This suggests there may be complex metabolic shifts occurring after periods of restricted sleep and explains how sleep deprivation and weight gain are linked. Here we show evidence that sleep restriction exaggerates this process, conserving energy stores.

The findings have particular relevance for public health and contribute to the growing body of evidence indicating that regular, healthy sleep habits are an important lifestyle choice for well being. Other Penn State researchers on the project were Stephen Strayer, graduate student in neuroscience at the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences ; Nicole Nahmod, research technologist, and Anne-Marie Chang , assistant professor of biobehavioral health and principal investigator on the study.

Research Sleep deprivation may lead to slower metabolism, weight gain. September 20, By Kristie Auman-Bauer Print. Townsend , R. Prinz , And W. Human cerebral blood flow during sleep and waking.

Tucker , V. Diurnal torpor and its relation to food consumption and weight changes in the California pocket mouse, Perognathus californicus. Vern , B. Schuette , B. Leheta , V. Juel , And M. Tonic and phasic increases in cortical oxidative metabolism during Rem sleep in cats abstract.

Von Euler , C. The influence of hypothalamic thermoceptive structures on the electroencephalogram and gamma motor activity. Walker , J. Sleep as an adaptation for energy conservation functionally related to hibernation and shallow torpor. Garber , R. Sleep and estivation shallow torpor : continuous processes of energy conservation.

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Czeisler , J. Zimmerman , And J. Sleep 2: —, Wexler , D. Moore - Ede. Circadian sleep-wake organization in squirrel monkeys.

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Zepelin , H. Mammalian sleep, longevity and energy metabolism. Brain Behay. Download references. Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Departments of Medicine and Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. Department of Anesthesia, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

Reprints and permissions. Berger, R. Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Body Temperature During Sleep and Circadian Torpor. In: Lydic, R. eds Clinical Physiology of Sleep. Clinical Physiology. Springer, New York, NY.

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Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract endotherms mammals and birds elevate their body temperatures above ambient levels through mechanisms of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis, which require rates of metabolism eight to ten times greater than those of reptiles of similar size passively heated to the same body temperature.

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This study is part of a Ph. Thesis conducted in the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies of the University of Granada, Spain. We are grateful to Dr. Ángel Gutiérrez and Alejandro De la O for all their support in the study.

We are grateful to Ms. Ana Yara Postigo-Fuentes for her assistance with the English language. Units of Scientific Excellence: Scientific Unit of Excellence on Excercise and Health [UCEES] and Plan Propio de Investigación - Programa Contratos-Puente , by the Regional Government of Andalusia, Regional Ministry of Economy, Knowledge, Entreprises and University, by the European Regional Development Fund ERDF , ref.

Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, , Granada, Spain. Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Sol Mochon-Benguigui, Manuel J. PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group PROFITH , Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

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Subjects Metabolic syndrome Nutrition. Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of sleep quality and time with basal metabolic rate BMR and fuel oxidation in basal conditions and during exercise in sedentary middle-aged adults. Introduction Cardiometabolic diseases and obesity are the leading causes of death in developed countries, becoming an epidemic in the last years 1 , 2.

Materials and Methods Participants and design A total of 70 36 women middle-aged sedentary adults 40—65 years old participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and body composition measurements Anthropometric variables were measured by a certified anthropometrist [the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry ISAK ] following the ISAK guidelines Dietary intake assessment Diet was assessed using three hour recalls carried out on 3 separate days 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day by a qualified and trained research dietitian.

Statistical analysis The sample size and power calculations were made based on the data of a pilot study of the FIT-AGEING study Ethical standards Ethical approval for the study was given by the Ethics Committee on Human Research at the University of Granada and Servicio Andaluz de Salud CEI-Granada N Results The characteristics of the study sample are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Descriptive parameters. Full size table. Table 2 Association of sleep quality and time with BMR and BMR LM. Table 4 Association of sleep time and quality with MFO and MFO LM. Discussion The main finding of the present study is that a poor subjective sleep quality was associated with lower BFox independently of sex, age and body composition outcomes.

Conclusions In conclusion, our study showed that a subjective poor sleep quality was associated with lower BFox. References WHO. Article Google Scholar Mozaffarian, D. Article PubMed Google Scholar St-Onge, M.

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more hunger and less satiety , metabolic e. lower resting metabolic rate , and behavioral e. reduced daily activity adaptations aimed at increasing food intake and conserving energy.

Although this coordinated response may have evolved to offset the metabolic demands of sleeplessness in natural habitats with limited food availability, it can become maladaptive in a modern environment which allows many to overeat while maintaining a sedentary lifestyle without sufficient sleep.

Growing experimental evidence now suggests that such sleep-loss-related metabolic adaptation could: a lead to increased retention of fat when people aim to return to their usual weight after various life events associated with excessive food intake; and b undermine the success of therapies combining reduced food intake and increased physical activity to decrease metabolic risk in obesity-prone individuals.

Emerging observational and clinical trial data are consistent with this experimental framework, making it prudent to recommend that overweight and obese individuals attempting to reduce their caloric intake and maintain increased physical activity should obtain adequate sleep and seek effective treatment for any coexisting sleep disorders.

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Hill JO , Wyatt HR , Reed GW , Peters JC Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here? Zhai F , Wang H , Wang Z , Popkin BM , Chen C Closing the energy gap to prevent weight gain in China.

Obes Rev 9 Suppl 1 : — Rosenbaum M , Leibel RL Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. Int J Obes Lond 34 Suppl 1 : S47 — S Sumithran P , Prendergast LA , Delbridge E , Purcell K , Shulkes A , Kriketos A , Proietto J Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. Dulloo AG , Jacquet J , Montani JP Pathways from weight fluctuations to metabolic diseases: focus on maladaptive thermogenesis during catch-up fat.

Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 26 Suppl 2 : S46 — S Nedeltcheva AV , Kilkus JM , Imperial J , Schoeller DA , Penev PD Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity. Ann Intern Med : — Nedeltcheva A , Zhou M , Imperial J , Benyavkaya Y , Penev P Effects of sleep restriction on glucose regulation during diet-induced weight loss.

Sleep 33 Suppl : A Benedict C , Hallschmid M , Lassen A , Mahnke C , Schultes B , Schiöth HB , Born J , Lange T Acute sleep deprivation reduces energy expenditure in healthy men.

Am J Clin Nutr 93 : — Hursel R , Rutters F , Gonnissen HK , Martens EA , Westerterp-Plantenga MS Effects of sleep fragmentation in healthy men on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, physical activity, and exhaustion measured over 48 h in a respiratory chamber.

Am J Clin Nutr 94 : — Nedeltcheva AV , Kilkus JM , Imperial J , Kasza K , Schoeller DA , Penev PD Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks. Am J Clin Nutr 89 : — St-Onge MP , Roberts AL , Chen J , Kelleman M , O'Keeffe M , RoyChoudhury A , Jones PJ Short sleep duration increases energy intakes but does not change energy expenditure in normal-weight individuals.

Booth JN , Bromley LE , Darukhanavala AP , Whitmore HR , Imperial JG , Penev PD Reduced physical activity in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes who curtail their sleep. Obesity Silver Spring 20 : — Roehrs T , Turner L , Roth T Effects of sleep loss on waking actigraphy.

Sleep 23 : — Schmid SM , Hallschmid M , Jauch-Chara K , Wilms B , Benedict C , Lehnert H , Born J , Schultes B Short-term sleep loss decreases physical activity under free-living conditions but does not increase food intake under time-deprived laboratory conditions in healthy men.

Am J Clin Nutr 90 : — Brondel L , Romer MA , Nougues PM , Touyarou P , Davenne D Acute partial sleep deprivation increases food intake in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 91 : — Bosy-Westphal A , Hinrichs S , Jauch-Chara K , Hitze B , Later W , Wilms B , Settler U , Peters A , Kiosz D , Muller MJ Influence of partial sleep deprivation on energy balance and insulin sensitivity in healthy women.

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Outcome of the IASO 1st Stock Conference and consensus statement. Obes Rev 4 : — Spiegel K , Tasali E , Penev P , Van Cauter E Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite.

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J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89 : — Taheri S , Lin L , Austin D , Young T , Mignot E Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Medicine 1 : e Chaput JP , Després JP , Bouchard C , Tremblay A Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin levels and increased adiposity: results from the Quebec family study.

Obesity Silver Spring 15 : — Hayes AL , Xu F , Babineau D , Patel SR Sleep duration and circulating adipokine levels. Knutson KL , Galli G , Zhao X , Mattingly M , Cizza G No association between leptin levels and sleep duration or quality in obese adults.

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J Sleep Res 17 : — Schmid SM , Hallschmid M , Jauch-Chara K , Wilms B , Lehnert H , Born J , Schultes B Disturbed glucoregulatory response to food intake after moderate sleep restriction.

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Sleep 33 : — Weiss A , Xu F , Storfer-Isser A , Thomas A , Ievers-Landis CE , Redline S The association of sleep duration with adolescents' fat and carbohydrate consumption. Grandner MA , Kripke DF , Naidoo N , Langer RD Relationships among dietary nutrients and subjective sleep, objective sleep, and napping in women.

Sleep Med 11 : — Neuron 72 : — Cota D , Proulx K , Smith KA , Kozma SC , Thomas G , Woods SC , Seeley RJ Hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake. Furihata R , Uchiyama M , Takahashi S , Konno C , Suzuki M , Osaki K , Kaneita Y , Ohida T Self-help behaviors for sleep and depression: a Japanese nationwide general population survey.

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Sleep Med Rev 14 : 9 — Kezirian EJ , Kirisoglu CE , Riley RW , Chang E , Guilleminault C , Powell NB Resting energy expenditure in adults with sleep disordered breathing. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg : — Grandner MA , Patel NP , Gehrman PR , Perlis ML , Pack AI Problems associated with short sleep: bridging the gap between laboratory and epidemiological studies.

Sleep Med Rev 14 : — Horne J Obesity and short sleep: unlikely bedfellows? Obes Rev 12 : e84 — Greaves CJ , Sheppard KE , Abraham C , Hardeman W , Roden M , Evans PH , Schwarz P Systematic review of reviews of intervention components associated with increased effectiveness in dietary and physical activity interventions.

BMC Public Health 11 : Chaput JP , Després JP , Bouchard C , Tremblay A 7 June Longer sleep duration associates with lower adiposity gain in adult short sleepers. Int J Obes Lond doi: Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

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Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents The Paradox between Higher Risk of Obesity and the Metabolic Cost of Sleep Loss. Insufficient Sleep and Activity-Related Energy Expenditure. Insufficient Sleep and Control of Energy Intake. Current Areas of Concern and Uncertainty.

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International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine WPI-IIIS , University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan. Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan. Institute of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. and K. conceptualized the study. performed the indirect calorimetry. analyzed the data.

wrote the manuscript, and all authors reviewed the manuscript. Correspondence to Kumpei Tokuyama. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Reprints and permissions. Seol, J. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation during sleep in young and old females. Sci Rep 13 , Download citation. Received : 04 December Accepted : 21 June Published : 27 June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Ageing Metabolism. Abstract Core body temperature CBT shows a diurnal rhythm, and the nocturnal decrease in CBT is blunted in older people.

Introduction Core body temperature CBT shows a diurnal rhythm; CBT increases after awakening, peaks in the early evening followed by a gradual decrease, falls further after bedtime, and begins to increase prior to awakening 1 , 2 , 3. Results Characteristics of participants Physical characteristics are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants. Full size table. Figure 1. Full size image. Figure 2. Discussion In the present study, CBT during sleep in old subjects was higher than that of young subjects, which is consistent with previous studies 1 , 2 , 3. Participants All subjects were not taking sleeping pills, non-smokers, non-shift workers, and had no drinking habit more than three times a week, and no exercise habit more than two times a week for the past 6 months.

Protocol The subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI-J 36 , 37 , which was administered before the indirect calorimetry.

Energy metabolism Energy expenditure, RQ, and oxidation of macronutrients were measured by an indirect calorimetry using a metabolic chamber. Thermometry CBT was measured with an ingestible sensor and wireless data recorder CorTemp, HQ, Inc.

Statistical analysis Data from one old female were not incorporated due to a technical problem. References Weitzman, E. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Vitiello, M.

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