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Diabetic Neuropathy Types and Complications🩺Type diabetes diabetic neuropathy -
A rare form of neuropathy is proximal neuropathy, also known as diabetic amyotrophy. This form of neuropathy is more common in adults over 50 years old with type 2 diabetes and is diagnosed more often in men.
It often affects the hips, buttocks, or thighs. You may experience sudden and sometimes severe pain. Muscle weakness in your legs may make it difficult to stand up without assistance. Diabetic amyotrophy usually affects only one side of the body. After the onset of symptoms, they usually get worse and then eventually begin to improve slowly.
Most people recover within a few years, even without treatment. This occurs most often in your hand, head, torso, or leg. It appears suddenly and is usually very painful. Like proximal neuropathy, most focal neuropathies go away in a few weeks or months and leave no lasting damage.
The most common type is carpal tunnel syndrome. Diabetic neuropathy is caused by high blood sugar levels sustained over a long period of time.
Other factors can lead to nerve damage such as:. Low levels of vitamin B12 can also lead to neuropathy. Metformin, a common medication used to manage diabetes, can decrease levels of vitamin B You can ask a doctor for a simple blood test to identify any vitamin deficiencies.
A doctor will determine whether or not you have neuropathy, starting by asking about your symptoms and medical history. A doctor may do a filament test to test the sensitivity in your feet.
A tuning fork may be used to test your vibration threshold. A doctor may also test your ankle reflexes. In some cases, they may also perform a nerve conduction study , which can assess nerve damage by measuring the speed and strength of nerve signals.
Keeping your blood sugar levels within a healthy range is the best way to decrease the likelihood of developing diabetic neuropathy or slow its progression. It can also relieve some symptoms. Quitting smoking , if applicable, and exercising regularly are also parts of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Always talk with a doctor or healthcare professional before beginning a new fitness routine. You may also ask a doctor about complementary treatments or supplements for neuropathy. Medications may be used to treat pain caused by diabetic neuropathy.
Talk with a doctor about the available medications and their potential side effects. Several medications have been shown to help with symptoms. You may also want to consider alternative therapies such as acupuncture. Some research has found capsaicin to be helpful.
Alternative therapies may provide additional relief when used in conjunction with medication. Depending on your type of neuropathy, a doctor can suggest medications, therapies, or lifestyle changes that may help deal with symptoms and ward off complications.
For example, if you have problems with digestion as a result of your neuropathy, a doctor may suggest you eat smaller meals more often and limit the amount of fiber and fat in your diet. If you have vaginal dryness, a doctor may suggest a lubricant.
If you have erectile dysfunction , they may prescribe medication that can help. Peripheral neuropathy is very common in people with diabetes and can lead to serious foot complications , which in turn can lead to amputation. Diabetic neuropathy can often be avoided if you manage your blood glucose vigilantly.
To do this, be consistent in:. If you do develop diabetic neuropathy, work closely with a doctor and follow their recommendations for slowing its progression. With proper care, you can reduce the damage to your nerves and avoid complications. Read this article in Spanish.
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Everything You Should Know About Diabetic Neuropathy. Medically reviewed by Kelly Wood, MD — By Carmella Wint, Matthew Solan, and Brian Wu — Updated on November 22, High blood sugar damages your nerves, and these nerves may stop sending messages to different parts of your body.
Nerve damage can cause health problems ranging from mild numbness to pain that makes it hard to do normal activities. Half of all people with diabetes have nerve damage. The good news is that you can help prevent or delay it by keeping your blood sugar as close to your target levels as possible.
There are four main types of nerve damage. You can have more than one type. Symptoms depend on the type of nerve damage you have and which nerves are affected. Your feet may be very sensitive to touch—even a bed sheet can hurt. These are all symptoms of peripheral nerve damage. It generally starts in the feet, usually in both feet at once.
Sometimes amputation removal by surgery is necessary. Finding and treating foot problems early can lower your chances of developing a serious infection.
Learn how to care for your feet , including how to check them yourself and what kind of shoes to wear. Nerve damage can cause muscles in your digestive tract to slow down or stop working. Learn more about how diabetes can affect your digestion.
Autonomic nerve damage affects your heart, bladder, stomach, intestines, sex organs, or eyes. Symptoms may include:. Proximal nerve damage affects nerves in the thighs, hips, buttocks, or legs.
It can also affect the stomach and chest area. Focal nerve damage affects single nerves, most often in your hand, head, torso, or leg. Keeping your blood sugar as close to your target range as possible is the best way to help prevent or delay nerve damage.
Other things you can do are:. Most people with diabetes can prevent serious nerve damage complications. Stay on schedule with all of your self-checks, exams, and appointments with a diabetes care schedule.
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Foot problems, including sores that don't heal, ulcers and even amputation, are common complications of diabetic neuropathy.
But you can prevent many of these problems by having a thorough foot exam at least once a year. Also have your health care provider check your feet at each office visit and take good care of your feet at home. Follow your health care provider's recommendations for good foot care.
To protect the health of your feet:. On this page. When to see a doctor. Risk factors. A Book: The Essential Diabetes Book. Peripheral neuropathy This type of neuropathy may also be called distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy.
Signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy are often worse at night, and may include: Numbness or reduced ability to feel pain or temperature changes Tingling or burning feeling Sharp pains or cramps Muscle weakness Extreme sensitivity to touch — for some people, even a bedsheet's weight can be painful Serious foot problems, such as ulcers, infections, and bone and joint damage.
Autonomic neuropathy The autonomic nervous system controls blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, eyes, bladder, digestive system and sex organs. Diabetes can affect nerves in any of these areas, possibly causing signs and symptoms including: A lack of awareness that blood sugar levels are low hypoglycemia unawareness Drops in blood pressure when rising from sitting or lying down that may cause dizziness or fainting orthostatic hypotension Bladder or bowel problems Slow stomach emptying gastroparesiscausing nausea, vomiting, sensation of fullness and loss of appetite Difficulty swallowing Changes in the way the eyes adjust from light to dark or far to near Increased or decreased sweating Problems with sexual response, such as vaginal dryness in women and erectile dysfunction in men.
Proximal neuropathy diabetic polyradiculopathy This type of neuropathy often affects nerves in the thighs, hips, buttocks or legs. Proximal neuropathy may include: Severe pain in the buttock, hip or thigh Weak and shrinking thigh muscles Difficulty rising from a sitting position Chest or abdominal wall pain.
Mononeuropathy focal neuropathy Mononeuropathy refers to damage to a single, specific nerve. Mononeuropathy may lead to: Difficulty focusing or double vision Paralysis on one side of the face Numbness or tingling in the hand or fingers Weakness in the hand that may result in dropping things Pain in the shin or foot Weakness causing difficulty lifting the front part of the foot foot drop Pain in the front of the thigh.
More Information. Types of diabetic neuropathy. Call your health care provider for an appointment if you have: A cut or sore on your foot that is infected or won't heal Burning, tingling, weakness or pain in your hands or feet that interferes with daily activities or sleep Changes in digestion, urination or sexual function Dizziness and fainting The American Diabetes Association ADA recommends that screening for diabetic neuropathy begin immediately after someone is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or five years after diagnosis with type 1 diabetes.
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You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. But these risk factors make nerve damage more likely: Poor blood sugar control. Uncontrolled blood sugar increases the risk of every diabetes complication, including nerve damage.
Diabetes history. The risk of diabetic neuropathy increases the longer a person has diabetes, especially if blood sugar isn't well controlled. Kidney disease. Diabetes can damage the kidneys. Kidney damage sends toxins into the blood, which can lead to nerve damage. Being overweight.
Having a body mass index BMI of 25 or more may increase the risk of diabetic neuropathy. Smoking narrows and hardens the arteries, reducing blood flow to the legs and feet. This makes it more difficult for wounds to heal and damages the peripheral nerves.
Diabetic neuropathy can cause a number of serious complications, including: Hypoglycemia unawareness. But people who have autonomic neuropathy may not experience these warning signs.
Loss of a toe, foot or leg. Nerve damage can cause a loss of feeling in the feet, so even minor cuts can turn into sores or ulcers without being noticed. In severe cases, an infection can spread to the bone or lead to tissue death.
Removal amputation of a toe, foot or even part of the leg may be necessary. Urinary tract infections and urinary incontinence. If the nerves that control the bladder are damaged, the bladder may not empty completely when urinating.
Bacteria can build up in the bladder and kidneys, causing urinary tract infections. Nerve damage can also affect the ability to feel the need to urinate or to control the muscles that release urine, leading to leakage incontinence.
Sharp drops in blood pressure. Damage to the nerves that control blood flow can affect the body's ability to adjust blood pressure.
This can cause a sharp drop in pressure when standing after sitting or lying down, which may lead to lightheadedness and fainting. Digestive problems. If nerve damage occurs in the digestive tract, constipation or diarrhea, or both are possible.
Diabetes-related nerve damage can lead to gastroparesis, a condition in which the stomach empties too slowly or not at all. This can cause bloating and indigestion. Sexual dysfunction. Autonomic neuropathy often damages the nerves that affect the sex organs.
Men may experience erectile dysfunction. Women may have difficulty with lubrication and arousal. Increased or decreased sweating.
: Type diabetes diabetic neuropathy| Who is most likely to get diabetic neuropathy? | The autonomic nerves, which regulate the functioning of organs and glands without our conscious effort, can also be damaged by diabetes. This is called autonomic neuropathy and may cause a range of problems including:. High glucose and lipid fat levels in the blood, and the toxic byproducts they generate through their metabolism, are thought to be the major causes of neuropathy associated with diabetes. The benefits of good glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes are more modest. Improving lipid levels may also reduce the incidence of nerve damage in people with type 2 diabetes. The longer a person has diabetes and the worse the control of their diabetes, the more likely they will develop diabetic neuropathy. People experiencing complications of their diabetes elsewhere in their body such as in the kidneys , heart or eyes are also more likely to have or develop neuropathy, as the same factors that cause these problems also contribute to neuropathy. Smoking , high blood pressure and being overweight also make it more likely that people with diabetes will get nerve damage. Damaged nerves cannot be repaired. However, the risk of further complications in the feet can be reduced by:. A referral to a podiatrist may be appropriate for assessment and ongoing preventive management of foot complications. Appropriate pain management can significantly improve the lives of people with diabetes and painful neuropathy. A number of different medications are available, which produce comparable effects. Most people would begin with one of either:. If one type fails to provide the response required, it is usual to switch to or add another. If all 3 agents alone or in combination fail, then opioid analgesics and tramadol may be used as second-line treatments. Be guided by your doctor, but general suggestions to reduce the risk of diabetic neuropathy include:. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Information about a therapy, service, product or treatment does not in any way endorse or support such therapy, service, product or treatment and is not intended to replace advice from your doctor or other registered health professional. The information and materials contained on this website are not intended to constitute a comprehensive guide concerning all aspects of the therapy, product or treatment described on the website. All users are urged to always seek advice from a registered health care professional for diagnosis and answers to their medical questions and to ascertain whether the particular therapy, service, product or treatment described on the website is suitable in their circumstances. The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. About one-third to one-half of people with diabetes have peripheral neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy is damage to nerves that control your internal organs, leading to problems with your heart rate and blood pressure, digestive system, bladder, sex organs, sweat glands, and eyes. The damage can also lead to hypoglycemia unawareness. Focal neuropathies are conditions in which you typically have damage to single nerves, most often in your hand, head, torso, or leg. The most common types of focal neuropathy are entrapment syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. Other types of focal neuropathy are much less common. Proximal neuropathy is a rare and disabling type of nerve damage in your hip, buttock, or thigh. The damage typically affects one side of your body and may rarely spread to the other side. Symptoms gradually improve over a period of months or years. The NIDDK and other components of the National Institutes of Health NIH support and conduct research into many diseases and conditions. View clinical trials that are currently recruiting volunteers. Read more on the Diabetes Australia website. Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content. Read more on Better Health Channel website. Neuropathy in diabetes also called diabetic nerve damage or diabetic neuropathy is temporary or permanent damage to nerve tissue in people with diabetes mellitus. Symptoms depend on which nerves are affected. Read more on myDr website. Peripheral neuropathy is a common type of nerve damage that may be caused by underlying conditions. It is often associated with diabetes. Read more on Brain Foundation website. Peripheral neuropathy is a possible side effect of cancer treatment. Find out what it is, what the symptoms are and how it can be managed here. Read more on Cancer Council Australia website. When you have diabetes, you need to take care of your feet every day. Diabetes can damage the nerves in your feet, leading to poor Read more on Diabetes Australia website. The feet and legs are common sites for complications in people with diabetes, and for this reason good foot care is very important. The mouth is often overlooked as an area of the body with complications associated with diabetes. Find out all about neuropathic pain, nerve pain, which is usually described as a shooting, stabbing or burning pain, with myDr. Diabetic nephropathy diabetic kidney disease is kidney damage that results from having diabetes. Find out how to reduce your risk of developing this diabetes complication. Leg ache or leg pain is a symptom with many possible causes, that may involve muscles, nerves or blood vessels. Reproduced with permission from The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Diabetic neuropathies increase with age, duration of diabetes and level of control of diabetes. Read more on RACGP - The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners website. They are heterogeneous, with diverse clinical manifestations, and may be focal or diffuse. The fructosamine test is a measurement of glycated protein which is formed by a nonenzymatic reaction of serum proteins with glucose. However, glycated album. Read more on Pathology Tests Explained website. When prescribing pain relief for older patients it is important to remember that ageing can affect the pharmacokinetics of analgesic drugs. Read more on Australian Prescriber website. 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| Share via email | What is diabetic Green tea antioxidant-rich djabetes Focal Green tea antioxidant-rich and cranial neuropathy can both lead to neuropzthy disturbances, such as double vision. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Stretching and Strengthening Green tea antioxidant-rich Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Capsaicin for Tpye Small DEXA scan for diagnosing osteoporosis Surgery for Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis: Heat and Diabetds Therapy Modifying Activities for Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis Gout Rheumatoid Arthritis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Inflammatory Eye Disease Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Range-of-Motion Exercises Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Deciding About Total Joint Replacement Complications of Osteoarthritis Arthritis: Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis Arthritis: Should I Have Knee Replacement Surgery? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Soft shoes that have good support and that fit well such as tennis shoes are best for your feet. Price R, Smith D, Franklin G, et al. |
| Related Conditions & Diseases | Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetic neuropathy is caused by high blood sugar levels sustained over a long period of time. Untreated infection in a limb can result in the need for amputation. How can I prevent diabetic neuropathy from getting worse? Related information. |
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