Furthermore, Anthocyanons necessary microbiology measurements will be performed for Anthocyanins and liver health prepared extract. Hu K-C, Wang H-Y, Liu S-C, Liu C-C, Hung C-L, Bair M-J, et al. Aging Cell —

Anthocyanins and liver health -

Blackcurrant skin is abundant with antioxidants that protect liver function, but scientists have isolated a specific anthocyanin in blackcurrant skin that produces potent cytotoxic effects on liver cancer cells.

Our Liver Health formula contains mg of New Zealand blackcurrant extract. Each capsule also contains mg of milk thistle Silybum marianum , 5mg of vitamin E, and 20 mcg of vitamin D.

Milk thistle is another powerful antioxidant, and it contains the compound silymarin, which has been shown to be an active flavonoid in repairing liver damage. As well as its role as an antioxidant, vitamin E has been shown to improve the integrity and functionality of the liver.

Vitamin D receptors are present in liver cells, and vitamin D has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on the liver. This triad of powerful anti-inflammatory antioxidants are what makes our Liver Health so effective at protecting the life-long vitality of your liver.

The Science B2B Inquiries. The Science Behind Liver Support Home. New Zealand Made. Plant-based Supplements. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis results of association between anthocyanidins intake with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD prevalence, weighted.

Figure 2. RCS plot between anthocyanin intake and the risk of NAFLD. Age, sex, race, education level, PIR, BMI, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, HEI scores, total energy, dietary intakes of protein, saturated fat, fiber, carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fat, and physical activity were adjusted.

We also performed a subgroup analysis based on age, sex, race, BMI, physical activity, DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, PIR, education level, smoking status, and alcohol use Table 3. Table 3. Subgroup analyses of the association between anthocyanidins intake and NAFLD diagnosed by vibration controlled transient elastography, weighted.

We performed multivariate linear regression analysis of daily anthocyanin intake and liver serum biomarkers, dietary total energy intake and HEI scores Table 4. The results showed that participants with a higher anthocyanin intake had lower plasma concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP, and dietary total energy intake.

Table 4. Multivariate linear regression analysis of daily anthocyanidins intake and liver serum biomarkers, dietary total energy intake and HEI scores. The increasing incidence of NAFLD has had a negative effect on public health and has increased social burden.

Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to the primary prevention of NAFLD through improvements in diet and living habits Our study found that higher levels of anthocyanin intake were significantly associated with lower NAFLD risk, while other flavonoid subtypes were not.

In addition, no significant correlation was observed between all flavonoid subtypes and the risk of liver fibrosis. The protective effect of higher levels of anthocyanin was more significant in patients who were non-Hispanic whites, without diabetes mellitus and with hypertension.

We also found that ALT, AST, and total energy intake decreased significantly in individuals with a high anthocyanin intake. The first blow is steatosis caused by insulin resistance, which leads to the accumulation of fatty acids in the liver. Subsequently, liver lipid metabolism disorder leads to the activation of oxidative stress, the release of pro-inflammatory factors, and finally liver injury and fibrosis Anthocyanin belongs to a subset of polyphenols called flavonoids.

They are soluble in water and widely exist in fruits, grains, and vegetables, making them appear red-orange to blue-purple In vivo and in vitro studies have found that anthocyanin can reduce the risk of NAFLD through various mechanisms.

Kim et al. found that anthocyanin extracted from black chokeberry enhanced the expression of LDL-R mRNA and protein in Caco-2 cells and stimulated cholesterol transport Chu et al. found that cherry anthocyanin prevented oxidative stress induced by oleic acid OA- and decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets by activating autophagy in a NAFLD cell model Fan et al.

found that polymeric anthocyanin extracted from grape skins inhibited oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant levels and increased β-oxidation to inhibit mitochondrial dysfunction on a NAFLD model in mice However, focused studies on the role of anthocyanin in the human body remain limited.

This cross-sectional study found that dietary anthocyanin intake was significantly negatively correlated with ALT, AST, ALP and total energy intake using linear regression models adjusted for multiple confounders.

Elevated levels of ALT, AST, and ALP are the most common abnormal findings in liver function tests, indicating increased permeability and damage of hepatocytes, and are usually considered as markers of NAFLD 30 , This is similar to the results of some previous studies.

found that the higher the flavonoid intake, the more favorable the liver marker characteristics manifested as significant reductions in AST and ALT Moreover, higher total energy intake, along with excessive intake of ultra-processed foods and saturated fats, has long been considered as the main driving factor for NAFLD development This study showed that participants with higher dietary anthocyanin intake had lower total energy intake, which may also be a reason for the reduced risk of NAFLD.

In the subgroup analysis, we found that some groups were more likely to benefit from anthocyanin intake. The United States is a multi-ethnic country, and our research found that anthocyanin only play a significant role in non-Hispanic whites. This may be due to differences in lifestyle, eating habits, and genetic background among races It is well known that diabetes mellitus is independent risk factor for the occurrence and development of NAFLD Patients with diabetes have higher levels of metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress, which lead to more severe hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and impair their response to anthocyanin Patients with diabetes may require higher doses or longer duration of anthocyanin treatment to achieve effective results.

Moreover, anthocyanins have more pronounced effects in NAFLD patients with hypertension. Some preclinical studies have shown that anthocyanin have potential antihypertensive activity, which may be mediated by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS expression, antioxidant activity, inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE activity and other pathways in endothelial cells Anthocyanin may reduce liver damage by improving vascular tone and hemodynamics, lowering blood pressure and portal pressure, and may have special benefits for NAFLD patients with hypertension.

These conclusions need more clinical trials to verify and support. The results showed that except for anthocyanin, the other five flavonoid subclasses had no significant correlation with NAFLD risk.

Yang et al. However, due to only one randomized clinical trial RCT study on anthocyanin, the efficacy of anthocyanin could not be assessed. Therefore, this cross-sectional study partially filled this knowledge gap. In addition, all six flavonoids were not related to the risk of liver fibrosis.

Since liver fibrosis is a manifestation of NAFLD progression, flavonoids may not be able to significantly improve the condition of patients at this stage.

Using representative, national sample data and after correcting for confounding factors, we explored the relationship between anthocyanin intake and NAFLD risk. We also conducted subgroup analyses, trend tests, and interaction tests to analyze the effects of anthocyanin in different individual groups.

However, this study also has some limitations. First, the diet and physical activity data were reported by participants independently, which may have resulted in measurement errors. Second, although we corrected for many confounding factors, unidentified confounding factors may remain that could affect our conclusions.

Third, more in vivo studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms of anthocyanin in reducing the risk of NAFLD. Finally, because this was a cross-sectional study, we could identify a significant negative correlation between anthocyanin intake and NAFLD risk but could not determine a causal relationship.

Overall, this study provides new evidence that anthocyanin may significantly reduce the risk of NAFLD in the United States. The negative correlation was more significant among participants belonging to the following categories: non-Hispanic whites, without diabetes and with hypertension.

In the future, a more elaborate experimental design is needed to clarify the minimum intake required to achieve health benefits. The studies involving humans were approved by the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board approved the NHANES research program, and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. SX: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing — original draft.

YujL: Data curation, Methodology, Writing — original draft. WP: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing — original draft. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. We thank LetPub www. com for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.

Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Friedman, SL , Neuschwander-Tetri, BA , Rinella, M , and Sanyal, AJ.

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J Gastrointestinal Liver Dis. Download references. The authors appreciate Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran for supporting this research. The present research is at the stage of preparing the total anthocyanin-base standardized cornelian cherry fruit extract and the placebo.

Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Herbal Medicine Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Gastroentrology Department, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Departments of biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. All authors were involved in designing the study and drafting the protocol. All authors read and approved the final version of the protocol. Correspondence to Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi.

The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran approval number: IR.

Moreover, this research was registered on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT registration code: IRCTN1. The informed consent forms will also be collected from all participants.

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Reprints and permissions. Sangsefidi, Z. et al. The effect of total anthocyanin-base standardized Cornus mas L. fruit extract on liver function, tumor necrosis factor α, malondealdehyde, and adiponectin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Nutr J 18 , 39 Download citation. Received : 08 January Accepted : 08 July Published : 19 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Download ePub. Study protocol Open access Published: 19 July The effect of total anthocyanin-base standardized Cornus mas L. Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide.

Methods In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 80 NAFLD patients will be studied. Discussion Considering evidences about the useful impacts of anthocyanins on NAFLD, the effects of supplementation with cornelian cherry extract will be investigated on the important variables related to NAFLD.

Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCTN1. Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Methods Design and aim study This double-blind randomized parallel clinical trial will be carried out at the Department of nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Full size image. Discussion Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic liver diseases with an increasing prevalence throughout the world. Availability of data and materials Not applicable. References Ong JP, Younossi ZM.

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NAthocyanins ageing is a significant risk factor for chronic liver diseases. Anthocyanin Halth a food Plant-based weight loss that has aand shown efficacy in increasing longevity. Here, Anthocyanins and liver health tested whether anthocyanins could Anthocyanins and liver health Organic mineral supplements mice from accelerated Antuocyanins of the liver. After eight weeks, whole liver function and structure were evaluated, and the expression levels of genes involved in the DNA damage signalling pathway were assessed by Western blot analysis. Moreover, the expression levels of sensors ATM and ATRmediators H2AX and γ-H2AX and effectors Chk1, Chk2, p53 and p-p53 in the DNA damage signalling pathway were all reduced. Anthocyanins could be widely used in the field of health products to slow ageing-related deterioration of liver function and structure by inhibiting DNA damage. The liver is a primary detoxification organ. A healthy liver, Anthocyaniins of efficiently detoxifying and metabolizing, depends on Energy-packed snacks for athletes adequate presence Antyocyanins antioxidants. Anthocyanins and liver health of Anthocyanjns antioxidants include anthocyanins, which Anthicyanins the compounds responsible for Anthocyanins and liver health Anthkcyanins color, and they are very effective at reducing oxidative stress that fights cell damage. In phase 1 of liver detoxification -as the liver breaks-down metabolites- it produces unstable, and potentially dangerous molecules called reactive oxygen species ROSwhich require antioxidants in order to become safe and stabilized. Polyphenols, like those found in abundance in blackcurrants, are antioxidants that can greatly support your liver in stabilizing and metabolizing the ROS produced in stage 1 liver detoxification.