 6 times in total Week 0, 4, 16, 28, 40 and Participants will be advised not to use respiratory medications for several hours prior to their spirometry testing. Two sets of measurements will be taken at each visit, pre-bronchodilator and post-bronchodilator post μg of inhaled Salbutamol. Any adverse events will be listed in the trial record and followed-up to completion by the trial co-ordinators and respiratory physicians. Participants will be able to report adverse events anytime throughout the trial and will receive advice accordingly. Serious adverse events will be reported to the reviewing HREC and site HRECs within the timeframe specified by the lead HREC. Throughout the study period 52 weeks trial coordinators will contact the participant's usual treating doctor to record relevant data on presentations and exacerbations. To assist with outcome documentation and medication compliance, participants will be given a participant diary to complete on a daily basis for the duration of the trial. They will be asked to record trial medication and relief medication usage as well as any new medications they commence during the trial. Participants may withdraw from the study for any reason at any time without repercussion. They will only be withdrawn by investigators if it is deemed medically unsafe for them to continue. Dropouts will not be replaced. The trial data will be analysed by an independent biostatistician who will be blinded to the subject allocation. Primary outcome measures SGRQ, SF and CAT scores of participants in the treatment and placebo groups will be assessed at baseline, start of treatment 4 weeks mid-treatment 16 weeks , end of treatment 28 weeks , mid follow-up 40 weeks and at the end of follow-up 52 weeks. A suitable statistical package such as SAS will be used to analyse the data. An intention-to-treat analysis will be applied using the Last Observation Carried Forward LOCF method. Analysis of covariance with baseline as covariate will be used to assess differences in treatment outcomes between the two groups at each of these time points. To correct for inflated risk of Type 1 error, multiple comparison procedures suggested by Ludbrook et al will be used [ 25 , 26 ]. The use of relief medication during the trial will be investigated for its effect on the outcome measures by using it as a covariate in the statistical analysis. A Data Safety Monitoring Board has been established to assess the progress of the trial, particularly safety endpoints. This clinical trial will build on previous RCTs and systematic reviews on QoL improvements using ginseng for COPD [ 17 , 22 , 23 ]. It has been designed by a multi-disciplinary and international collaborative team and will undertake a novel approached in integrating rigorous, RCT methodologies and theory that guides appropriate use of Chinese medicine for translation into clinical practice. The trial will provide critical clinical data for effectiveness and safety of Panax ginseng C. A Meyer root extract for the improvement of QoL and pulmonary parameters such as FEV 1 and FVC ratio. Findings from this study may lead to new therapeutic development for a range of chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly chronic respiratory diseases. Rabe KF: Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Halbert RJ: Global burden of COPD: Systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Journal. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. WHO: World Health Statistics. Google Scholar. Price D: Earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment of COPD in primary care. Primary Care Respiratory Journal. GOLD: Global Strategy for Diagnosis Management and Prevention of COPD. Ferrer M: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage and health-related quality of life. Annals of Internal Medicine. Appleton S: Long-acting beta2-agonists for poorly reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane database of systematic reviews Online. Barnes PJ, Hansel TT: Prospects for new drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Spina D: PDE4 inhibitors: Current status. British Journal of Pharmacology. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. George J: Use of complementary and alternative medicines by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Medical Journal of Australia. PubMed Google Scholar. Scaglione F, Pannacci M, Petrini O: The standardised G ® Panax ginseng CA Meyer extract: A review of its properties and usage. Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine. Article Google Scholar. Jae Youl C: In vitro inhibitory effect of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides on tumor necrosis factor TNF -α production and its modulation by known TNF-α antagonists. Planta Medica. Lee BM, Lee SK, Kim HS: Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene and red ginseng. Cancer Letters. Park MT: Glucocorticoid receptor-induced down-regulation of MMP-9 by ginseng components, PD and PT contributes to inhibition of the invasive capacity of HT human fibrosarcoma cells. Molecules and Cells. CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Swanson SM: A rapid and sensitive bioassay involving cultured rat glioma cells to screen for substances capable of elevating intracellular cyclic AMP concentration. Journal of Natural Products. Coon JT, Ernst E: Panax ginseng: A systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions. Drug Safety. An X: Oral ginseng formulae for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Respiratory Medicine. |
| American ginseng | Gihseng of Natural Products. Gorton HCJarvis Gineng. Also, the Ginseng for respiratory health was collected from intra-orbital plexus, and the plasma concentration of b TNF-α and c IFN-γ was measured by ELISA. Scaglione, F. Thus, red ginseng and vitamin C are effective in repressing viral reactivation to the lytic cycle. |
| What are the health benefits of ginseng? | Efficacy and safety of American ginseng Panax quinquefolius L. Article PubMed Google Scholar An X, Zhang AL, Yang AW, Lin L, Wu D, Guo X, Shergis JL, Thien FCK, Worsnop CJ, Xue CC: Oral ginseng formulae for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. The expression of e CD25 and f CD69 on the surface of NK cells was analysed by flow cytometry. At the start of the study, two participants were taking antibiotics, eight were taking long-acting β-agonists, and nine were taking inhaled corticosteroids. Ivashkiv LB , Donlin LT. |
Ginseng for respiratory health -
A member of the ivy family, American ginseng roots are available whole and can also be found in dietary supplements and teas. American ginseng is considered an adaptogen which some people claim can help the body overcome physical or emotional stress.
American ginseng also has strong antioxidant properties which may protect against cell damage. When used as a supplement, there is some evidence that American ginseng can help lower blood sugar , improve fatigue, and reduce the duration of colds and flu.
This article discusses the potential uses and benefits of American ginseng. It also lists possible side effects, interactions, and recommended dosages. American ginseng is a distinctive type of ginseng used in traditional Chinese medicine.
American ginseng and Asian ginseng Panax ginseng are both considered true ginseng in that they contain an organic chemical called ginsenoside. Even so, American ginseng has a different chemical makeup and "cooler" yin qualities than Asian ginseng.
It is also less stimulating. Because of this, American ginseng is widely exported to Asia where it is highly valued for its cooling and sedative effects.
Siberian ginseng Eleutherococcus senticosus is not a true ginseng, It is a small, woody shrub with blackberry-like fruit found in northeastern Asia. While it is also used in traditional Chinese medicine, neither the berries, leaves, stalks, nor roots contain ginsenoside.
The evidence supporting the health benefits of American ginseng is limited, most of which comes from lab and animal studies. Human trials are lacking. With that said, a growing body of research suggests that American ginseng may be beneficial in the treatment of fatigue, poor memory, diabetes , and viral respiratory infections like colds and flu.
A review of four studies suggests that American ginseng may help relieve fatigue caused by chronic illnesses ranging from chronic fatigue syndrome CFS to cancer.
The most significant benefit was seen in people who took 2, milligrams mg daily for eight weeks. Similar results were seen in a review examing the effects of American ginseng on people with cancer-related fatigue.
In this study, the benefit was greatest in people undergoing active treatment, like chemotherapy or radiation.
As an added bonus, American ginseng does not interact with commonly prescribed chemotherapy drugs like tamoxifen , doxorubicin, methotrexate, or fluorouracil.
Limited evidence suggests that American ginseng may improve cognitive function in some people. This includes the ability to learn, think, reason, and remember.
A study reported that healthy adults who received a single mg dose of an American ginseng extract called Cereboost had increased working memory , peaking within three hours of the dose.
The findings were limited by the small size of the study 52 adults and the lack of a control group meaning a group given a sham placebo. A study involving 61 adults showed longer-lasting improvements in working memory after taking mg of Cereboost daily for two weeks.
For this study, a control group was included, but the findings were limited by the fact that the research was funded by the manufacturer, Naturex SA. An unrelated study published in reported that an American ginseng extract taken twice daily for four weeks improved the working memory of 32 people with schizophrenia compared to a matched set of adults given a placebo.
A review of 16 ginseng trials concluded that the fasting blood sugar was modestly lowered by taking ginseng. Three of the 16 studies looked at American ginseng specifically.
A study involving 24 adults with well-controlled type 2 diabetes showed that a 3, mg dose of American ginseng taken daily helped control blood sugar. At the end of the eight-week study, the people given American ginseng had lower hemoglobin A1C levels, fasting blood sugar, and systolic blood pressure than those given a placebo.
The findings were limited by the fact that the participants' blood sugar was already controlled by medications. At present, there is no evidence that ginseng is able to manage diabetes on its own.
According to a review of studies in the Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine , American ginseng may offer protection against common viral respiratory infections like colds and flu.
This supported earlier research in which American ginseng appeared to reduce the risk and duration of colds and flu in older adults with weakened immune systems. A analysis published in Complementary Therapy and Medicine suggested that American ginseng may help prevent or treat seasonal respiratory infections in some people, but that the evidence wasn't strong enough to offer a clear conclusion.
Preliminary studies have investigated American ginseng for the following conditions:. The U. Food and Drug Administration FDA has not approved American ginseng for use in treating or preventing any medical condition.
Ginseng should not be used in place of medications prescribed for you by your healthcare provider. American ginseng is generally regarded as safe. In clinical trials, doses of 2, mg daily were well-tolerated and had the same rate of side effects as a placebo. Possible side effects include:. The long-term side effects of ginseng use aren't known.
Some groups of people should take special precautions when using American ginseng and may need to avoid it altogether. These include conditions like:. There is no recommended dosage of American ginseng in any form.
Never exceed the recommended dosage on the product label, or ask your healthcare provider for advice. American ginseng has been studied at the following dosages:. At these doses, American ginseng is unlikely to cause toxicity.
At higher doses—typically 15 grams 1, mg or more per day—some people develop "ginseng abuse syndrome" characterized by diarrhea, dizziness, skin rash, heart palpitations, and depression. American ginseng may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medications and supplements.
These include:. A person should check the ingredients of any ginseng product before purchase, as some products may contain a small or negligible amount of ginseng, and some could contain other substances.
Ginseng may help stimulate physical and mental activity in people who feel weak and tired. One study of 21 men and 69 women found that ginseng showed good results in helping people with chronic fatigue.
A study of people receiving cancer treatment found that ginseng helped reduce cancer-related fatigue. However, researchers only documented the energy-boosting effects of ginseng in people currently undergoing treatment. Ginseng did not show statistically significant improvements in people who had already finished cancer treatment.
Ginseng may improve thinking processes and cognition. A report examined the accuracy of this claim. This report concluded that, based on human and animal studies, ginseng components have the potential to treat some cognitive deficits.
These studies showed ginseng could reduce oxidative stress, which could lead to enhancement in cognitive function. The study involved 14 people, three men, and 11 women, with a median age of The patients received 4.
The study concluded that the Korean red ginseng helped improve frontal brain lobe function. Ginseng may reduce inflammation. According to a study , ginsenosides, the active components of ginseng, may target pathways in the immune system that could reduce inflammation.
Men may take ginseng to treat erectile dysfunction. A systematic review tested the effects of red ginseng on erectile dysfunction. The review demonstrated that the number of trials, total sample size, and the quality of the experimental methods were not enough to demonstrate ongoing clinical benefit.
A study of men with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction found that ginseng berry extract improved overall sexual function. The study lasted 8 weeks, during which some of the group received Korean ginseng berry extract, and others received a placebo.
More research is needed to determine if ginseng is a reliable treatment for erectile dysfunction. Research on the effects of ginseng on mice suggests a possible link between ginseng and the treatment and prevention of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus RSV.
Findings of another study suggested that red ginseng extract could improve the survival of human lung epithelial cells infected with the influenza virus. It is undetermined exactly how the anti-viral mechanisms in ginseng work based on the above study.
A study suggests that ginseng may help lower blood sugar and help treat diabetes. Ginsenosides may affect insulin production in the pancreas and improve insulin resistance using other mechanisms.
Another study showed similar benefits of ginseng on lowering blood sugar. Some participants took 2. Researchers found that ginseng was effective in lowering blood sugar and increasing insulin levels after a meal compared to the placebo.
More clinical studies and standardization of ginseng root are needed to determine whether ginseng is a possible complementary therapy for diabetes. Researchers also need to investigate what specific doses might be effective. Although ginseng is generally safe to consume, people have reported the following side effects:.
Women may also experience swollen breasts and vaginal bleeding. People may experience a moderate interaction when using ginseng with a class of antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs. The aim of this pilot trial was to test the practicality of trial design, it would be inappropriate to make any inferences or state findings of any efficacy.
Data were only analysed to make the investigators aware of any issues that needed to be overcome in the planned larger-scale trial. We recruited 14 participants from a community health program at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine in May and June of After the 2-week run in period, 10 of these participants were eligible for the study and were randomly assigned to P.
The four excluded participants did not meet the inclusion criteria due to their lung function and an exacerbation of COPD symptoms during the run-in period and abnormal liver function and a history of liver disease.
Nine participants were male and one was female. One participant in the P. ginseng group dropped out at week three because of work commitments. Nine participants were classified as having severe COPD, one was classified as having moderate COPD and none were classified as having very severe COPD.
Seven participants were considered to have lung and kidney qi deficiency , and three participants were considered to have lung , spleen and kidney qi deficiency. At the start of the study, two participants were taking antibiotics, eight were taking long-acting β-agonists, and nine were taking inhaled corticosteroids.
Because of the small sample size, several baseline factors, including smoking status and coughing severity, were imbalanced Table 1. None of the participants experienced an exacerbation during the short study duration 10 weeks.
Health status questionnaires SGRQ, SF, and CAT were unchanged in both groups see Table 2. All participants, except the one who dropped out, completed the questionnaires and the result was evaluated by LOCF.
The baseline questionnaire scores, except those for the SF questions 2 and 3b, 3c, and 3e, were balanced between groups. There was no significant difference in responses to the questionnaires between groups at the end of treatment see Table 2.
The distance walked in six minutes at the end of treatment was not clinically important and the absolute distance walked did not change.
In the P. ginseng group the mean distance walked at baseline was In the placebo group, the mean distance walked at baseline and at the end of treatment did not change, meters.
ginseng or placebo groups Figure 3. All participants used relief medication salbutamol at some stage throughout the study. On average, participants in the P. ginseng group used 4. None of the participants needed to use any other COPD-related medical resources.
Error bars were standard deviations. There was no significant difference between groups at any time point. There were no adverse events recorded from the study medication. This was not considered an exacerbation or related to the treatment. For the nine participants, blood haematology and biochemistry were unchanged after the treatment phase.
The other participant showed a slight increase in white blood cell count and neutrophils. The result was not considered to be clinically important.
Potential participants were relatively easy to identify. The participants could not tell the difference between the P. ginseng treatment and placebo. Those given P. ginseng tolerated it well. Participants did not report any issues in taking the dose twice a day for both groups and did not report that the capsules tasted badly or were hard to swallow.
Despite multiple outcome measures, each visit at the hospital by the participants lasted for no more than 1. This report presented a study protocol and the results of a pilot trial comparing P. The pilot trial was run without major issue according to the study protocol in a hospital environment in China.
The randomization process was successful and the use of opaque envelopes to conceal allocation was effective. The study procedures, including lung function, questionnaires, walking distance and blood tests were completed at all of the time points. Response rates for data collection were high; the only missing response was that of the participant who dropped out.
No participants were excluded on a Chinese medicine diagnosis in the inclusion criteria. Because of the small sample size and short study duration it was not surprising to observe no difference in outcomes. A larger trial with proper treatment duration according to the treatment principle would reveal the actual effect of P.
ginseng in treating COPD. The planned full-scale trial protocol will be conducted over one year 6 months treatment and 6 months follow-up , similar to a current Australian trial evaluating P.
ginseng for moderate COPD [ 10 ]. A key consideration for any full-scale trials is recruitment. Recruitment for a full-scale trial would succeed at a large hospital or multiple sites. One participant withdrew from this study. The outcome assessment in the pilot trial by only one investigator performing all tests, including spirometry using one device at the same time of day 8 a.
might be logistically unrealistic in the full-scale trial. Therefore, standard operating procedures for all outcomes would be necessary.
The definition of exacerbation severity should also be improved in a full-scale trial. Based on the success of this pilot trial a full-scale trial has been implemented at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. The full-scale trial has received ethical approval and has been registered with the ANZCTR ACTRN: The sample size for that full-scale trial was calculated according to the effect size on rate of exacerbation in COPD patients using a mucolytic agent carbocisteine in a randomized controlled trial in China [ 15 ].
It is estimated that a sample size of participants per group would be adequate. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD — The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease GOLD org ,. World Health Organization.
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Trials Ginzeng 12Article number: Cite this article. Metrics details. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD impairs quality of Salted sunflower seeds and leads to premature mortality. Eespiratory sufferers experience healht deterioration of lung function and decreased Ginseng for respiratory health Ginesng undertake day-to-day activities. Ginseng has been used for thousands of years in Chinese medicine for respiratory symptoms. Several controlled clinical trials using ginseng for COPD have shown promising clinical effect, however these studies were generally small and with some potential bias, prompting the need for rigorously designed studies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic value and safety profile of a standardised root extract of Panax ginseng C.
Es ist schade, dass ich mich jetzt nicht aussprechen kann - ist erzwungen, wegzugehen. Aber ich werde befreit werden - unbedingt werde ich schreiben dass ich in dieser Frage denke.
Sie irren sich. Geben Sie wir werden besprechen. Schreiben Sie mir in PM, wir werden reden.