Shared development of targeted Gut health and autoimmune diseases among autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: A systematic repurposing analysis. The annd Gut health and autoimmune diseases a fascinating healtg complex ecosystem that plays a crucial role in our overall health. Feng, W. Furthermore, the transplantation of feces from smoking-exposed mice into germ-free mice induced enrichment of E. Comparing two autoimmune diseases, the SLE—MS, SLE—SS, and SLE—RA combinations shared at least four altered gut bacterial taxa, and the MS—SS combination shared three altered gut bacterial genera.

Gut health and autoimmune diseases -

Scientists Bust Myth That Our Bodies Have More Bacteria Than Human Cells. Hair, M. Fast Facts About the Human Microbiome. The Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health, University of Washington. Xu, Huihui, et al. The Dynamic Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Autoimmune Diseases.

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The Mysterious Microbiome As researchers continue to look for environmental factors that cause autoimmune disease, many are turning the lens towards the human body itself, and to vast networks of microbial communities that dwell in and on it.

Autoimmune Disease and the Gut Researchers have yet to determine which specific microbiota are directly involved in the regulation of inflammatory mechanisms. Scientists are currently studying the relationship between gut microbe health and the following autoimmune diseases: Lupus : The microbiomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SLE have shown significantly decreased microbial diversity, as well as an increase in a specific species, Ruminococcus gnavus.

The human gut harbors a complex community of microbes that affect many aspects of our health. Known as the gut microbiota, these bacteria help with metabolism and maintaining a healthy immune system. The lining of the intestine forms a barrier that is crucial to containing gut microbes.

If the lining is breached and a gut microbe is able to get into the bloodstream and nearby organs, it can cause disease. Despite the fact that the body has many ways to prevent the breach, microbes sometimes get through. A team led by Dr. Martin Kriegel at Yale investigated whether microbes breaching the gut barrier were involved in autoimmune disease.

Results appeared in Science on March 9, The researchers first tested how mice predisposed to autoimmune disease were affected by antibiotic treatment. In untreated mice, they found bacteria in nearby lymph nodes and the liver at 16 weeks of age, and also in the spleen 2 weeks later.

Mice treated with the antibiotics vancomycin or ampicillin had this deadly growth suppressed. Analysis of cultures from nearby lymph nodes, liver, and spleen revealed the presence of a bacterium called Enterococcus gallinarum. When germ-free mice were colonized by E.

gallinarum , the bacteria disrupted the gut barrier, moved into the lymph nodes and liver, and triggered an autoimmune response. To test whether depleting E. gallinarum alone could blunt autoimmune responses, the team developed vaccines using heat-killed bacteria.

Vaccinating the prone mice against E. gallinarum , but not against two other gut microbes, reduced autoimmune responses and prolonged survival. In addition, E. These results show that a microbe-specific treatment can halt autoimmune responses without suppressing the entire immune system, which can have serious side effects.

Finally, the researchers examined liver biopsies from people with autoimmune diseases. They found E. gallinarum in liver biopsies from three people with systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disease that can damage tissues all over the body. Similarly, the scientists found E.

gallinarum in liver biopsies from most people tested who had autoimmune liver disease. Biopsies from healthy liver transplant donors did not have the microbe. Taken together, these findings show that, in those who are prone, E.

BMC Immunology volume 24 anx, Article number: 36 Cite this article. Metrics details. Autoimmmune autoimmune conditions are a growing challenge Gut health and autoimmune diseases global health. Risk factors associated with autoimmune digestive diseases are complex, including genetic variation, immunological dysfunction, and various environmental factors. Failure of immune tolerance causes self-attacking and autoimmune disorders. In recent years, both the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases has increased rapidly. Thank you hea,th visiting nature. Znd are using a browser version eiseases limited support autoimnune CSS. To obtain the Gut health and autoimmune diseases experience, we recommend you use a more up to Gut health and autoimmune diseases browser disewses turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. For Gregg Silverman, a rheumatologist at New York University, the day a women he was treating for lupus was visited by her identical twin sister was a watershed moment. The sister was a picture of health, with a one-year-old child in her arms.

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J Inflamm Res. Rana J, Biswas M. Regulatory T cell therapy: current and future design perspectives. Cell Immunol. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. and B. contributed to the conception of the article and drafting of the manuscript.

Both authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Baojun Zhang. are the Guest Editors for this Collection and B. is an Editorial Board member of BMC Immunology. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Sun, L. The digestive system and autoimmunity. BMC Immunol 24 , 36 Download citation. Received : 14 July Accepted : 07 August Published : 04 October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Digestive autoimmune conditions are a growing challenge to global health.

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Yin, Y. Zeng, Q. Maldigestion is a term used to describe the improper breakdown of food in the digestive system. When food isn't digested properly, it can lead to the formation of antigens that trigger an autoimmune response.

This is particularly relevant in coeliac disease, where gluten intolerance leads to an immune response against the small intestine's lining. Some of the critical markers for maldigestion are low pancreatic elastase and fat in the stool. Specific vitamins, such as vitamins A, D and E, are fat soluble, which means that without proper fat digestion, you can become deficient in these vitamins, which are essential for proper immune function and may indirectly contribute to the development of autoimmune disease.

Addressing maldigestion through dietary changes that enhance the release of stomach acid, digestive enzymes, and gastric juices is essential. Enzyme and bile supplements, which help to break down food particles, may also reduce the risk of autoimmune flares.

The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota. When the balance of these microbes is disrupted, it can lead to dysbiosis, an imbalance linked to autoimmune diseases, as it can increase intestinal permeability, leading to leaky gut syndrome.

Leaky gut syndrome is considered a risk factor for autoimmune disease. Dysbiosis can result from various factors, including a poor diet, antibiotic use, or stress, so incorporating a nutrient-dense diet and stress management practices, such as yoga and meditation, may help to maintain a more balanced flora.

Restoring a healthy gut microbiome through eating a diet rich in polyphenol-rich foods and prebiotics and including proteins such as glycine, which support gut barrier function, can help mitigate the risk of autoimmune disorders.

Short-chain fatty acids SCFAs are byproducts of bacterial fermentation in the gut. These compounds, such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate, play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced immune system. SCFAs help regulate inflammation, support the gut barrier, and influence immune cell behaviour.

A deficiency in these metabolites has been associated with autoimmune diseases. Consuming fibre-rich foods and fostering a diverse gut microbiome can enhance SCFA production and support immune balance.

Stewed apples are a great source of dietary fibre that helps to increase the production of SCFAs, as when you stew apples with the skin on, it releases the fibre pectin.

Pectin is an indigestible polysaccharide that human enzymes can not break down. However, they can be easily degraded by gut bacteria with the production of SCFAs, which are beneficial for gut barrier function and may help to prevent autoimmune symptoms and the development of autoimmune disease.

Infections can trigger or exacerbate autoimmune diseases. Molecular mimicry is one mechanism through which infections may lead to autoimmunity.

In this process, antigens produced by infectious agents resemble the body's own proteins, leading the immune system to attack its cells mistakenly.

Some autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, have been linked to specific infections which are found in the gut. Preventing and managing infections is crucial for those with autoimmune diseases, as they may act as triggers or worsen existing symptoms. Autoimmune diseases are often thought of as non-infectious conditions.

However, many studies support the fact that infections likely play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases both directly and indirectly. Supporting the immune response with omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and nutrient-dense foods that include vitamins A, C, D, and E are essential to maintaining a robust immune system.

Inflammation in the gut is often a precursor to autoimmune diseases. Chronic inflammation can lead to increased gut permeability, commonly called "leaky gut.

Nealth Gut health and autoimmune diseases bacteria, called Building strong bones gallinarum, is normally found in our gut but can snd harmful if it nealth elsewhere in Gut health and autoimmune diseases body. A recent study from Yale School of Medicine found that E. gallinarum can evolve inside mice at risk for autoimmune diseases and gain the ability to spread from the gut to the liver. In some mice, two different populations of E. gallinarum developed over time — one in the liver and the other in the gut.