Furthermore, to our knowledge, its antiarthritic efficacy has never been evaluated. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of piperine were tested in IL1β-stimulated rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Its antiarthritic efficacy was evaluated in animal models of experimental arthritis. All in vitro experiments were carried out with fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis RA.

After obtaining informed consent, synovial tissues were collected from RA patients. They met the American College of Rheumatology ACR criteria for the diagnosis of RA and had been treated with non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs DMARDs and were underwent therapeutic joint surgery.

After the cells had grown to confluence, they were split at a ratio. FLS passages 3 to 6 from three patients were used for all experiments. Piperine, prednisolone, corn oil and carrageenan were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Korea Young-In, Korea.

Celecoxib was purchased in the form of the commercial drug, Celebrex capsules; Pfizer Korea, Seoul, Korea. FLSs 2. Cells were incubated with serum-free media for 2 h and new serum-free media was replaced just prior to the addition of piperine and cultured for 24 h.

Supernatants were collected for ELISA and the cells were used for semiquantitative RT-PCR. Trizol was used to extract total RNA from the cells. Complementary DNA was synthesized from 1 μg of total RNA in a 20 μl reverse transcription reaction mixture.

For semiquantitative PCR, aliquots of cDNA were amplified in a 25 μl PCR mixture according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer TaKaRa Bio, Kyoto, Japan , as described previously [ 13 ].

The PCR conditions for the MMPs, IL6, and COX-2 were as follows: 30 to 33 cycles of 95°C for 45 s, 55 to 60°C for 45 s, and 72°C for 45 s. PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis on 1. Synovial cells 2. Conditioned media was collected 24 h later. For mRNA analysis, the cells were lysed and total RNA was extracted.

The mRNA levels of IL6 and COX-2 were measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. The COX-2 protein expression was measured by western blot.

Three independent experiments were performed in duplicate. Each experiment was performed using synovial cells from different patients. Subsequently, the cells were washed twice in phosphate-buffered saline PBS and treated with lysis buffer and the extraction of transcription factors from the nucleus was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol Active Motif, Seoul, Korea.

FLSs cultured 2. The cells were subsequently washed twice in PBS and treated with 50 μl of lysis buffer 20 mM Tris-Cl pH 8. The blots were developed using the ECL method Amersham. The rats were killed after 9 days of carrageenan and control treatments.

Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the degree of immune cells infiltration into the joints. The degree of inflammation was evaluated on a scale from 0 to 5 by three different pathologists that had been blinded to the treatments.

Sprague-Dawley 5-week-old to 6-week-old male rats, purchased from SLC Shizuoka, Japan , were used in this study.

They were adapted for at least 1 week prior to the start of the experiment. All subjects were habituated to the behavioral test chambers and handled with special care to minimize stress. All methods were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kyung Hee University.

All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals , published by the Korean National Institute of Health. After 3 hr of the injection, the pain threshold was measured using a paw pressure analgesia instrument UGO-BASIL Biological Research Apparatus, Comerio-Varese, Italy for the Randall-Selitto test paw.

A total of 10 rats were studied per group and the test was performed blind. Piperine dissolved in corn oil was fed orally 1 h before carrageenan injection.

To evaluate paw hyperalgesia, we measured the tolerance to increasing mild pressure on the affected paw between a flat surface and a blunt pointer of the instrument, as manufacturer's protocols.

The carrageenan-induced arthritic rat model was prepared as described previously [ 15 ]. To evaluate the arthritic progression of carrageenan-induced arthritis in the rat, three different parameters were measured: paw volume, squeaking score in the ankle flexion test, and weight distribution ratio WDR.

These were considered behavioral indicators of carrageenan-induced arthritis and checked daily for 9 days. With progression of arthritis, redness and swelling of the ankle joints and arthritic pain started to appear and reached a maximum on day 1 after the carrageenan injection.

At that time, piperine and prednisolone dissolved in corn oil was administrated orally once a day for 8 days. The paw volumes were measured using a digital plethysmometer UGO-BASIL Biological Research Apparatus , as described by Kwon et al. Paw volumes were expressed as relative values to that of day 0 when carrageenen was injected.

The ankle flexion test involved gentle flexion and extension of the carrageenan-injected ipsilateral hind limb, as described by Kwon et al. This elicited vocalizations squeaking that were scored on a scale squeaking score as a measure of hyperalgesia.

The procedure of flexion and extension were repeated 10 times in every 5 s and the rating of 0 null or 1 vocalization was given to each hind limb. This test was performed only once a day in each animal.

The WDR is a ratio of the percentage of weight carried on each hind leg in which the weight-bearing forces of both hind limbs were measured with an incapacitance meter UGO-BASIL Biological Research Apparatus , as previously described by Hwang et al.

To evaluate arthritic pain, the rat was placed in the test box of an incapacitance meter in which a slanted plank is located. The bearing force of each hind limb was quantified by two mechanotransducers, separately placed below the two hind limbs: one is normal and the other is the arthritic limb.

The bearing force of each hind limb was estimated as a 5-s average, and the mean bearing force was calculated from four separate estimations. As the pain and swelling of the ankle progressed due to induction of arthritis, the balance of weight was disrupted, resulting in a reduction of the WDR in the arthritic leg.

All behavioral tests were performed blinded. The in vitro experimental data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean SEM of three independent experiments.

The in vivo experimental data are presented as the mean ± SEM. The differences between groups were assessed by repeated analysis of variance ANOVA , followed by the Tukey "honestly significantly different" HSD post hoc analysis.

The addition of IL1β significantly increased the production of IL6 and PGE 2 compared to that of controls no IL1β. The addition of piperine greatly inhibited the IL6 and PGE 2 response to IL1β in dose-dependent manner Figure 1. Piperine also inhibited both the protein and mRNA expression levels of IL6 and COX In particular, piperine inhibited the production of PGE 2 more potently than the production of IL6.

Interestingly, piperine inhibited the expression of the COX-2 protein more significantly than the COX-2 mRNA. Effect of piperine on the production of proinflammatory mediators.

a ELISA results show that piperine inhibited the production of interleukin IL 6 and prostaglandin E 2 PGE 2 in IL1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes FLSs in a dose-dependent manner.

b Piperine effects on IL6 and cyclo-oxygenase COX -2 mRNA expression measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR. c Piperine effects on COX-2 protein expression measured by western blot. Experiments were performed with synovial cells derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Values are expressed ± standard error of the mea SEM. Next, we tested whether piperine inhibited the expression of the extracellular matrix degradation enzymes MMPs.

MMP1 and MMP13 play an important role in degrading cartilage in IL1β-stimulated FLSs. We found that piperine inhibited MMP13 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels, but not MMP1 Figure 2.

To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying piperine inhibition of IL6, COX-2 and MMP expression, we investigated the MAP kinase and IκB kinase signaling pathways by western blot Figure 3a. In addition, piperine reduced the level of AP-1 that migrated to the nucleus in response to IL1β in a dose dependent manner, but did affect the levels of NFκB in nucleus Figure 3b.

Effect of piperine on the production of extracelluar matrix degradation enzymes matrix metalloproteinases MMPs. a ELISA results show that piperine inhibited the production of MMP13, but not MMP1 proteins, in interleukin IL 1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes FLSs in a dose dependent manner.

b mRNA levels were measured by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Values are expressed ± standard error of the mean SEM. Effects of piperine on signaling pathways and transnuclear migration.

a Interleukin IL 1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes FLSs treated with piperine were analyzed by western blot. b The nuclear levels of nuclear factor NF κB and activator protein 1 AP-1 were measured by ELISA detecting p65 and c-FOS from nuclear extracts, respectively, on an ELISA.

Piperine inhibited the level of AP-1 in the nucleus, but not NFκB levels. Because piperine significantly inhibited the production of PGE 2 and the protein levels of COX-2, we tested whether piperine had antinociceptive effects in a rat model of carrageenan-induced paw hyperalgesia.

We found in paw pressure tests that rats treated with piperine could tolerate higher pressures on the affected paw Figure 4a. Analgesic and antiarthritic effects of piperine in rat models of paw edema and arthritic ankle.

a Piperine showed analgesic effects in carrageenan-induced paw edema. The y axis indicated the pressure g that was tolerated before the rat exhibited signs of pain. The results indicated that piperine had antiarthritic effects. To demonstrate the in vivo antiarthritic effect of piperine, the efficacy of piperine was tested in a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis.

The vocalizations caused by flexion or extension of the inflamed ankle reached a maximum point on day 1 after the carrageenan injection and was sustained at a maximum level in untreated rats through the end of the experiment Figure 4c.

The degree of inflammation in five specimens was evaluated by three different pathologists. The scores indicated that piperine significantly reduced the inflammation induced by carrageenan Figure 5b.

Histological evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of piperine. Each photo is representative of five specimens for each group original magnification × The insets are enlargements of the regions outlined in black, and show the infiltrates at a magnification of × b The degree of inflammation was evaluated on a scale from 0 to 5 by three pathologists that were blinded to the treatments.

Anti-inflammatory drugs used for treating chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis are typically prescribed long term to properly control the disordered immune system. Thus, there is a strong need to develop safe and effective drugs for the long-term use.

For example, curcumin in particular may interfere with medications like antidepressants , antibiotics, antihistamines , anticoagulants , cardiac medications , diabetes medications that lower blood pressure , and chemotherapy treatments, according to a review published September in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

RELATED: Can Too Much Turmeric Pose Side Effects? Your best bet is to get turmeric in smaller doses. One of the easiest ways to get a feel for the taste of turmeric and black pepper is to blend the two into a latte, and this tasty drink is a snap to make.

In addition to turmeric and black pepper, it also incorporates ginger , cayenne, cinnamon, honey , and vanilla for maximum spice and flavor. Get the recipe at FrontierCoop. Add turmeric and black pepper to oven-scrambled eggs for a new twist on a breakfast classic.

The two spices kick up the flavor a notch — without adding unnecessary fat, salt, or sugar. Plus, you can make a whole dish of these bright yellow eggs ahead of time and be set for days. Get the recipe at CotterCrunch.

Shake up your usual salad dressing by blending together turmeric and black pepper. This anti-inflammatory dressing also incorporates tahini and lemon juice for a zesty kick. It also works great as a sauce or dip. Get the recipe at EatingBirdFood. RELATED: 8 Flavor-Packed Turmeric Tea Recipes to Try.

Turmeric and black pepper are powerful, flavorful spices on their own. Both offer anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, which may help ease or prevent inflammatory conditions and lessen free-radical damage.

Powdered clove works well in baked goods and in some savory dishes, like hearty soups and stews. You can also use whole cloves to infuse both flavor and nutrition into hot drinks like tea or cider.

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Some foods can drive inflammation and raise your risk of chronic disease.

Here are 5 foods that increase inflammation in the body. Turmeric is a traditional Indian spice with a powerful compound called curcumin. Here are the top 10 health benefits of turmeric and curcumin.

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Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Turmeric and Other Anti-Inflammatory Spices. Medically reviewed by George Krucik, MD, MBA — By Mary Ellen Ellis — Updated on May 30, Turmeric Ginger Cinnamon Garlic Cayenne Black pepper Clove Anti-inflammatory spices like black pepper and turmeric may help reduce chronic inflammation and pain, though the evidence is mixed.

Black pepper. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations.

We avoid using tertiary references.

Furthermore, research conducted on animals and test tubes has shown that black pepper extract—whether taken as a supplement in the form of piperine or crushed black pepper—can successfully lower the damage caused by free radicals. Black pepper extract has the potential to be an antioxidant powerhouse; for instance, studies on rats given a high-fat diet plus black pepper extract showed noticeably fewer signs of free radical damage compared to mice on a high-fat diet alone.

Second, the anti-inflammatory qualities of black pepper extract are impressive. Numerous medical disorders, such as diabetes, heart disease, and arthritis, are caused by chronic inflammation. The main ingredient in black pepper extract, piperine, has demonstrated potential in the treatment of inflammation.

Studies on animals have shown that piperine efficiently reduces inflammation; rats with arthritis showed less edoema in their joints and less inflammatory markers. Furthermore, it has shown anti-inflammatory properties in tests on ailments like seasonal allergies and asthma. To determine its significance in treating inflammatory health disorders, more research is required.

Like any nutritional supplement, the right dosage for black pepper extract can differ from person to person based on their unique health, age, weight, and intended use. In general, black pepper extract is considered safe when utilised in normal amounts as a spice in food preparation.

It has long been a mainstay of the human diet. Many dietary supplements containing black pepper extract are designed to deliver a consistent dose of the active component, piperine. The product will determine how much is needed, thus it is crucial to refer to the directions and guidelines provided by the manufacturer.

It is important to follow suggested dosages for piperine because overindulging in large quantities may cause negative effects or problems with specific medications. Although piperine has shown promise for health benefits, consuming too much of it does not always make it better or increase its beneficial effects.

Furthermore, before incorporating a black pepper extract supplement into their diet, people with certain medical issues, expectant or nursing mothers, and those taking medication should speak with a healthcare expert. Glentworth Formulations is here to suit your every need. Everything from Tablets , Capsules and Powder blends.

If you are wanting to know more information, please get in contact with us. Either using the contact form or contacting us directly on: enquiries glentworthformulations. All rights reserved Copyright Glentworth Formulations.

REQUEST A QUOTE. Request a quote. Published October 30, UNVEILING THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT. Share this post:. WHAT IS BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT?

WHAT ARE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT? Rich in Antioxidants: Rich in piperine, a powerful antioxidant, black pepper extract provides strong protection against free radicals, which can arise from a variety of sources, including pollution and UV light.

Overexposure to free radical damage has been connected to serious health issues like cancer and heart disease as well as inflammation and early ageing. According to rodent research, supplements containing black pepper and piperine can effectively minimise free radical damage.

research even suggest that including antioxidants from black pepper in your diet could delay or avoid the negative effects of free radicals. May have anti-inflammatory properties: The primary ingredient in black pepper extract, piperine, has promising anti-inflammatory properties.

Why pair black pepper and turmeric? Because piperine helps your body absorb more curcumin, according to Dana Angelo White, RD, the owner of Dana White Nutrition in Fairfield, Connecticut. A study published in Planta Medica found that pairing 20 milligrams mg of piperine with 2 grams g of curcumin increased the amount of curcumin that could be absorbed by the body a concept known as bioavailability by 2, percent.

RELATED: Can Turmeric Help Prevent or Treat Type 2 Diabetes? The reason: The average portion of curcumin found in the amount of ground turmeric you would use in cooking is pretty minimal, according to the registered dietitian Elizabeth Ann Shaw, RDN, owner of Shaw Simple Swaps Consulting in San Diego.

In fact, ground turmeric contains only roughly 3 percent curcumin, according to the third-party supplement testing agency ConsumerLab. Turmeric and curcumin supplements, meanwhile, typically contain 95 percent curcumin and other curcuminoids, according to ConsumerLab.

To put that in more concrete numbers, a supplement with 0. Be choosy about your supplement, though. Cheap supplements may contain fillers like wheat, which could cause allergic reactions , Shaw warns.

Check with your healthcare provider before adding this or any other supplement to your routine. And of course, make sure the supplement includes black pepper or piperine on the ingredient list. Turmeric and curcumin supplements with piperine are generally safe, but some populations will have to be especially careful.

For example, curcumin in particular may interfere with medications like antidepressants , antibiotics, antihistamines , anticoagulants , cardiac medications , diabetes medications that lower blood pressure , and chemotherapy treatments, according to a review published September in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology.

RELATED: Can Too Much Turmeric Pose Side Effects? Your best bet is to get turmeric in smaller doses. One of the easiest ways to get a feel for the taste of turmeric and black pepper is to blend the two into a latte, and this tasty drink is a snap to make.

In addition to turmeric and black pepper, it also incorporates ginger , cayenne, cinnamon, honey , and vanilla for maximum spice and flavor. Get the recipe at FrontierCoop. Add turmeric and black pepper to oven-scrambled eggs for a new twist on a breakfast classic.

The two spices kick up the flavor a notch — without adding unnecessary fat, salt, or sugar. Plus, you can make a whole dish of these bright yellow eggs ahead of time and be set for days.

Get the recipe at CotterCrunch. Shake up your usual salad dressing by blending together turmeric and black pepper. This anti-inflammatory dressing also incorporates tahini and lemon juice for a zesty kick.

It also works great as a sauce or dip.

Although piperine has shown promise for health benefits, consuming too much of it does not always make it better or increase its beneficial effects.

Furthermore, before incorporating a black pepper extract supplement into their diet, people with certain medical issues, expectant or nursing mothers, and those taking medication should speak with a healthcare expert. Glentworth Formulations is here to suit your every need.

Everything from Tablets , Capsules and Powder blends. If you are wanting to know more information, please get in contact with us. Either using the contact form or contacting us directly on: enquiries glentworthformulations. All rights reserved Copyright Glentworth Formulations.

REQUEST A QUOTE. Request a quote. Published October 30, UNVEILING THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT. Share this post:. WHAT IS BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT? WHAT ARE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT? Rich in Antioxidants: Rich in piperine, a powerful antioxidant, black pepper extract provides strong protection against free radicals, which can arise from a variety of sources, including pollution and UV light.

Overexposure to free radical damage has been connected to serious health issues like cancer and heart disease as well as inflammation and early ageing.

According to rodent research, supplements containing black pepper and piperine can effectively minimise free radical damage. research even suggest that including antioxidants from black pepper in your diet could delay or avoid the negative effects of free radicals.

May have anti-inflammatory properties: The primary ingredient in black pepper extract, piperine, has promising anti-inflammatory properties. Numerous medical disorders, including heart disease and arthritis, are caused by chronic inflammation.

Studies conducted in experimental settings have shown that piperine has the ability to reduce inflammation. When treated with piperine, rats suffering from arthritis showed less inflammatory markers and less swelling in their joints.

Furthermore, in animal models of ailments like seasonal allergies and asthma, piperine has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. May enhance brain health: Piperine, has been shown in animal tests to have potential benefits for brain function.

HOW DOES BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT WORK IN HUMAN BODY? HOW MUCH BLACK PEPPER CAN A PERSON TAKE? Subscribe to our monthly newsletter for Members Only intel!

Bulk Packaged Market Insights. Explore more. FENUGREEK EXTRACT: A POTENT HEALTH-BOOSTING HERB Read More ». February 12, EUPHORIA LONGANA: A POTENTIAL HEALTH-BOOSTING FRUIT Read More ».

ECKLONIA CAVA EXTRACT: A POTENTIAL HEALTH-BOOSTING ALGAE Read More ». What is black pepper extract used for? Piperine has a number of potential health benefits, including bio-enhancement, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-depression and antimicrobial, activities and properties which help to control cognitive conditions, diabetes , obesity and other chronic ailments x.

Always consult your healthcare provider for diagnoses, accurate medical information and permission before taking any supplements. Sometimes, the liver allows complete excretion of these substances, leaving the body deficient and vulnerable to diseases.

Thoughts are this process could also benefit people suffering from malnutrition or nutrient-absorption issues x , x , x , x. Like black pepper, turmeric is indigenous to India. The rhizome root turns a rich, deep yellow color when dried, that is usually imparted to food or anything it encounters x.

Research suggests its nutrients offer an array of human health benefits such as antioxidant , anti-inflammatory and anticancer. Research also indicates that when turmeric is teamed with black pepper extract, its health benefits increases. The black pepper extract helps turmeric to move directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the liver, which can make it water-soluble for easy passage out of the body, preventing us from receiving its great benefits x , x , x.

Curcumin and its derivatives, sometimes labeled as turmeric, are some of the main phenolic compounds in turmeric. They give the dried rhizome its color and flavor. Studies indicate that they may also be the reason for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and immune-enhancing properties x.

Our digestive system seems incapable of absorbing curcumin well. Can black pepper extract help our immune system? The function of our immune system is to protect our bodies from foreign entities such as viruses and bacteria.

But as every other system or organ, it can malfunction. The cause may be illness, injury, gene defect or environmental factors. Chronic inflammation creates health issues. One of the main symptoms of arthritis , particularly rheumatoid arthritis , is inflammation.

A study conducted on rheumatoid-induced rats suggested that black pepper extract prevented painful and inflammatory conditions. The animals were given oral doses of piperine for eight days.

At the end of this trial period, they showed marked improvement x. Other studies have produced similar results x. Black pepper extract or piperine has also been used in research on ulcerative colitis.

The condition refers to inflammation and ulcer of the colon and rectum. It is also known as inflammatory bowel disease IBD.

IBD-induced rats that were fed piperine showed that its anti-inflammatory property may be an effective form of treatment x.

Can black pepper extract inhibit the growth of cancer cells? Research show it can. Its antioxidant and antimutagenic abilities seem capable of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. Studies indicate that piperine can prevent lung cancer from metastasizing, inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells in mice and block the production of new blood cells or angiogenesis induced by breast cancer cells x , x.

Studies conducted on rats, mice and humans reveal that black pepper extract may increase the neuro activity of serotonin and dopamine, two chemicals or neurotransmitters that involved in controlling our moods, including depression and anxiety.

Black pepper extract has the potential to increase brain function, including concentration and memory due to its antioxidative nature. Properties of black pepper extract seems able to control blood glucose and cholesterol levels, which is good news for diabetics.

When the effects of black pepper extract on diabetic-induced albino mice were studied, low piperine dosages seemed to significantly decrease their blood sugar levels, whereas high doses did the opposite x.

Other rodent studies suggests that piperine may enhance the bioavailability of medicines used to regulate blood glucose levels x.

Human studies on patients with type 2 diabetes also showed decrease in levels, including the group given piperine in combination with curcumin x.

When rats were given a high-fat diet in one study, those that received black pepper extract in combination, showed a decrease in their blood cholesterol levels, especially the bad LDL cholesterol x. The results not only offers help to diabetics, but also to individuals with obesity and heart disease issues, which are often intertwined with type 2 diabetes x.

How can black pepper extract help obesity? The capsaicin compound in hot peppers causes the body to heat up and increase metabolism. The black pepper extract piperine magnifies those actions x , x.