Your body undergoes many changes during pregnancy, which make you more vulnerable to injury and pain. To learn about these changes, read "Injury Prevention in Pregnancy Part I: An Introduction".

You're always advised to check with your doctor before beginning or continuing an exercise program once pregnant. As stated by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ACOG , you should not exercise if you have any of the following complications: pregnancy-induced hypertension, ruptured membranes, premature labor, persistent bleeding after 12 weeks, a cervix that dilates ahead of schedule incompetent cervix , poor fetal growth, multiple birth pregnancy, placental disease, or a history of three or more miscarriages or premature labor.

If none of these apply to you, and your doctor gives you the "OK," then the ACOG suggests aiming for 30 minutes or more of moderate exercise each day, on most days of the week. To prevent injuries that pregnant women are vulnerable to, be sure to include a proper warm up, a cool down with stretching, strength training, and cardiovascular work.

Kegel and abdominal exercises will round out a program nicely. To understand each component's importance in injury prevention, we will discuss each individually. Warm-up The primary focus of a proper warm up is to prepare the body for exercise.

You should first walk or bike to get your blood flowing, and then begin a light range of motion routine. Start with your head, and work toward your feet to gradually loosen all of the joints: First do head rolls, then backward shoulder rolls, followed by backward arm circles always backward to counteract the forward posture of your head, shoulders, and chest.

Next, rotate your trunk and bend side to side, tilt your pelvis backward and forward, and do a few kegel contractions. Last, swing each leg from front to back and side to side, and finally lift your leg and make a circle with your foot.

Because of maternal physiologic changes, left lateral uterine displacement is required during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This is performed by tilting the whole maternal body 25 to 30 degrees Figure 2 15 , or by manual uterine displacement Figure 3 Manual uterine displacement may allow for more effective chest compressions because it avoids the need to facilitate a total body tilt.

Perimortem cesarean delivery may save the life of the fetus when performed after 23 to 24 weeks' gestation. If the mother fails to respond to initial resuscitative efforts and the gestational age is greater than 20 weeks, personnel and equipment should be assembled for emergency hysterotomy.

This will allow simultaneous continuation of resuscitative efforts and preparation for the cesarean delivery. Is the mother receiving appropriate basic life support and advanced cardiac life support care, including:. Survival probabilities for the mother and fetus decrease as the interval from maternal arrest increases.

Physicians should aim for an interval of five minutes or less from maternal arrest to delivery of the fetus. This goal requires efficient assembly of personnel and equipment. Physicians should not wait until five minutes of unsuccessful resuscitation have passed before beginning to consider the need to deliver the fetus emergently.

The need for hysterotomy should be considered within minutes to enable assembly of personnel and equipment. Physicians should ensure that the mother has received superior resuscitative efforts. Recognition of gestational age is critically important. Survival is unlikely for the infant born at a gestational age less than approximately 23 to 24 weeks and a birth weight less than g 1 lb, 2 oz.

Do not lose sight of the goal of this dramatic event: a live, neurologically intact infant and mother. The potential for reasonable outcome should be carefully considered before pushing the margins of survivability.

Even if the fetus is unlikely to survive gestational age of 20 to 23 weeks , the mother may benefit from emergency hysterotomy. Are skilled neonatal or pediatric support personnel available to care for the infant, especially if it is not full term?

In both in-hospital and out-of-hospital settings, is there adequate staff and equipment support? In out-of-hospital settings, is bystander support available? Consider whether persistent arrest is because of an immediately reversible problem e.

If it is, the problem should be corrected, and there may be no need for hysterotomy. Consider whether persistent arrest is because of a fatal, untreatable problem e. If it is, an immediate hysterotomy may save the fetus. This also raises the problem of quickly reversible issues improperly mixed medication [e.

If the cause is reversible or subacute, then timely management of problems may obviate the need for emergency hysterotomy. Seat belt use actually decreases during pregnancy, because women fear that the seat belt will hurt the fetus.

In blunt trauma, the most common cause of fetal death is maternal death. The lap belt should be placed as low as possible under the protuberant portion of the abdomen and the shoulder belt positioned off to the side of the uterus, between the breasts and over the midportion of the clavicle Figure 4.

Placement of the lap belt over the dome of the uterus significantly increases pressure transmission to the uterus and has been associated with significant uterine and fetal injury.

There should not be excessive slack in either belt, and both the lap and shoulder restraints should be applied as snugly as comfort will allow.

Air bag deployment reduces injury to pregnant women and does not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Direct assault on the abdomen may occur in the setting of IPV. As a result, ACOG and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend universal screening for IPV during pregnancy.

Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all women of childbearing age be screened for IPV. A patient who presents with a vague or inconsistent history of trauma should raise suspicion for battering.

The abdomen is the most common target for blows, kicks, and other assaults. Table 3 lists other historical elements and signs that may indicate IPV. Data Sources : Drawing on the literature search completed in October for the American Academy of Family Physicians' Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics Chapter K: Maternal Resuscitation, we searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, and PubMed utilizing the key words trauma, motor vehicle crashes, pregnancy, abruption, and perimortem cesarean delivery, both individually and in combination.

Search date: August 14, The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U. Army, Navy, or Air Force Medical Departments or the U. Army, Navy, Air Force, or Public Health Service.

The series is now coordinated by Larry Leeman, MD, MPH, ALSO Managing Editor, Albuquerque, N. Mirza FG, Devine PC, Gaddipati S. Trauma in pregnancy: a systematic approach. Am J Perinatol. El Kady D. Perinatal outcomes of traumatic injuries during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol.

Mendez-Figueroa H, Dahlke JD, Vrees RA, Rouse DJ. Trauma in pregnancy: an updated systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. El-Kady D, Gilbert WM, Anderson J, Danielsen B, Towner D, Smith LH.

Trauma during pregnancy: an analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes in a large population. Smith R, Crane P; Perinatal Joint Practice Committee.

Post-trauma care in pregnancy. University of Michigan. February Renewed January 24, Accessed November 29, Brown S, Mozurkewich E. Trauma during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. Muench MV, Canterino JC. Trauma in pregnancy. Pearlman MD, Tintinalli JE, Lorenz RP.

A prospective controlled study of outcome after trauma during pregnancy. Blunt trauma during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. Cronholm PF, Fogarty CT, Ambuel B, Harrison SL. Intimate partner violence. Am Fam Physician. American College of Surgeons. Trauma in pregnancy and intimate partner violence.

In: Advanced Trauma Life Support Student Course Manual. Chicago, Ill. Dahmus MA, Sibai BM. Blunt abdominal trauma: are there any predictive factors for abruptio placentae or maternal-fetal distress?.

Glantz C, Purnell L. Clinical utility of sonography in the diagnosis and treatment of placental abruption. J Ultrasound Med. Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics Provider Syllabus. Leawood, Kan. Jeejeebhoy FM, Zelop CM, Windrim R, Carvalho JC, Dorian P, Morrison LJ. Management of cardiac arrest in pregnancy: a systematic review.

Sinz E, Navarro K, Soderberg ES, Callaway CW; American Heart Association. Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support: Provider Manual. Dallas, Tex. Vanden Hoek TL, Morrison LJ, Shuster M, et al.

Part cardiac arrest in special situations: American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care [published corrections appear in Circulation. Katz VL, Dotters DJ, Droegemueller W.

Perimortem cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. Katz V, Balderston K, DeFreest M. Perimortem cesarean delivery: were our assumptions correct?. Ueland K, Akamatsu TJ, Eng M, Bonica JJ, Hansen JM. Maternal cardiovascular dynamics.

Cesarean section under epidural anesthesia without epinephrine. Einav S, Kaufman N, Sela HY. Maternal cardiac arrest and perimortem caesarean delivery: evidence or expert-based?. Weiss H. Causes of traumatic death during pregnancy [letter]. Weinberg L, Steele RG, Pugh R, Higgins S, Herbert M, Story D.

The pregnant trauma patient. Anaesth Intensive Care. Klinich KD, Flannagan CA, Rupp JD, Sochor M, Schneider LW, Pearlman MD. Fetal outcome in motor-vehicle crashes: effects of crash characteristics and maternal restraint.

Schiff MA, Mack CD, Kaufman RP, Holt VL, Grossman DC. The effect of air bags on pregnancy outcomes in Washington State: — American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Car safety for you and your baby. Accessed July 3, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

They just expand into specialized classes and videos for the expectant mother. With the growing knowledge that exercise is recommended for pregnant women, we can only hope the trend of positive effects continues to pour in. Recent studies suggest strength and conditioning gains during pregnancy may actually prevent the typical aches and pains associated with pregnancy.

Unfortunately, during pregnancy, changes that your body undergoes can place you at a higher risk for possible injury. Injuries can happen to anyone regardless of what shape they are in; but many are preventable through proper instruction and form.

In this article, we will discuss the typical injuries that can occur during pregnancy, and why they occur. Part II will explain ways to prevent them through exercise. You may be thinking, "I did not exercise before I got pregnant, so why should I now?

Related Content. Injury Prevention in Pregnancy - Part 1 Learn How to Stay Safe Share on Facebook Share on Pinterest Share by Email More Sharing Options Share on Twitter.

By Sara Hambidge, Physical Therapist. You're always advised to check with your doctor before beginning or continuing an exercise program once pregnant.

Also, be aware that certain pregnancy conditions and exercise do no t mix. Insemination for Infertility Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Infertility Infertility Treatment for Women With PCOS In Vitro Fertilization for Infertility Infertility: Setting Limits on Treatment Infertility: Questions to Ask About Medicine or Hormone Treatment Infertility: Questions to Ask About Assisted Reproductive Technology Infertility: Should I Have Treatment?

Insemination Procedures for Infertility Gamete and Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer for Infertility Varicocele Repair for Infertility Fallopian Tube Procedures for Infertility Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Luteinizing Hormone Progesterone Sperm Penetration Tests Infertility Concerns When Planning a Pregnancy Planning a Pregnancy After 35 Pregnancy Issues for Women Over Age 35 Basal Body Temperature BBT Charting.

Health Care for Pregnancy Planning Physical Activity When Planning a Pregnancy Smoking When You are Planning a Pregnancy Alcohol and Pregnancy Planning Preparing for a Healthy Pregnancy Diabetes: Planning for a Healthy Pregnancy Diabetes: Preparing for Pregnancy Pregnancy and Diabetes: Planning for Pregnancy Diabetes: Preparing for Pregnancy.

Abortion Vacuum Aspiration for Abortion Abortion: Emotional Recovery Medical Abortion Care Surgical Abortion Care.

Infertility: Thinking About Adoption. Healthcare Providers During Pregnancy Choosing Your Healthcare Providers Advice When Considering a Midwife or a Doctor Nurse-Family Partnership Register Your Pregnancy for Prenatal Care When to Call Your Healthcare Provider Getting Your Pregnancy Passport Healthy Start: Public Health Services Pregnancy: Choosing a Health Professional.

Dental Care During Pregnancy Healthy Sex During Pregnancy Posture and Back Care During Pregnancy Shortness of Breath During Pregnancy Using Prescription and Over-the-Counter Medications During Pregnancy Immunizations and Pregnancy Quick Tips: Healthy Pregnancy Habits Massage Therapy during Pregnancy Sex During Pregnancy Leg Cramps During Pregnancy Medicines During Pregnancy Swelling During Pregnancy Electronic Fetal Heart Monitoring Getting Help for Perinatal Depression Depression: Should I Take Antidepressants While I'm Pregnant?

Obesity and Pregnancy Pregnancy and Epilepsy Pregnancy and Chronic High Blood Pressure Schizophrenia and Pregnancy Depression During Pregnancy HELLP Syndrome and Pre-Eclampsia HIV and Pregnancy Cancer During Pregnancy Lupus and Pregnancy Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy Pregnancy-Related Problems.

Pregnancy Pregnancy: Varicose Veins Pregnancy: Hand Changes Sleep Problems During Pregnancy Emotional Changes During Pregnancy Breast Changes During Pregnancy Pregnancy: Hair Changes Pregnancy: Belly, Pelvic and Back Pain Pregnancy: Stretch Marks, Itching, and Skin Changes Pregnancy: Changes in Feet and Ankles Pregnancy: Vaginal Discharge and Leaking Fluid Interactive Tool: From Embryo to Baby in 9 Months.

Check-ups and Tests In the First Trimester Embryo and Fetal Development In the First Trimester Medical Care During the First Trimester Your First Trimester - Video Mothers' Physical Changes in the First Trimester Normal Pregnancy: First Trimester Week 8 of Pregnancy: What's Going On Inside Fetal development at 8 weeks of pregnancy Week 12 of Pregnancy: What's Going On Inside Fetal development at 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Check-ups and Tests in the Third Trimester Fetal Development in the Third Trimester Mothers' Physical Changes in the Third Trimester Prenatal Classes in the Third Trimester Video about Your Third Trimester Personal Support When You're Giving Birth Writing Your Birth Plan or Wishes Normal Pregnancy: Third Trimester Week 28 of Pregnancy: What's Going On Inside Fetal development at 28 weeks of pregnancy Week 32 of Pregnancy: What's Going On Inside Fetal development at 32 weeks of pregnancy Week 36 of Pregnancy: What's Going On Inside Fetal development at 36 weeks of pregnancy Week 40 of Pregnancy: What's Going On Inside Fetal development at 40 weeks of pregnancy Pregnancy: Dropping Lightening.

Molar Pregnancy Passing Tissue During Pregnancy Placenta Previa Polyhydramnios Pre-Eclampsia RH Factor Pregnancy Special Health Concerns During Pregnancy Subchorionic Hemorrhage Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy Vaginal Bleeding During Pregnancy.

Dealing with Cravings During Pregnancy Dietary Sources of Essential Nutrients During Pregnancy Exercising Safely During a Pregnancy Healthy Eating Guidelines for Food Safety During Pregnancy Healthy Eating Guidelines for Pregnancy Healthy Physical Activity During Pregnancy Healthy Vegetarian Eating During Pregnancy Nutrition During Pregnancy Pregnancy: Vegetarian Diet.

Changing Emotions for Partners Coping with Losing a Baby Depression and Anxiety During Pregnancy Domestic Abuse While You Are Pregnant How Support Teams Can Help During Pregnancy Partner Support during Pregnancy Pregnancy: Relationship Changes Stress While You Are Pregnant Tips for Pregnant Parents.

Foodborne Illness During Pregnancy Pregnancy and Seat Belt Use Pregnancy: Chemicals, Cosmetics, and Radiation Pregnancy: Work and School Issues Safe Travel During Pregnancy Safety and Injury Prevention Staying Safe at Work When You are Pregnant Travel during Pregnancy.

Alcohol Effects on a Fetus Alcohol or Drug Use During Pregnancy Drinking Alcohol When You're Pregnant Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Quitting Smoking and Avoiding Smoke during Pregnancy Smoking and Second Hand Smoke During Pregnancy Smoking: Problems with Pregnancy Using Drugs During Pregnancy.

Multiple Pregnancy: Should I Consider a Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction? Multiple Pregnancy: Twins or More Premature Delivery in Multiple Pregnancy Twin Pregnancy Types. Can Cloth Diapers Work for Your Familiy Child Car Seats Choosing and Installing a Car Seat Pregnancy: Should I Bank My Baby's Umbilical Cord Blood?

Preparing Siblings for Meeting your New Baby Umbilical Cord Blood Donation and Private Banking Understanding the Risks of Circumcision. Cervical Cerclage to Prevent Preterm Delivery First Stage of Labour - Early Phase First Stage of Labour Active Phase First Stage of Labour Transition Phase Information on Fourth Stage of Labour Information on Second Stage of Labour Information on Third Stage of Labour Preterm Labour and Short Cervix Preterm Labour Preterm Labour: Testing for Fetal Fibronectin Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes pPROM Telling Pre-Labour and True Labour Part.

Breathing Techniques for Childbirth Caesarean Birth - Overview and Facts Caesarean Section Cervical Effacement and Dilatation Cervical Insufficiency Childbirth: Epidurals Childbirth: Opioid Pain Medicines Childbirth: Pudendal and Paracervical Blocks Childbirth: Strep Infections During Delivery Comfort Positions Labour and Birth Epidural Anesthesia Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia Episiotomy and Perineal Tears Epistiotomy Vacuum and Forceps During Labour and Birth Fetal Monitoring During Labour HY Induction During Labour Labour Induction and Augmentation Local Anesthesia for Childbirth Pain Relief Options Labour and Birth Postpartum Bleeding Postpartum: First 6 Weeks After Childbirth Postural Management for Breech Position Practicing Breathing Techniques for Labour Relaxation Techniques During Labour and Birth Spinal Block for Childbirth Stillbirth VBAC: Labour Induction VBAC: Participation During Birth VBAC: Uterine Scar Rupture.

After Childbirth: Coping and Adjusting After Childbirth: Pelvic Bone Problems After Childbirth: Urination and Bowel Problems Birth Control for New Moms Childbirth Afterpains Concerns About Sexuality After Giving Birth Coping with Postpartum Depression and Anxiety Help with Urination After Giving Birth Managing Bowel Movements After Pregnancy Mom and Baby Staying Together Myths and Facts About Postpartum Depression New Moms and Abuse Nurturing Your Relationship After Giving Birth Postpartum Depression Problems After Delivery of Your Baby Strenghthing Your Pelvis After Birth - Kegel Exercises Vaginal Care After Giving Birth.

New Parents Advice to New Parents - staying calm Alcohol and Smoking After Pregnancy BC Healthy Connections Project Baby Blues Baby's Daily Needs: What to Expect Bonding With Your Baby Child Care Advice - New Parents Coping Strategies to Avoid Harming a Baby Coping When Your Baby Cries A Lot Coping with Crying Crying: Tired or Overstimulated Depression: Managing Postpartum Depression Fitness: Staying Active When You Have Young Children Infant Crying Maintaining a Healthy Weight After Pregnancy Making Sure Your Will Includes Your Baby Parenting With Your Partner Quick Tips: Baby-Proofing Your Home Sex After Childbirth Support Teams for New Parents Support for Single Parents During the First Year Taking Care of Yourself When Your Baby Is Fussy Tips for Soothing Babies Ways to Comfort a Crying Baby Your Body After Pregnancy.

Birthmarks Biting Caring for More Than One Baby Caring for Your Baby's Skin and Nails Caring for a Baby's Nails Circumcision Circumcision: Should I Keep My Son's Penis Natural?

Cleaning Your Young Son's Natural Uncircumcised Penis Cleft Lip Cleft Palate Club Foot Common Types of Birthmarks Creating a Healthy Emotional Attachment Diaper Rash Infant Massage Oral Care For Your Baby Positional Plagiocephaly Quick Tips: Getting Baby to Sleep Screening for Hearing Problems Separation Protests: Helping Your Child Teething and Biting Thumb-Sucking Versus Pacifier Use Tongue-Tie Using Soothers and Stopping When it is Time.

Alternative Feeding Methods for Newborns Baby Feeding Cues - Video Bottle-Feeding: When Baby Doesn't Want to Stop Burping a Baby Choosing Baby Bottles and Nipples Cleft Palate: Feeding Your Baby Combining Breastfeeding and Formula-Feeding Cup-Feeding Baby With Breast Milk or Formula Feeding Schedule for Babies Feeding Your Child Using Division of Responsibility Feeding Your Infant Feeding Your Premature Infant Food Allergies, Your Baby's First Year Getting Started and Feeding Cues How Often and How Long to Feed Introducing Solid Foods to Your Baby Learn More Before You Supplement Formula Safe Drinking Water - Your Baby's First Year Safe Water for Mixing Infant Formula Signs of a Good Feed Spitting Up Vitamin D Supplements for Babies - First Year Weaning.

Abdominal Gas and Colic Blocked Tear Ducts: Should My Baby Have a Probing Procedure? Bowel Movements in Babies Cataracts in Children Chronic Lung Disease in Infants Colic Diary Colic Colic: Harmful Treatments Comforting a Child Who Has a Respiratory Illness Common Health Concerns for Babies First Year Cough Symptoms in Children Cradle Cap Croup Croup: Managing a Croup Attack Crying Child That Is Not Acting Normally Dehydration: Drinking Enough Fluids Dental Care From 6 Months to 3 Years Dental Care From Birth to 6 Months Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Developmental Problems: Testing Failure to Thrive Gastroesophageal Reflux in Babies and Children Health and Safety, Birth to 2 Years Healthy Hearing and Vision For Babies Immunization, Your Baby's First Year Orchiopexy for Undescended Testicle Reducing Biting in Children Ages 8 to 14 Months Reducing Biting in Teething Babies Teething Products Teething: Common Concerns Treating Asthma in Babies and Younger Children Understanding Flat Spots on Babies' Heads.

Babies Physical Development Months Babies Physical Development Months Babies Physical Development Months Babies Social and Emotional Development Months Babies Social and Emotional Development Months Babies Social and Emotional Development Months Babies and Language Development Months Babies and Language Development Months Children's Growth Chart Cognitive Development Months Cognitive Development mos Cognitive Development First Mos Emotional and Social Growth in Newborns Growth and Development Milestones Growth and Development, Newborn Importance of Tummy Time for Babies' Development Speech and Language Milestones, Birth to 1 Year Stimulate Your Baby's Learning Tooth Development in Children.

Babies' Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Baby Proofing Your Home First Year Choking Rescue for Babies Choosing and Using Baby Carriers Safely Safer Sleep for My Baby Crib Safety Risks and Concerns Around Bed Sharing Safe Chairs for Baby's First Year Safe Use of Strollers for Babies Safely Using Walkers, Playpens and Jumpers Safer Sleeping Safety at Home for Baby's First Year Shaken Baby Syndrome Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS Sun Safety Babies for their First Year.

Mealtime and Your Toddler Bottle-Feeding: Weaning a Toddler Breastfeeding Your Toddler Breastfeeding: Weaning a Toddler Feeding Jobs for Parents and Toddlers. Acetaminophen Use in Young Children Breath-Holding Spells Breath-Holding Spells: Keeping a Record Brushing and Flossing a Child's Teeth Care for Toddlers' Colds and Coughs Crying, Age 3 and Younger Dealing with Dawdling and Whining in Toddlers Dealing with Toddlers' Challenging Behaviour - General Dental Care and Teething in Toddlers Egocentric and Magical Thinking Handwashing Advice for Parents of Toddlers Healthcare resources for sick toddlers Hearing Health for Toddlers Ibuprofen Use in Young Children Managing Your Toddler's Frustrating Behaviours Positive Parenting Preparing Your Toddler for Health Care Visits Preventing Breath-Holding Spells in Children Promoting Positive Behaviour in Your Toddler Protecting Your Toddlers Vision Toddler Tantrums.

Bathroom Safety For Toddlers Bed Safety Toddlers Age 3 Bicyles Tricylces and Helmets for Toddlers Childproofing your Home Falls Prevention for Toddlers Fire and Burn Prevention for Toddlers Keeping Surfaces Clean Keeping Your Toddler Safe Around Pets Kitchen Safety for Toddlers Playground Safety for Toddlers Poison Prevention for Toddlers Safety Outdoors in the Cold for Toddlers Safety for Your Toddler in the Community Saftey for Toddlers in the Heat and Sun Staying Calm Through Challenging Behaviours Streetproofiing Tips for Your Toddler Toddler Safety Near Swimming Pools Toy Safety for Toddlers Water Safety for Toddlers Your Toddler: Safe Ways to Explore.

Night Waking. Caring for Your Preschooler Connecting with your preschooler and Building Self-Esteem Connecting with your preschooler and building coping skills Connecting with your preschooler and developing social skills Crying in preschool Daytime Accidental Wetting Dental Care: 3 Years to 6 Years Dental care for preschoolers Health and Safety, Ages 2 to 5 Years Learning to Share Preschool Praise and Encouragement Preschoolers: Building Self-Control Preschoolers: Building Social Skills Preschoolers: Building a Sense of Security Preschoolers: Encouraging Independence Preschoolers: Helping Your Child Explore Preventing Tooth Decay in Young Children Talking and Listening - Preschool Temper Tantrums in Preschool Temper Tantrums Temper Tantrums: Keeping a Record Thumb-Sucking: Helping Your Child Stop Your Child and the Dentist.

Bedwetting: Should I Do Something About My Child's Bedwetting? Bedwetting: Should My Child See a Doctor? Calling Out and Getting Out of Bed Moisture Alarms for Bedwetting Motivational Therapy for Bedwetting Night Terrors and Nightmares Nightmares and Other Sleep Problems in Children.

Emotional Development, Ages 2 to 5 Years Encouraging Language Development in Your Preschooler Encouraging Preschoolers creative and artistic development How Reading Helps Language Development How to Teach Your Child by Example Language Development Years Language Development Years Language Development Amazing Journey Preschool Language Development: years Milestones for 4-Year-Olds Milestones for 5-Year-Olds Preschooler Development Years Preschooler Play Preschooler development years Speech Problems: Normal Disfluency Speech and Language Delays: Common Misconceptions 49 Speech and Language Development Speech and Language Development: Red Flags Speech and Language Milestones, Ages 3 to 5 Years Stuttering Thumb-Sucking Why Play is Important in Preschool.

Caring for Your School-Age Child About Self Esteem and Children Active Listening for Children Bedwetting Building Kids Resilience Childhood Fears and Exposure to Violence Connecting With Your School-age Child Conversation Skills Children talking and Listening Conversations that Teach Children Resilience Dental Care for School-Age Children Don't Stop Having Conversations With Kids Establishing Limits With Your School-Age Child Explaining Alcohol to Kids Friends and Friendship Help Your School-Age Child Develop Social Skills Helping Your School-Age Child Learn About the Body How School-Age Children Communicate How to Communicate with your School Age Children Problem Solving Strategies Problem Solving for Children Quick Tips: Using Backpacks Safely Sample School Plan School Mornings Self-Esteem, Ages 6 to 10 Talking About Tough Topics Why Talking is Important.

Growing Pains Growth and Development, Ages 6 to 10 Years Learning Disabilities Milestones for Year-Olds Milestones for 6-Year-Olds Milestones for 7-Year-Olds Milestones for 8-Year-Olds Milestones for 9-Year-Olds School-Age Children Creative and Artistic Development - what to expect School-Age Children and Play.

Conversations to Teach Resilience Don't stop Having Conversations with Young Adults How to Restore Relationships with Young Adults A Guide for Young Adults and Alcohol Hosting Safe Young Adult Parties Safe Night Out for Young Adults Responsible Young Adult Driving.

Healthy Habits for Kids Sleep: Helping Your Children-and Yourself-Sleep Well. Preparing Your Child for the Hospital. Thoroughly warm up and cool down before and after activity. Cross-train with other activities and exercises to reduce the risk of overuse.

Strap or tape injury prone joints prior to exercising. Drink water before, during and after an activity to avoid dehydration.

Over exercising can increase colds and infections — reduce your activity schedule. Seek medical attention for injuries and explore alternative activity strategies to help promote a healthy or safe recovery. R - Rest I - Ice C - Compression E - Elevation Exercising too vigorously can cause injuries, and injuries are more likely to occur if you ignore signs of fatigue, discomfort and pain.

Assume Proper Form Avoid bouncing when you stretch to reduce muscle tearing. Protect your back — make sure your thighs take the load when you're lifting. Consult with your instructor, coach, sporting association, kinesiologist, chiropractor or physiotherapist for instruction on correct technique and movement patterns.

Practice the correct techniques and skills for your activity. Ensure Equipment Fits Properly Wear protective equipment as required for your activity. Make sure your equipment is the right size. Wear appropriate footwear and replace your shoes before they wear out approximately every km.

Maintain equipment on a regular basis. Properly inflate bicycle tires and ensure the height of the seat allows your legs to almost fully extend while pedaling.

Consult with your instructor, coach, sporting association or sporting goods store about how to maintain and check equipment.