Accepted : Raspbery Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction PubMed Central CAS PubMed Xnd Scholar Baicy K, London ED, Monterosso Raspbrry, Wong ML, Delibasi T, Sharma A, Licinio Fueling for tennis Leptin replacement alters brain response to food cues in genetically leptin-deficient adults. Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar. All DEXA scans were performed by the same technician and analyzed via current manufacturer software enCORE version Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Trujillo ME, Scherer PE: Adiponectin: Journey from an adipocyte secretory protein to biomarker of the metabolic syndrome.

Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction -

The numerous phytonutrients found in raspberries, including catechins, resveratrol and raspberry ketones, contain powerful antioxidant properties.

Raspberries have more diverse antioxidant properties than most other fruits. Antioxidants help decrease inflammation, reducing the risk of chronic diseases like hypertension and obesity. Research suggests antioxidants may have the ability to disrupt the formation of cancer cells while encouraging existing cancer cells to die.

Raspberry ketones work in conjunction with another natural compound found in raspberries called tiliroside to help regulate blood sugar levels.

The protein adinopectin does not function at optimum levels in obese people with Type 2 Diabetes, making it difficult to control blood sugar and blood fat at healthy levels. Both raspberry ketones and tiliroside can potentially help regulate adinopectin levels, supporting the proper balance of insulin and blood sugar.

Before taking any diet supplement, talk to your doctor about potential health risks. Natural supplements can cause dangerous interactions with prescription medications, so confirm with your pharmacist that raspberry ketones are safe for you to take with your current medications and, again, always consult with your doctor before taking any supplements.

Also, note that exercise and a healthy diet are necessary to boost any fat-burning potential that raspberry ketones may offer. plant based.

plant based diet. Products Shop by Category All Products Best Sellers Appetite Control Weight Management Digestive Support Bundles CBD Mens Health Protein Coffee. Raspberry ketones have a similar molecular structure as two known fat-burning compounds. While they show potential in test-tube studies, these results do not necessarily apply to humans.

In one study, raspberry ketones were given to some mice fed a fattening diet In another study in 40 rats, raspberry ketones increased adiponectin levels and protected against fatty liver disease You would have to take times the recommended amount in order to reach the equivalent dose.

A dosage this severe is never advisable. Although some studies in rodents show that raspberry ketones can protect against weight gain and fatty liver disease, these studies used massive dosages — much higher than you would get with supplements.

The only human study that comes close used a combination of substances, including caffeine, raspberry ketones, garlic , capsaicin, ginger and synephrine In this eight-week study, people cut calories and exercised.

Those who took the supplement lost 7. However, the raspberry ketones may have had nothing to do with the observed weight loss. The caffeine or any of the other ingredients could be responsible.

Comprehensive studies in humans are needed before the effects of raspberry ketones on weight can be fully assessed. There is no evidence that raspberry ketone supplements can cause weight loss in humans. More research is needed.

When administered topically as part of a cream, raspberry ketones appear to increase hair growth in people with hair loss. It may also improve skin elasticity in healthy women However, this study was small and had a number of flaws. More studies need to confirm these effects before any claims can be made One small study proposes that raspberry ketones, administered topically, can increase hair growth and improve skin elasticity.

While there are anecdotal reports of jitteriness, rapid heartbeat and increased blood pressure, there are no studies to support this. Without human studies on raspberry ketones, there is no good data on side effects or a science-backed recommended dosage.

While they seem to work in test animals fed extreme doses, this has no relevance to the doses commonly recommended in humans. Lasting, beneficial changes in your lifestyle are much more likely to have an impact on your weight than raspberry ketones.

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Discover some vitamins for weight loss and some minerals too …. Hydroxycut products came onto the market in Additionally, a future investigation should include a METABO only group with dietary control and no structured exercise program to explore the role of diet with METABO alone on body composition and metabolic outcomes.

Future studies may attempt to explore this observation further with studies designed to look for differences in these important metabolic and biochemical markers as primary outcome measures.

Another important finding in our study relates to the observed differences in adipokine concentrations in the METABO group, although most of these did not achieve statistical significance. For example, we observed a trend for decreased serum resistin concentrations in subjects who received METABO compared to placebo at week 4, but not week 8.

High serum resistin concentrations have been found in obese individuals and have been linked to insulin resistance, hence the trend for decreased resistin levels in METABO is an intriguing finding that requires further investigation in a future study[ 33 ].

The current study may have been underpowered to detect significant differences in serum adiponectin, given that fat loss occurred in both groups as a result of caloric restriction and a consistent exercise program. In addition, trends for maintaining elevated serum leptin from week 0 to week 4 were observed in subjects who received METABO compared to placebo.

Leptin acts on receptors in the hypothalamus to regulate appetite, energy expenditure, sympathetic tone and neuroendocrine function, and circulating levels have been shown to decline in response to caloric restriction or negative energy balance[ 34 ].

Leptin deficiency has been shown to promote hunger and food seeking behaviour, in addition to reduced metabolic rate in humans[ 35 ]. Collectively, the trend for resistin and significant change in leptin may help to partly explain the effects of METABO on body composition. The combination of ingredients with potentially complementary and interactive mechanisms of action may account for the favorable changes observed in many of the clinical endpoints in the METABO group.

Razberi-K® contains Raspberry ketone 4- 4-hydroxyphenyl butanone , which is a naturally occurring phenolic compound in red raspberry Rubus ideas that has been shown to enhance norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes, prevent high-fat diet-induced body weight gain in mice, and increase adiponectin gene expression and secretion in adipocytes in culture[ 12 , 13 ].

Moreover, Wang et al. demonstrated anti-inflammatory benefits, improved antioxidant capacity, and enhanced leptin and insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawly rats using a high-fat diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NASH model[ 36 ].

From the limited preclinical literature, it appears that raspberry ketones require norepinephrine for maximizing their hormone-sensitive lipolytic action.

Capsimax® is a concentrated capsicum extract found in an encapsulated beadlet form to decrease gastric irritation.

Advantra Z® is an ingredient extracted from the Citrus aurantium traditional Chinese herb known as zhi-shi and standardized for the bioactive alkaloid p-synephrine. Other alkaloids are present in the extract including: octopamine, hordenine, and n-methyltyramine. Taken together, the bioactive amines found in Advantra Z® have been shown to increase thermogenesis, and there is cell and tissue culture evidence to suggest lipolysis is accelerated via a β3 adrenergic receptor pathway[ 40 ].

A recent systematic review of human clinical studies involving Citrus aurantium with its primary p-synephrine alkaloid alone or in combination with other ingredients revealed reliable increases in resting metabolic rate of between 2.

Caffeine is regarded as one of the most commonly consumed methylxanthine alkaloids known to act as an adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. As such, the presence of caffeine may have contributed to amplifying the beta-adrenergic and lipolytic effects of the METABO formulation.

Despite being on a calorie-reduced diet, subjects in this study reported feeling improved energy and decrease in cravings for energy-dense, fatty foods.

Previous studies have indicated that food cravings are significantly related to food intake with specific cravings correlating with types of food consumed[ 24 ] and a high-fat diet is a strong risk factor for the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome, as a result of increased energy density and overall caloric intake[ 41 ].

Caffeine, in isolation or in combination with other bioactive nutritional compounds, has also been shown in multiple human clinical trials to increase the perception of energy, blunt appetite, and improve measures of mood, alertness, attention, and concentration[ 14 , 42 , 43 ].

Although subject demographics were similar between groups, there was greater attrition of the placebo group relative to METABO.

It has been reported that decreased levels of mental and physical energy and increased cravings for energy-dense foods can diminish dietary and exercise adherence during outpatient weight loss programs[ 46 , 47 ]. A notable finding in this regard is that, compared to the placebo group, the METABO group experienced a significant increase in their energy levels and decreased cravings for energy-dense foods.

Future studies may examine if METABO improves adherence to a comprehensive diet and exercise weight loss program. Gender differences were not explored in our study, but future investigations are currently underway in an attempt to answer this question.

The mean target caloric intake for the METABO group using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation multiplied by an activity factor of 1. However, three-day food records are notorious for recall bias and an underestimation of actual energy consumption[ 48 ]. Jeor equation.

The obese and overweight state is characterized by chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation as a result of the expanded white adipose tissue compartment, particularly the visceral adipose depot. Adipose tissue from obese individuals is known to be an important endocrine organ capable of contributing to insulin resistance, persistent inflammation, and metabolic and vascular dysfunction via the perturbed adipokine secretion profile[ 34 ].

The collective action of garlic extract standardized for organosulfur compounds, ginger extract standardized for gingerols and shogaols, biotin and chromium in METABO may contribute to antiadipogenic, anti-inflammatory actions in conjunction with metabolic health benefits[ 20 , 21 , 36 , 37 , 49 — 51 ].

The bioactive compounds in garlic, ginger, and raspberry in addition to biotin and chromium have been suggested to modulate high-leverage metabolic pathways with nutrigenomic signaling, including: NF-kB, PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, orexigens, and aforementioned adipocytokines.

It is conceivable that although increased sympathomimetic drive, lipolysis and thermogenesis contributed to the positive outcomes in body composition, the interaction of reduced dietary energy intake with exercise and METABO lead to further improvements in the adipokine profile that facilitated improvements in serum triacylglycerol, selective fat loss, skeletal muscle retention and abdominal girth reduction.

It would be helpful for future studies to explore the influence of METABO on the systemic adipokine profile to clarify if this is one potential mechanism. In recent years, there have been numerous natural products being marketed and sold that claim to contain the right combination of vitamins, herbs and foods that can help with weight loss.

However, very few of these products undergo finished product-specific research demonstrating their efficacy and safety. In the current study, as an adjunct to an 8-week diet and weight loss program, METABO administration augmented beneficial changes in body composition and anthropometric variables hip and waist girth in overweight men and women, and led to additional benefits on energy levels and food cravings.

The placebo group had noticeable beneficial changes in body fat and non-significant improvements in certain metabolic variables as a result of diet and exercise alone, albeit these changes were less robust than in METABO group. METABO was safe and well-tolerated in all subjects, no serious adverse events were recorded, nor were differences in systemic hemodynamics or clinical blood chemistries observed between the two groups.

Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms by which METABO exerts its weight loss effects and its possible role in regulating adipokine concentrations. HLL and TNZ contributed to the design and coordination of the study, drafting the manuscript, as well as oversight of data collection and analyses.

JEH and SMH carried out the practical aspects of the study, including data collection and dietary analyses. SMA participated in the adipokine analyses and assisted in manuscript preparation. JPW performed the statistical analyses. AAF assisted in analysis and interpretation of data, as well as manuscript preparation.

All authors participated in editing and approved the final draft of the manuscript. Dixon JB: The effect of obesity on health outcomes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Adult Obesity Facts, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

html ,. Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W: Annual medical spending attributable to obesity; payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff. Article Google Scholar. Metabolic Syndrome, MedinePlus. Scarpellini E, Tack J: Obesity and metabolic syndrome: an inflammatory condition.

Dig Dis. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Smith MM, Minson CT: Obesity and adipokines: effects on sympathetic overactivity. J Physiol. Article PubMed Central CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Takahashi M, Maeda K, Miyagawa J, Hotta K, Shimomura I, Nakamura T, Miyaoka K, Kuriyama H, Nishida M, Yamashita S, Okubo K, Matsubara K, Muraguchi M, Ohmoto Y, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y: Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity.

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Hotta K, Funahashi T, Arita Y, Takahashi M, Matsuda M, Okamoto Y, Iwahashi H, Kuriyama H, Ouchi N, Maeda K, Nishida M, Kihara S, Sakai N, Nakajima T, Hasegawa K, Muraguchi M, Ohmoto Y, Nakamura T, Yamashita S, Hanafusa T, Matsuzawa Y: Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in type 2 diabetic patients.

Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Kumada M, Kihara S, Sumitsuji S, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto S, Ouchi N, Arita Y, Okamoto Y, Shimomura I, Hiraoka H, Nakamura T, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Osaka CAD, Study Group: Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men.

Ouchi N, Ohishi M, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Nakamura T, Nagaretani H: Association of hypoadiponectinemia with impaired vasoreactivity. Trujillo ME, Scherer PE: Adiponectin: Journey from an adipocyte secretory protein to biomarker of the metabolic syndrome.

J Intern Med. Morimoto C, Satoh Y, Hara M, Inoue S, Tsujita T, Okuda H: Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone. Life Sci.

Planta Med. Diepvens K, Westerterp KR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS: Obesity and thermogenesis related to the consumption of caffeine, ephedrine, capsaicin, and green tea. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. Josse AR, Sherriffs SS, Holwerda AM, Andrews R, Staples AW, Phillips SM: Effects of capsinoid ingestion on energy expenditure and lipid oxidation at rest and during exercise.

Nutr Metab. Yoneshiro T, Aita S, Kawai Y, Iwanaga T, Saito M: Nonpungent capsaicin analogs capsinoids increase energy expenditure through the activation of brown adipose tissue in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. Bloomer R, Canale R, Shastri S, Suvarnapathki S: Effect of oral intake of caspaicinoid beadlets on catecholamine secretion and blood markers of lipolysis in healthy adult: a randomized, placebo, controlled, double-blind, cross-over study.

Lipids Health Dis. Article PubMed Central PubMed Google Scholar. Okamoto M, Irii H, Tahara Y, Ishii H, Hirao A, Udagawa H, Hiramoto M, Yasuda K, Takanishi A, Shibata S, Shimizu I: Synthesis of a new [6]-gingerol analogue and its protective effect with respect to the development of metabolic syndrome in mice fed a high-fat diet.

J Med Chem. Phytother Res. Ernsberger P, Johnson JL, Rosenthal T, Mirelman D, Koletsky RJ: Therapeutic actions of allylmercaptocaptopril and captopril in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Am J Hypertens. Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Shara M: A review of the human clinical studies involving Citrus aurantium bitter orange extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine.

Int J Med Sci. Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO: A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Weir JP: Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient. J Strength Cond Res.

PubMed Google Scholar. Lohman T, Martorell R, Roche AF: Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Google Scholar. Valcour V, Yeh TM, Bartt R, Clifford D, Gerschenson M, Evans SR, Cohen BA, Ebenezer GJ, Hauer P, Millar L, Gould M, Tran P, Shikuma C, Souza S, McArthur JC: AIDS Clinical Trials Group ACTG protocol team.

Acetyl-l-carnitine and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-associated neuropathy in HIV infection. HIV Med. Campbell WW, Haub MD, Wolfe RR, Ferrando AA, Sullivan DH, Apolzan JW, Iglay HB: Resistance training preserves fat-free mass without impacting changes in protein metabolism after weight loss in older women.

Obesity Silver Spring. CAS Google Scholar. Hunter GB, Bryne NM, Sirikul B, Fernandez JR, Zuckermann PA, Darnell BE, Gower BA: Resistance training conserves fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure following weight loss.

Weinheimer EM, Sands LP, Campbell WW: A systematic review of the separate and combined effects of energy restriction and exercise on fat-free mass on middle-aged and older adults: implications for sarcopenic obesity.

Nutt Rev. J Am Diet Assoc. Sadashiv Tiwari S, Paul BN, Kumar S, Chandra A, Dhananiai S, Negi MP: Over expression of resistin in adipose tissue of the obese induces insulin resistin.

World J Diabetes. Ouchi N, Parker JL, Lugus JJ, Walsh K: Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol. Baicy K, London ED, Monterosso J, Wong ML, Delibasi T, Sharma A, Licinio J: Leptin replacement alters brain response to food cues in genetically leptin-deficient adults.

Proc Natl Acad Sci. Wang L, Meng X, Zhang F: Raspberry ketone protects rats fed high-fat diets against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Med Food.

Raspberry ketones are chemicals ketobes red raspberries that are used for Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction flavor and fragrance. You may be struggling to Raapberry weight Weight loss journey tempted to turn to Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction that claim to Bold Citrus Flavor a difference. Reduftion what we do know is that in studies onflammation on rodents and in labs, only very high doses of raspberry ketones were effective for weight loss. These doses may not even be safe for humans. Ketones are natural chemicals that give raspberries their enticing aroma. They are phenolic compounds that also occur in berries like blackberries, cranberriesand other fruits. Although raspberry ketones have been used to add fragrance and flavor to foods and products like colas, ice cream, cosmetics, candles, soaps and candies for many years, they have recently gained attention for their alleged ability to help with weight loss.

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Ketosis and Inflammation #ScienceSaturday Raspberry ketone, sometimes called nad or frambinone, Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction inflammatioon compound that gives raspberries their distinct smell. Some people claim that it Inflanmation offers health benefits, but Body fat percentage evaluation is not yet reductikn research to confirm this belief. Raspberry ketone supplements have gained popularity on the health food scene as a weight loss aid, despite the lack of scientific evidence available to support this use. Read on as we discuss the uses of raspberry ketones and the evidence behind these uses. We also explore the potential side effects of using raspberry ketones.

Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction -

Feeling a bit more clear on raspberry ketones now? Masters Degree in Toxicology and BSc Hons in Medical Biochemistry. Shop now. Save article. Raspberry ketones…. What are raspberry ketones? Four incredible health benefits of raspberries.

Read more. What are raspberry ketones good for? Some people take them to help with: 4 Patchy hair loss Patchy hair loss is also known as alopecia areata. Male pattern baldness Another form of hair loss, male pattern baldness, or androgenic alopecia, can potentially be eased by applying a raspberry ketone solution to the scalp, in the same way as patchy hair loss.

Do raspberry k etones help you lose weight? Guide to weight loss pills and supplements. What are the side effects of raspberry ketone? Shop Raspberry Ketones. The advice in this article is for information only and should not replace medical care.

Please check with your GP or healthcare professional before trying any supplements, treatments or remedies. Food supplements must not be used as a substitute for a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. Last updated : 11 May Bhupesh started his career as a Clinical Toxicologist for Public Health England, advising healthcare professionals all around the country on how to manage clinical cases of adverse exposure to supplements, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, industrial chemicals and agricultural products.

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Find out more. Low levels of adiponectin in the body are more common among people who are obese, and those with type 2 diabetes. A study presented at the Experimental Biology conference found that mice that were fed a high-fat diet gained less weight if they were also fed raspberry ketone along with ellagic acid, another molecule found in raspberries.

That study also found that raspberry ketone altered the expression of genes in the liver in a manner that appeared favorable to the mice's health.

However, a study conducted by researchers in Denmark suggested that raspberry ketone itself may not reduce body fat levels. But the raspberry ketone-fed mice also didn't eat as much food as mice that weren't fed this molecule, and the researchers concluded that raspberry ketone did not reduce fat levels beyond what would be expected from a lower calorie diet.

Preliminary research has also found that raspberry ketone — when applied directly on the skin — could help combat signs of aging. Research in mice, and on cells growing in lab dishes, often inspires more research. But for results that can be trusted, doctors look for many human trials of a chemical, with many participants.

Overall, the U. Department of Defense Human Performance Resource Center deems the weight loss evidence on raspberry ketone as "insufficient.

The U. Food and Drug Administration first categorized raspberry ketones as a "Generally Recognized as Safe" GRAS food additive in the s. However GRAS status is given under the assumption that a person will consume less than two milligrams of raspberry ketone a day.

Most weight loss supplements pack far more raspberry ketone into their products. Raspberry ketone is not well studied at concentrations used in supplements — which can range from 50 to milligram per serving.

And there are some known side effects from their use. So, people taking drugs for diabetes should be monitored closely by their healthcare team. Raspberry ketone may also cause changes in body fat and weight, changes in inflammation, heart palpitations and shakiness. Raspberry ketone may also interact with medicines, such as those that regulate heart rate and cholesterol, and hormones.

In a study , published in the journal Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, researchers in Denmark used a model to look at the potential effects of raspberry ketone on the human body.

Their findings suggested that raspberry ketone could have potentially toxic effects on the heart, as well as effects on the reproductive system. No changes in systemic hemodynamics, clinical blood chemistries, adverse events, or dietary intake were noted between groups.

METABO administration is a safe and effective adjunct to an eight-week diet and exercise weight loss program by augmenting improvements in body composition, waist and hip girth. Adherence to the eight-week weight loss program also led to beneficial changes in body fat in placebo.

Ongoing studies to confirm these results and clarify the mechanisms i. Obesity, particularly central adiposity, has been increasingly cited as a major health issue in recent decades.

Indeed, some of the leading causes of preventable death and disability, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, degenerative joint disease, low back pain, and specific types of cancer are obesity-related[ 1 ]. In the United States, more than one-third of adults Excess body weight is also a major risk factor for the development of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome is a constellation of medical disorders including hypertension, central adiposity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia[ 4 , 5 ] that increase the risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Adipocytokines including leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, resistin, visfatin, retinol binding protein-4, angiotensinogen and adiponectin are signaling cytokines produced by adipose tissue.

Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ producing adipocytokines to regulate insulin signaling, vascular tone, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response.

Dysregulation of certain adipocytokines can contribute to insulin resistance, amplified systemic inflammation and lead to the development of Metabolic Syndrome and hypertension[ 6 ].

For example, plasma levels of adiponectin have been reported to be significantly reduced in obese humans[ 7 ] and in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and metabolic syndrome[ 8 — 11 ]. Alternative methods to aid weight loss include meal replacement preparations, and nutritional supplements such as vitamins, mineral, and botanicals.

Raspberry ketone is an ingredient found in raspberries Rubus idaeus that may have weight loss potential given preliminary findings in rodents and cell cultures, i. prevention of weight gain during a high-fat diet, and enhanced norepinephrine-lipolysis, increased adiponectin expression, and translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase in adipocytes[ 12 , 13 ].

To date, however, the effects of raspberry ketone in humans remain unexplored. In humans, oral ingestion of certain capsaicinoids, active component of chilli peppers from the genus Capsicum has been shown to increase energy expenditure, lipolysis and fat oxidation[ 15 ], activate brown adipose tissue[ 16 ] and stimulate the systemic release of norepinephrine[ 15 , 17 ].

Bioactive compounds found in the rhizomes of ginger Zingiber officinale and garlic Allium sativum extracts have been shown to influence many key features of the metabolic syndrome by modulating adipocytokine secretion from adipose tissue, reducing body fat accumulation, decreasing circulating insulin and markers of systemic inflammation in murine and cell culture models, with similar findings emerging from studies in humans[ 18 — 21 ].

Extracts of Citrus aurantium, standardized for p-synephrine and other bioactive amines have been shown to increase resting metabolic rate and enhance weight loss in human clinical trials[ 22 ]. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of METABO as an adjunct to an 8-week weight loss program.

Primary endpoints included determination of the effect of this product on body composition and various anthropometric measures. Secondary endpoints included determination of safety information via measurement of systemic hemodynamics and standard clinical chemistry panels of sera and plasma.

Subjects were excluded if they had used weight-loss supplements within the 30 days prior to the start of the study, had gained or lost more than 4.

Subjects were also excluded if they had metabolic disorders, heart disease, hypertension, a known allergy to any ingredients in the supplement or placebo or had smoked cigarettes in the last six months.

Prior to being enrolled in the study, all subjects underwent a physical examination by a licensed physician, lead electrocardiogram, health history screen and provided written informed consent. This study utilized a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind design.

Subjects were matched according to sex and BMI prior to being randomized into placebo or METABO groups. Capsules were produced in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practices cGMP in a United States Food and Drug Administration FDA registered facility.

Prior to production, all raw materials were tested for purity and potency. The study intervention included an 8-week diet and exercise program consisting of recreationally active men and women, randomly assigned to receive either a placebo or the manufacturer recommended dosage of their respective supplement two capsules with breakfast and two capsules with lunch.

Jeor equation[ 23 ] x an activity factor of 1. Each subject was given seven days of menus based off their daily allowance for calories. Each study participant was contacted on a weekly basis to assess compliance to diet and supplement protocol.

Every training session was supervised by a certified fitness professional and conducted at a single local facility to verify participation, and all subjects trained as one group.

The fitness professional used a participant attendance log to monitor training compliance. All subjects had measurements of their weight, BMI, waist and hip girths, body fat and lean mass taken at week 0 baseline , week 4 midpoint of the study and week 8 end of the study.

A member of the research staff contacted all subjects on a weekly basis to ensure compliance to the supplementation protocol, and pill counts were performed during mid and post testing.

Blood samples were drawn at week 0 and week 8 for standard assessment of clinical laboratory parameters i. comprehensive metabolic panel, lipid panel and at weeks 0, 4 and 8 for serum concentrations of adipocytokines adiponectin, resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α TNF-α and interleukin-6 IL Vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate, were also recorded at weeks 0, 4 and 8.

All measurements were completed by the same researcher to minimize between-trial variation. Energy levels and food craving data were analyzed using a whole unit Likert-type scale[ 24 ]. All energy levels and food craving data were collected at weeks 0, 4 and 8.

All blood samples were taken in the morning at approximately the same time of day i. One aliquot was immediately analyzed for a item clinical chemistry profile Hitachi D, Roche Diagnostics, Germany by a certified clinical laboratory. This profile consisted of a comprehensive metabolic panel glucose, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide, calcium, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, AST [SGOT], and ALT [SGPT] as well as a lipid profile total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C, triacylglycerols [TAG].

The second aliquot was stored at °C until later batch analysis for serum adipokines adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6 via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adipokines were analyzed using a MAGPIX® Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX and customized commercially available magnetic bead panels Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA.

Prior to each assay, the MAGPIX was calibrated using the MAGPIX Calibration Kit Millipore catalog and performance verified using the MAGPIX Performance Verification Kit Millipore catalog Each assay was run in one batch, therefore no inter-assay CV was determined.

Lean mass, percent body fat and trunk limb fat ratios were assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry DEXA, GE Lunar, DPX Pro. All DEXA scans were performed by the same technician and analyzed via current manufacturer software enCORE version Female subjects were measured during the early follicular phase of their menstrual cycle, based on reported last menstrual period, to minimize effects of menstrual hormonal changes on dependent variables.

DEXA segments for the arms, legs, and trunk were subsequently obtained using standard anatomical landmarks. Percent fat was calculated by dividing fat mass by the total scanned mass.

Quality control calibration procedures were performed prior to all scans using a calibration block provided by the manufacturer. Prior to this study, we determined test-retest reliability for repeated measurements of lean mass, bone mineral content, and fat mass with this DEXA via intra-class correlation coefficients[ 25 ].

Waist girth defined as the narrowest part of the trunk between the bottom of the rib cage and the top of the pelvis and hip girth defined as the largest laterally projecting prominence of the pelvis or pelvic region from the waist to the thigh were measured in duplicate using standardized anthropometric procedures[ 26 ].

Seated, resting heart rate and blood pressure were measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer Omron HEM A baseline 3-d food record was completed for each subject after screening and enrollment, prior to randomization and intervention.

To verify dietary compliance, subjects completed 3-d food records which included two weekdays and one weekend day during baseline testing, week 4, and week 8. All food records were analyzed by a state-licensed, registered dietitian using commercially available software NutriBase IV Clinical Edition, AZ.

To enhance accuracy of the food records, all subjects received instruction during baseline testing on how to accurately estimate portion sizes. This counseling was reinforced during each visit to the laboratory.

No other dietary supplements were allowed with the exception of standard strength multivitamins. Safety and tolerability of the supplements were assessed through adverse event reports that were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities MedDRA.

Differences between groups from baseline to week 4 and baseline to week 8 were analyzed using analysis of covariance ANCOVA with the baseline scores employed as the covariate.

All analyses were verified to meet the homogeneity of regression assumption parallelism of ANCOVA. Non-normally distributed variables were log-transformed before analysis. For descriptive purposes, raw values as well as the change scores week 4 minus baseline, week 8 minus baseline of all dependent variables are displayed.

Statistical significance was accepted when the probability of a type 1 error was less than or equal to 0. Data were analyzed using statistical software written using LabVIEW National Instruments, Austin TX programming software.

However, a goal of 70 total subjects were be enrolled due to higher expected attrition from a study involving multiple independent variables including a prescribed diet, regular exercise, and supplement intervention.

Of the 70 subjects initially recruited, 25 were lost due to attrition i. Statistically significant decreases were observed from week 0 to week 8 for subjects who received METABO versus those who received placebo in body weight From week 0 to week 4 the mean differences in decreased waist girths for the subjects who received METABO versus those who received placebo were Similarly, the mean differences in decreased hip girths for the subjects who received METABO versus those who received placebo were The mean target daily dietary intake calculated using the Mifflin-St.

Jeor equation x 1. No differences were observed in energy consumption, or in absolute or relative amounts of dietary carbohydrate, protein or fat between METABO and placebo.

Subjects who received METABO also exhibited a statistically significant decrease in relative fats cravings compared to the placebo group No statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed for sweet, fast food fats, carbohydrates or healthy food cravings.

No serious adverse events occurred during this study and analyses of standard clinical chemistry panels of serum and plasma revealed no statistically significant abnormalities of clinical importance. There were no significant between group effects for any cardiovascular variable during the 8-week trial, and the changes within groups were modest and non-significant.

For resting systolic blood pressure, the placebo group went from Similarly, for resting diastolic blood pressure the placebo group dropped from For resting heart rate, the placebo group went from The incidence of non-serious adverse events e. were transient and similar, with no significant differences between placebo and METABO.

The results from this study demonstrate that as an adjunct to an 8-week diet and weight loss program, administration of METABO significantly decreases body weight, body fat mass, waist and hip girth, while increasing lean mass compared to the placebo.

Although a restricted diet can lead to weight loss, it is often accompanied by a loss of lean tissue[ 28 — 30 ], which can have deleterious metabolic consequences. Because of this, it is important to achieve weight loss with a high ratio of fat to lean mass loss that is essential for both short-term efficacy and long-term metabolic health and body weight maintenance[ 31 , 32 ].

In this study, overweight subjects who received METABO achieved significantly greater improvements in their lean mass-to-fat mass ratio. Future studies should follow subjects during a washout period to determine if this effect helps maintain long-term weight control i.

minimize weight re-gain. Additionally, a future investigation should include a METABO only group with dietary control and no structured exercise program to explore the role of diet with METABO alone on body composition and metabolic outcomes. Future studies may attempt to explore this observation further with studies designed to look for differences in these important metabolic and biochemical markers as primary outcome measures.

Another important finding in our study relates to the observed differences in adipokine concentrations in the METABO group, although most of these did not achieve statistical significance.

For example, we observed a trend for decreased serum resistin concentrations in subjects who received METABO compared to placebo at week 4, but not week 8.

High serum resistin concentrations have been found in obese individuals and have been linked to insulin resistance, hence the trend for decreased resistin levels in METABO is an intriguing finding that requires further investigation in a future study[ 33 ].

The current study may have been underpowered to detect significant differences in serum adiponectin, given that fat loss occurred in both groups as a result of caloric restriction and a consistent exercise program. In addition, trends for maintaining elevated serum leptin from week 0 to week 4 were observed in subjects who received METABO compared to placebo.

Leptin acts on receptors in the hypothalamus to regulate appetite, energy expenditure, sympathetic tone and neuroendocrine function, and circulating levels have been shown to decline in response to caloric restriction or negative energy balance[ 34 ]. Leptin deficiency has been shown to promote hunger and food seeking behaviour, in addition to reduced metabolic rate in humans[ 35 ].

Collectively, the trend for resistin and significant change in leptin may help to partly explain the effects of METABO on body composition. The combination of ingredients with potentially complementary and interactive mechanisms of action may account for the favorable changes observed in many of the clinical endpoints in the METABO group.

Razberi-K® contains Raspberry ketone 4- 4-hydroxyphenyl butanone , which is a naturally occurring phenolic compound in red raspberry Rubus ideas that has been shown to enhance norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in adipocytes, prevent high-fat diet-induced body weight gain in mice, and increase adiponectin gene expression and secretion in adipocytes in culture[ 12 , 13 ].

Moreover, Wang et al. demonstrated anti-inflammatory benefits, improved antioxidant capacity, and enhanced leptin and insulin sensitivity in Sprague-Dawly rats using a high-fat diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis NASH model[ 36 ].

From the limited preclinical literature, it appears that raspberry ketones require norepinephrine for maximizing their hormone-sensitive lipolytic action. Capsimax® is a concentrated capsicum extract found in an encapsulated beadlet form to decrease gastric irritation.

Advantra Z® is an ingredient extracted from the Citrus aurantium traditional Chinese herb known as zhi-shi and standardized for the bioactive alkaloid p-synephrine. Other alkaloids are present in the extract including: octopamine, hordenine, and n-methyltyramine.

Taken together, the bioactive amines found in Advantra Z® have been shown to increase thermogenesis, and there is cell and tissue culture evidence to suggest lipolysis is accelerated via a β3 adrenergic receptor pathway[ 40 ].

A recent systematic review of human clinical studies involving Citrus aurantium with its primary p-synephrine alkaloid alone or in combination with other ingredients revealed reliable increases in resting metabolic rate of between 2.

Caffeine is regarded as one of the most commonly consumed methylxanthine alkaloids known to act as an adenosine receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

As such, the presence of caffeine may have contributed to amplifying the beta-adrenergic and lipolytic effects of the METABO formulation.

Despite being on a calorie-reduced diet, subjects in this study reported feeling improved energy and decrease in cravings for energy-dense, fatty foods.

What amd Raspberry Optimizing training performance through nutrition Raspberry ketone is a dietary supplement made from Age-defying solutions natural compound found in raspberries. It is believed to help with weight reductoin, Raspberry ketones and inflammation reduction metabolism, and reduce fat storage. Please Note: The articles on this database are automatically generated by our AI system. While we strive for accuracy, these articles may not contain verified information and should be used for informational purposes only. We recommend consulting verified sources or experts for accurate and reliable information.