Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Nourizadeh R, Sepehri B, Abbasi A, Sayyed RZ, Khalili L. Impact of Probiotics in Modulation of Gut Microbiome. Singapore: Springer; Book Google Scholar.

Han N, Jia L, Su Y, Du J, Guo L, Luo Z, Liu Y. Stem Cell Res Ther. Abootaleb M, Mohammadi Bandari N, Arbab Soleimani N. Interference of Lactobacillus casei with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the treatment of infected burns in Wistar rats. Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. Iran J Basic Med Sci.

Zahedi F, Heydari-Nasrabadi M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Shabani M, Aboutalebi H. Study the effect of Lactobacillus brevis isolated from iranian traditional cheese on cutaneous wound healing in male rats on days 3, Razi J Med Sci.

Google Scholar. Gudadappanavar A, Hombal M, Timashetti PR, Javali SS. Influence of actobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on wound healing in male Wistar rats - an experimental study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res.

Tsiouris CG, Kelesi M, Vasilopoulos G, Kalemikerakis I. The efficacy of probiotics as pharmacological treatment of cutaneous wounds: meta-analysis of animal studies. Eur J Pharm Sci. doi: Valdez J, Peral M, Rachid M, Santana M, Perdigon GJC.

Interference of Lactobacillus plantarum with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in infected burns: the potential use of probiotics in wound treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect.

Satish L, Gallo Johnson S, Yates Kathju SJSI. Local probiotic therapy with Lactobacillus plantarum mitigates scar formation in rabbits after burn injury and infection. Surg Infect Larchmt. de Almeida TF, de Pires C, Monte-Alto-Costa T. Blockade of glucocorticoid receptors improves cutaneous wound healing in stressed mice.

Exp Biol Med. Lam EK, Yu L, Wong HP, Wu WK, Shin VY, Tai EK. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhances gastric ulcer healing in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. Peral M, Rachid M, Gobbato N, Martinez MH, Valdez JJCM. Interleukin-8 production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with chronic infected leg ulcers treated with Lactobacillus plantarum.

Huseini HF, Rahimzadeh G, Fazeli MR, Mehrazma M, Salehi MJB. Evaluation of wound healing activities of kefir products. Khalili L, Eslamnezhad K, Barzegar A, Dehghani A, Zakeri N, Mehrabi E. Role of Probiotics in Diabetes Control.

Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis ; — Springer, Singapore. Peral MC, Huaman Martinez MA, Valdez JC. Wound J. El-Ghazely M, Mahmoud W, Atia M, Eldip F, Disasters F. Effect of probiotic administration in the therapy of pediatric thermal burn. Int Wound J. CAS Google Scholar.

Sinha A, Sagar S, Madhumathy M, Osborne WJ. Probiotic Bacteria in Wound Healing; an In-Vivo study. Iran J Biotechnol. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Mohammadi A, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Javadzadeh Y, Fardiazar Z, Effati-Daryani F.

Effects of cinnamon on perineal pain and healing of episiotomy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med. Jones RM. The Use of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei in Clinical Trials for the Improvement of Human in: The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Academic Press ; 99— Torkestani F, Abedini M, Radpouyan L, Ghasbe H, Rahimi S, Hadipour-Jahromi L, Bakhshandeh M, Emami Afsar N.

National guideline of midwifery and birth services. Tehran: Iran Ministry of Health. Alvarenga MB, Francisco AA, Oliveira SM, Silva F, Shimoda GT, Damiani LP. Episiotomy healing assessment: redness, oedema, ecchymosis, discharge, approximation REEDA scale reliability.

Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. Crichton N. Visual analogue scale VAS. J Clin Nurs. Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ.

Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad J Emerg Med. Article CAS Google Scholar. Tagliari E, Campos LF, Campos AC, Costa-Casagrande TA, Noronha L. Effect of probiotic oral administration on skin wound healing in rats.

Arq Bras Cir Dig. Nasrabadi H, Ebrahimi T, Banadaki D, Kajousangi T. Study of cutaneous wound healing in rats treated with Lactobacillus plantarum on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and J Pharm Pharmacol.

Twetman S, Keller M, Lee L, Yucel-Lindberg T, Pedersen AL. Effect of probiotic lozenges containing Lactobacillus reuteri on oral wound healing: a pilot study. Lei M, Guo C, Wang Y, Hua L, Xue S, Yu D, et al. Pac J Clin Nutr. Shabani M, Hasanpour E, Mohammadifar M, Bahmani F, Talaei SA, Aghighi F, et al.

Evaluating the Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Neuropathic Pain and oxidative stress factors in an animal model of Chronic Constriction Injury of the sciatic nerve.

Basic Clin Neurosci. Download references. The present study is a research project approved by Tabriz University of Medical sciences. The cooperation of the Research Deputy and the officials and staff of Tabriz University of Medical sciences, as well as all women who participated in the study, is gratefully acknowledged.

This study was done with the budget of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The funding agency had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data and writing of the manuscript. Student Research Committee, Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

RN and AH conceptualized and designed the study. DA performed the intervention. EM contributed to data collection and data management. SH contributed to data analysis and drafting the tables. DA and RN drafted and revised the manuscript, and all authors contributed to its content and approved its submission.

Correspondence to Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh. The study complies with the World Medical Association Helsinki Declaration regarding the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with the code of IR.

Informed written consent was obtained from each participant. The principles of anonymity and confidentiality were applied and the results of the request were presented to the participants.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Abdollahpour, D. et al. The effect of probiotic supplementation on episiotomy wound healing among primiparous women: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial.

BMC Complement Med Ther 23 , Download citation. Received : 05 January Accepted : 27 April Published : 05 May Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Clarke G, Stilling RM, Kennedy PJ, Stanton C, Cryan JF, Dinan TG Minireview: gut microbiota: the neglected endocrine organ.

Mol Endocrinol 28 8 — Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar. Cowan T Biofilms and their management: from concept to clinical reality. J Wound Care 20 5 , —6. Dhakan DB, Maji A, Sharma AK, Saxena R, Pulikkan J, Grace T et al The unique composition of Indian gut microbiome, gene catalogue, and associated fecal metabolome deciphered using multi-omics approaches.

GigaScience 8 3 :giz Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Fierer N et al Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 26 — PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Fabbrocini G, Bertona M, Picazo Ó, Pareja-Galeano H, Monfrecola G, Emanuele E Supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implicated in insulin signalling and improves adult acne.

Benef Microbes 7 5 — Fu Y, Lee C-H, Chi C-C Association of psoriasis with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 12 — Fung TC, Bessman NJ, Hepworth MR, Kumar N, Shibata N, Kobuley D et al Lymphoid-tissue-resident commensal bacteria promote members of the IL cytokine family to establish mutualism.

Immunity 44 3 — Gaboriau-Routhiau V, Rakotobe S, Lécuyer E, Mulder I, Lan A, Bridonneau C et al The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T cell responses.

Immunity 31 4 — Galdeano CM, Perdigón G The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei induces activation of the gut mucosal immune system through innate immunity. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13 2 — Gan BS, Kim J, Reid G, Cadieux P, Howard JC Lactobacillus fermentum RC inhibits Staphylococcus aureus infection of surgical implants in rats.

J Infect Dis 9 — Gibson GR Food science and technology bulletin: Fu. IFIS Publishing, Wokingham, p. Google Scholar.

Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ et al Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics ISAPP consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14 8 — Grice EA, Kong HH, Conlan S, Deming CB, Davis J, Young AC et al Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome.

Gut Microbes 4 4 — Gudadappanavar AM, Hombal PR, Timashetti SS, Javali SB Influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on wound healing in male Wistar rats—an experimental study.

Int J Appl Basic Med Res 7 4 — Guéniche A, Benyacoub J, Buetler TM, Smola H, Blum S Supplementation with oral probiotic bacteria maintains cutaneous immune homeostasis after UV exposure.

Eur J Dermatol 16 5 — PubMed Google Scholar. Guéniche A, Cathelineau A-C, Bastien P, Esdaile J, Martin R, Queille Roussel C et al Vitreoscilla filiformis biomass improves seborrheic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 22 8 — Gurtner GC, Werner S, Barrandon Y, Longaker MT Wound repair and regeneration.

Nature — Hacini-Rachinel F, Gheit H, Le Luduec J-B, Dif F, Nancey S, Kaiserlian D Oral probiotic control skin inflammation by acting on both effector and regulatory T cells. PLoS One 4 3 :e Hampe J, Shaw SH, Saiz R, Leysens N, Lantermann A, Mascheretti S et al Linkage of inflammatory bowel disease to human chromosome 6p.

Am J Hum Genet 65 6 — Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B et al Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic.

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11 8 — Int J Food Sci Nutr 66 8 — Huseini HF, Rahimzadeh G, Fazeli MR, Mehrazma M, Salehi M Evaluation of wound healing activities of kefir products.

Burns 38 5 — Isolauri E, Arvola T, SÜtas Y, Moilanen E, Salminen S Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema. Clin Exp Allergy 30 11 — Article Google Scholar. Janeway CA The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self.

Immunol Today 13 1 — Jones M, Ganopolsky JG, Labbé A, Gilardino M, Wahl C, Martoni C et al Novel nitric oxide producing probiotic wound healing patch: preparation and in vivo analysis in a New Zealand white rabbit model of ischaemic and infected wounds. Int Wound J 9 3 — Jung GW, Tse JE, Guiha I, Rao J Prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of an acne treatment regimen with and without a probiotic supplement and minocycline in subjects with mild to moderate acne.

J Cutan Med Surg 17 2 — Biomedicine 7 2 CAS Google Scholar. Kano M, Masuoka N, Kaga C, Sugimoto S, Iizuka R, Manabe K et al Consecutive intake of fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult and galacto-oligosaccharides benefits skin condition in healthy adult women.

Biosci Microbiota Food Health 32 1 — Kim J, Ko Y, Park Y-K, Kim N-I, Ha W-K, Cho Y Dietary effect of lactoferrin-enriched fermented milk on skin surface lipid and clinical improvement of acne vulgaris.

Nutrition 26 9 — Kimoto-Nira H, Aoki R, Sasaki K, Suzuki C, Mizumachi K Oral intake of heat-killed cells of Lactococcus lactis strain H61 promotes skin health in women. J Nutr Sci 1:e Lee DE, Huh C-S, Ra J, Choi I-D, Jeong J-W, Kim S-H et al Clinical evidence of effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HY on skin aging: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.

J Microbiol Biotechnol 25 12 — Leon Carrion S, Sutter CH, Sutter TR Combined treatment with sodium butyrate and PD enhances keratinocyte differentiation. Exp Dermatol 23 3 — Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S-C NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther Lopes EG, Moreira DA, Gullón P, Gullón B, Cardelle-Cobas A, Tavaria FK Topical application of probiotics in skin: adhesion, antimicrobial and antibiofilm in vitro assays.

J Appl Microbiol 2 — Martin AM, Sun EW, Rogers GB, Keating DJ The influence of the gut microbiome on host metabolism through the regulation of gut hormone release. Front Physiol Sci Rep Mustoe T Understanding chronic wounds: a unifying hypothesis on their pathogenesis and implications for therapy.

Am J Surg 5A S—70S. Myles IA, Earland NJ, Anderson ED, Moore IN, Kieh MD, Williams KW et al First-in-human topical microbiome transplantation with Roseomonas mucosa for atopic dermatitis. JCI Insight 9. Navarro-López V, Ramírez-Boscá A, Ramón-Vidal D, Ruzafa-Costas B, Genovés-Martínez S, Chenoll-Cuadros E et al Effect of oral administration of a mixture of probiotic strains on SCORAD index and use of topical steroids in young patients with moderate atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial.

JAMA Dermatol 1 — BioEssays 38 11 — Onbas T, Osmanagaoglu O, Kiran F Potential properties of Lactobacillus plantarum F as a bio-control strategy for wound infections. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 11 4 — Burns 44 7 — Panduru M, Panduru NM, Sălăvăstru CM, Tiplica G-S Probiotics and primary prevention of atopic dermatitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 29 2 — Peral MC, Martinez MAH, Valdez JC Bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus plantarum in burns. Int Wound J 6 1 — Peral MC, Rachid MM, Gobbato NM, Huaman Martinez MA, Valdez JC Interleukin-8 production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with chronic infected leg ulcers treated with Lactobacillus plantarum.

Clin Microbiol Infect 16 3 — Pessi T, Sütas Y, Hurme M, Isolauri E Interleukin generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Clin Exp Allergy 30 12 — Prescott SL, Larcombe D-L, Logan AC, West C, Burks W, Caraballo L et al The skin microbiome: impact of modern environments on skin ecology, barrier integrity, and systemic immune programming.

World Allergy Organ J 10 1 Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C et al A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Rautava S, Kalliomäki M, Isolauri E Probiotics during pregnancy and breast-feeding might confer immunomodulatory protection against atopic disease in the infant.

J Allergy Clin Immunol 1 — Raveh-Sadka T, Thomas BC, Singh A, Firek B, Brooks B, Castelle CJ et al Gut bacteria are rarely shared by co-hospitalized premature infants, regardless of necrotizing enterocolitis development.

elife Rosenfeldt V, Benfeldt E, Nielsen SD, Michaelsen KF, Jeppesen DL, Valerius NH et al Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in children with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2 — Said HM, Nexo E Gastrointestinal handling of water-soluble vitamins.

Compr Physiol 8 4 — Saito Y, Mihara T, Maruyama K, Saito J, Ikeda M, Tomonaga A et al Effects of intake of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei on skin conditions: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in women.

Biosci Microbiota Food Health 36 3 — Satoh T, Murata M, Iwabuchi N, Odamaki T, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K et al Effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation in mice.

Benef Microbes 6 4 — Savage DC Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annu Rev Microbiol 31 1 — Scales BS, Huffnagle GB The microbiome in wound repair and tissue fibrosis.

This study included 20 children, half of whom received a probiotic and half of whom were treated with a placebo. The mean age of the patients was around 7 years, and the treatment was administered daily, starting 10 days after their initial burn and lasting until their wounds were closed.

The wounds of patients treated with probiotics healed at a faster rate than those of patients treated with a placebo.

Based on these studies, why are probiotics not commonplace in clinics around the world? Baljit Dheansa — lead surgeon for burns at Queen Victoria Hospital in East Grinstead, U.

In relation to wound healing, I think there is even more doubt. But in the face of multidrug-resistant bacteria posing a real threat to human health, alternatives to classic antibiotics are desperately needed.

In fact, P. aureus , also listed as a high priority. For now, though, treatment with probiotics remains the prerogative of the physician and the healthcare setting.

In a report published in the Journal of Wound Care , Kenneth Dunn — a consultant burn and plastic surgeon at University Hospital South Manchester in the U. With our increasing knowledge of the importance of the microbiome for health, there is a chance that bacteria — or their extracts — will one day successfully join the fight against their pathogenic cousins, thereby keeping deadly skin infections at bay.

Antibiotics can harm healthy gut bacteria, and the changes may last months or years after taking them. Here is how to protect gut flora. If a person misses a dose of antibiotics, they may be able to take their missed dose.

Learn more here. Taking antibiotics without a prescription can carry risks, such as contributing to antibiotic resistance. Some types of antibiotics can cause adverse effects on the heart.

It is also a public…. My podcast changed me Can 'biological race' explain disparities in health? Why Parkinson's research is zooming in on the gut Tools General Health Drugs A-Z Health Hubs Health Tools Find a Doctor BMI Calculators and Charts Blood Pressure Chart: Ranges and Guide Breast Cancer: Self-Examination Guide Sleep Calculator Quizzes RA Myths vs Facts Type 2 Diabetes: Managing Blood Sugar Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction Connect About Medical News Today Who We Are Our Editorial Process Content Integrity Conscious Language Newsletters Sign Up Follow Us.

Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Could probiotics replace antibiotics in wound healing? By Yella Hewings-Martin, Ph. on August 3, Share on Pinterest Probiotics are live microorganisms that are beneficial to health.

Probiotic bacteria show promising potential. From the laboratory to animal models. Patients improve with probiotic treatments. Not enough evidence yet. Share this article.

fermentum SGL 10, and L. brevis SGL 12 lysates. These findings indicate that tested LAB lysates have different anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that they may find a use in fighting inflammatory skin diseases.

Unfortunately, as concerning the anti-pathogenic effects of LAB lysates, competition assays revealed that at the dosage and timing tested they had no antimicrobial effects, even though viable L.

fermentum SGL 10 inhibited the growth of S. pyogenes , and viable L. Nevertheless, the tested LAB lysates induced proteome modulations of the exposed keratinocytes. These modulations mainly involved the upregulation of proteins related to metabolism of RNA, amino acids and proteins, and migration i.

Indeed, in addition to interleukin-1, interleukins and cytokine signaling, proteins downregulated in HaCaT cells after LAB treatments were highly associated to NF-kB, Hedgehog, and RUNX pathways whose inactivation in HaCaT keratinocytes have been related to attenuated inflammatory cytokine expression and reduced skin inflammation 38 , 39 , 40 , Among the downregulated proteins involved in these processes we have identified for example ILF2 and DDX3X: reduced levels of ILF2 are implicated in lower transcription of the IL2 42 and other cytokines 43 ; whilst reduced levels of DDX3X modulate the NF-κB signal pathway and attenuate the production of inflammatory cytokines Importantly, we also found that L.

salivarius SGL 19 lysates induced common proteins which may be related to their wound healing properties detected by scratch assay. The keratinocyte expression of envoplakin EVPL was induced 9. Envoplakin is involved in the dynamic interaction with periplakin and vimentin, facilitates the cytoskeletal reorganization and remodelling, and plays a key role in the wound healing process Furthermore, SGL 07 and SGL 19 lysates induced the keratinocyte expression of protein-arginine deiminase type-1 PADI1 , 7.

PADI1, immunodetected in all the neo-epidermis, catalyzes the conversion of protein-bound arginines into citrullines, a deimination process which involves clot proteins and that is fundamental for the wound closure 46 , The results of migration assays indicated that the L.

salivarius SGL 19 lysates accelerate the wound closure likely by enhancing the movement of keratinocytes. However, considering that HaCaT cells have a doubling time ranging from 36 to 24 h in dependence of cell culture passages 48 , and that after 24 h there was no an increased migration, a mixed effect that also involves cell proliferation cannot be excluded after 7 days.

Nevertheless, in support of a prevalent effect on migration, the proteomics data demonstrated that SGL 07 and SGL 19 lysates simultaneously induced and to a greater extent than the other tested LAB the expression of two proteins which play a key role in cellular migration: the focal adhesion kinase 1 PTK2, also known as FAK and the SA2 SA2 proteins.

PTK2 was induced 6,fold and 3,fold whilst SA2 2,fold and 2,fold after SGL 07 and SGL 19 treatments, respectively. PTK2, known since the 90s for promoting keratinocyte migration 49 , is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase considered a central molecule in integrin-mediated signalling involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and in the structure of cell adhesion sites and membrane protrusions which are important for cell movement Its inhibition reduces the keratinocyte migration especially under hypoxia.

SA2 is instead a calcium binding protein involved in cellular calcium signalling. It enhances cellular migration 51 , chemotaxis, and skin cancer metastasis 52 , by interacting with components of the motility apparatus such as tropomyosin and actin cytoskeleton Although mice expressing human SA2 exhibited delayed wound repair 54 , it has been showed that SA2 knockdown reduces the TGF-β1-induced cell migration Other proteins strongly induced in keratinocytes after treatment with SGL07, such as casein kinase II subunit alpha 3 and ribosome-binding protein 1, or after treatment with SGL19, such as actin aortic smooth muscle, are directly implicated in cell migration 55 , 56 , Proteomic analysis was also performed for keratinocytes exposed to pathogens and then treated with LAB lysates.

This analysis revealed that the deregulated proteins of HaCaT cells exposed to S. aureus , or S. Our results support that LAB lysates have beneficial effect on the improving of skin health. We demonstrated wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties for the selected LAB lysates, and elucidated the molecular mechanism involved from a proteomic point of view.

Further studies could be useful to deepen the knowledge of lactobacilli effects on skin cells, for example by investigating lysates at different concentrations or by analysing other different LAB strains. These strategies could also be useful to highlight antimicrobial effects of lysates that did not emerge from this study.

Furthermore, one of the important points highlighted by the present study is the strain specificity of the described effects. The six tested LAB lysates showed differences in the degree of stimulation of wound healing and proliferation of keratinocytes, as well differences in the induced modulation of keratinocytes proteome.

Moreover, each strain showed a specific cytokine and chemokine secretion profile which may reflect different anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effects. These findings suggest that formulations containing a combination of different LAB strains could be potentially more effective than those containing single strains.

However, multi strain combinations should be investigated for their modes of action, their interaction antagonistic or synergistic , in order to find the best combination and the appropriate concentration to target specific skin disorders such as allergic dermatitis, acne, wounds, psoriasis, photoaging and atopic dermatitis.

Further investigations in suitable animal models of skin disorders should be performed prior to proceeding to clinical trials in humans in order to confirm the efficacy and safety of these formulation in prevention and therapy of skin disorders.

Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD, username: reviewer ebi. uk, password: 5QJfEx7e.

Egert, M. The association of the skin microbiota with health, immunity, and disease. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Roudsari, M. Health effects of probiotics on the skin. Food Sci. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Knackstedt, R. The role of topical probiotics on skin conditions: a systematic review of animal and human studies and implications for future therapies.

Baquerizo Nole, K. Probiotics and prebiotics in dermatology. Al-Ghazzewi, F. Impact of prebiotics and probiotics on skin health.

Microbes 5 , 99— Lukic, J. et al. Probiotics or pro-healers: the role of beneficial bacteria in tissue repair. Wound Repair Regen. Mohammedsaeed, W. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG lysate increases re-epithelialization of keratinocyte scratch assays by promoting migration.

Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Jung, Y. Lysates of a probiotic, lactobacillus rhamnosus, can improve skin barrier function in a reconstructed human epidermis model.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Venosi, S. Infected chronic ischemic wound topically treated with a multi-strain probiotic formulation: a novel tailored treatment strategy. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Widyarman, A.

The anti-inflammatory effects of glycerol-supplemented probiotic lactobacillus reuteri on infected epithelial cells in vitro. Jeon, B. In vitro and in vivo downregulation of C3 by lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum K8 suppressed cytokine-mediated complement system activation.

FEMS Microbiol. Khmaladze, I. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM a comparative study on the effect of probiotics and lysates on human skin.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG inhibits the toxic effects of Staphylococcus aureus on epidermal keratinocytes. Prince, T. Lactobacillus reuteri protects epidermal keratinocytes from Staphylococcus aureus -induced cell death by competitive exclusion. Blanchet-Rethore, S. Effect of a lotion containing the heat-treated probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC on Staphylococcus aureus colonization in atopic dermatitis.

S Benyacoub, J. Immune modulation property of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC ST11 strain and impact on skin defences.

Microbes 5 , — Holowacz, S. Lactobacillus salivarius LA and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA attenuate skin inflammation in mice. Microbes 9 , — Mariman, R.

Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB ameliorates inflammation of colon and skin in human APOC1 transgenic mice. Microbes 7 , — Kim, W. Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum KBL causes taxonomic and functional changes in gut microbiota leading to improvement of atopic dermatitis.

Ogawa, M. Effects of oral intake of heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC SBL88 on dry skin conditions: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Chapat, L. Brandi, J. Investigating the proteomic profile of HT colon cancer cells after Lactobacillus kefiri SGL 13 exposure using the SWATH method.

Mass Spectrom. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Cecconi, D. Runx2 stimulates neoangiogenesis through the Runt domain in melanoma. Colombo, I. Mediators Inflamm. Di Marzio, L. Effect of the lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus on stratum corneum ceramide levels and signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis patients.

x Mainzer, C. Tissue microenvironment initiates an immune response to structural components of Staphylococcus aureus. Lahtinen, S. Probiotic viability: does it matter?. Health Dis. Lombardi, F. Soluble fraction from lysates of selected probiotic strains differently influences re-epithelialization of HaCaT scratched monolayer through a mechanism involving nitric oxide synthase 2.

Asahina, R. A review of the roles of keratinocyte-derived cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in humans and dogs. Sticherling, M.

ep Aleem, D. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, biomarkers, genetics and the immune system: a mechanistic approach of depression and psoriasis. Behfar, S. A brief look at the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 CCL2 in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.

Cytokine , — Mai, W. MCP-1 produced by keratinocytes is associated with leucocyte recruitment during elicitation of nickel-induced occupational allergic contact dermatitis. Health 34 , 36— Nedoszytko, B. Chemokines and cytokines network in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory skin diseases: atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and skin mastocytosis.

Postepy Dermatol. Johansen, C. STAT2 is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by promoting CXCL11 and CCL5 production by keratinocytes. PLoS ONE 12 , e Pastore, S.

The contribution of keratinocytes to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Friedl, P. Tuning collective cell migration by cell-cell junction regulation. Cold Spring Harb. a Yang, S. Ar-Turmerone exerts anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities in HaCaT keratinocytes by inactivating hedgehog pathway.

Chen, M. Thalidomide ameliorates rosacea-like skin inflammation and suppresses NF-kappaB activation in keratinocytes. Voon, D. The RUNX complex: reaching beyond haematopoiesis into immunity. Immunology , — Taniuch, I. Roles of runx transcription factor family in inflammation. Arerugi 63 , — PubMed Google Scholar.

Zhao, G. Cell Res. Kiesler, P. NF45 and NF90 regulate HS4-dependent interleukin transcription in T cells. Wang, X. DEAD -box RNA helicase 3 modulates NF-kappaB signal pathway by controlling the phosphorylation of PP2A-C subunit.

Oncotarget 8 , — Fogl, C. Mechanism of intermediate filament recognition by plakin repeat domains revealed by envoplakin targeting of vimentin.

Coudane, F. Deimination and expression of peptidylarginine deiminases during cutaneous wound healing in mice. Mechin, M.

Deimination and peptidylarginine deiminases in skin physiology and diseases. Scheitza, S. Variable NAT1 enzyme activity in long-term cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes. Health A 75 , — Gates, R. Potential role for focal adhesion kinase in migrating and proliferating keratinocytes near epidermal wounds and in culture.

Cell Growth Differ. Zhang, J. BNIP3 promotes the motility and migration of keratinocyte under hypoxia. Gross, S. Joining S proteins and migration: for better or for worse, in sickness and in health. Cell Mol. Life Sci.

Naz, S. Gimona, M. Pan, S. The p53—SA2 positive feedback loop negatively regulates epithelialization in cutaneous wound healing.

Wu, D. Stable knockdown of protein kinase CK2-alpha CK2alpha inhibits migration and invasion and induces inactivation of hedgehog signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep G2 cells.

Acta Histochem. He, Y. Xu, Z. Hum Reprod. Download references. This paper is dedicated with sorrow and affection to the memory of Prof. Giuseppe Cornaglia who died prematurely in March We also thank Dr.

Tsiouris CG, Kelesi M, Vasilopoulos G, Kalemikerakis I. The efficacy of probiotics as pharmacological treatment of cutaneous wounds: meta-analysis of animal studies.

Eur J Pharm Sci. doi: Valdez J, Peral M, Rachid M, Santana M, Perdigon GJC. Interference of Lactobacillus plantarum with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in infected burns: the potential use of probiotics in wound treatment.

Clin Microbiol Infect. Satish L, Gallo Johnson S, Yates Kathju SJSI. Local probiotic therapy with Lactobacillus plantarum mitigates scar formation in rabbits after burn injury and infection.

Surg Infect Larchmt. de Almeida TF, de Pires C, Monte-Alto-Costa T. Blockade of glucocorticoid receptors improves cutaneous wound healing in stressed mice. Exp Biol Med. Lam EK, Yu L, Wong HP, Wu WK, Shin VY, Tai EK.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhances gastric ulcer healing in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. Peral M, Rachid M, Gobbato N, Martinez MH, Valdez JJCM.

Interleukin-8 production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with chronic infected leg ulcers treated with Lactobacillus plantarum. Huseini HF, Rahimzadeh G, Fazeli MR, Mehrazma M, Salehi MJB.

Evaluation of wound healing activities of kefir products. Khalili L, Eslamnezhad K, Barzegar A, Dehghani A, Zakeri N, Mehrabi E. Role of Probiotics in Diabetes Control. Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis ; — Springer, Singapore.

Peral MC, Huaman Martinez MA, Valdez JC. Wound J. El-Ghazely M, Mahmoud W, Atia M, Eldip F, Disasters F. Effect of probiotic administration in the therapy of pediatric thermal burn. Int Wound J. CAS Google Scholar. Sinha A, Sagar S, Madhumathy M, Osborne WJ. Probiotic Bacteria in Wound Healing; an In-Vivo study.

Iran J Biotechnol. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Mohammadi A, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mirghafourvand M, Javadzadeh Y, Fardiazar Z, Effati-Daryani F.

Effects of cinnamon on perineal pain and healing of episiotomy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med. Jones RM. The Use of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei in Clinical Trials for the Improvement of Human in: The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Academic Press ; 99— Torkestani F, Abedini M, Radpouyan L, Ghasbe H, Rahimi S, Hadipour-Jahromi L, Bakhshandeh M, Emami Afsar N.

National guideline of midwifery and birth services. Tehran: Iran Ministry of Health. Alvarenga MB, Francisco AA, Oliveira SM, Silva F, Shimoda GT, Damiani LP. Episiotomy healing assessment: redness, oedema, ecchymosis, discharge, approximation REEDA scale reliability.

Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. Crichton N. Visual analogue scale VAS. J Clin Nurs. Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain.

Acad J Emerg Med. Article CAS Google Scholar. Tagliari E, Campos LF, Campos AC, Costa-Casagrande TA, Noronha L. Effect of probiotic oral administration on skin wound healing in rats. Arq Bras Cir Dig. Nasrabadi H, Ebrahimi T, Banadaki D, Kajousangi T. Study of cutaneous wound healing in rats treated with Lactobacillus plantarum on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and J Pharm Pharmacol.

Twetman S, Keller M, Lee L, Yucel-Lindberg T, Pedersen AL. Effect of probiotic lozenges containing Lactobacillus reuteri on oral wound healing: a pilot study.

Lei M, Guo C, Wang Y, Hua L, Xue S, Yu D, et al. Pac J Clin Nutr. Shabani M, Hasanpour E, Mohammadifar M, Bahmani F, Talaei SA, Aghighi F, et al. Evaluating the Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Neuropathic Pain and oxidative stress factors in an animal model of Chronic Constriction Injury of the sciatic nerve.

Basic Clin Neurosci. Download references. The present study is a research project approved by Tabriz University of Medical sciences. The cooperation of the Research Deputy and the officials and staff of Tabriz University of Medical sciences, as well as all women who participated in the study, is gratefully acknowledged.

This study was done with the budget of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The funding agency had no role in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data and writing of the manuscript.

Student Research Committee, Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Midwifery Department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. RN and AH conceptualized and designed the study. DA performed the intervention. EM contributed to data collection and data management. SH contributed to data analysis and drafting the tables.

DA and RN drafted and revised the manuscript, and all authors contributed to its content and approved its submission. Correspondence to Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh. The study complies with the World Medical Association Helsinki Declaration regarding the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences with the code of IR.

Informed written consent was obtained from each participant. The principles of anonymity and confidentiality were applied and the results of the request were presented to the participants.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.

Reprints and permissions. Abdollahpour, D. et al. The effect of probiotic supplementation on episiotomy wound healing among primiparous women: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 23 , Download citation.

Received : 05 January Accepted : 27 April Published : 05 May Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.

Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Probiotics increase the defense power of immune system and accelerate the wound healing process by anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the wound site.

Methods This triple-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 74 primiparous women delivered in Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Results The mean standard deviation: SD score of wound healing in the probiotic group altered from 4.

Conclusion Lactobacillus casei oral supplementation is effective in healing episiotomy wounds. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT : IRCTN7. Introduction Episiotomy means making surgical incision in the perineal muscles during the second stage of labor for widening the pelvic outlet and increasing the speed of fetal head exit.

Method Study design and participants This triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 74 women delivered in Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz. Sample size The sample size was calculated based on the wound healing variable in the study of Mohammadi et al.

Sampling After registering the study on the website of the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT IRCTN7 and receiving a referral letter, the researcher first author introduce herself to the hospital officials and attended the delivery ward.

Intervention The probiotic group received Lactobacillus casei with 1. Data Collection Tools The data were collected using demographic and obstetric profile, REEDA, VAS and side events checklist. The REEDA scale consists of the following five domains and each of which is scored from 0 to 3: Redness 0 is considered for no redness, 1 for redness at a distance of 0.

Edema 0 is regarded for no edema, 1 for less than 1 cm from the perineal incision area, 2 for 2 cm from the perineal incision area, and 3 for more than 2 cm from the perineal incision area. Ecchymosis 0 for no ecchymosis, 1 for within 0. This may take some time to load.

Loading related content. Jump to main content. Jump to site search. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site or access our non-JavaScript page. Issue 8, From the journal: Materials Horizons.

cn b College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China c Sichuan Testing Center for Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, China.

This article is part of the themed collections: Materials Horizons Lunar New Year collection , Materials Horizons Most Popular Articles and MyFirstMH. You have access to this article. Please wait while we load your content Something went wrong. Try again? Cited by. Download options Please wait Supplementary information PDF 86K Supplementary information PDF K.

Article type Communication. Submitted 09 Jan Accepted 11 May First published 12 May