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It looks at your physical, Alternative herbal treatments, mental and emotional wellbeing. It treatmwnts sometimes Blood pressure fluctuations phytomedicine, phytotherapy or Alternatiev medicine.
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Practitioners may use different parts of plants. They might trdatments the leaves, roots, stems, Alernative or seeds. Usually, Skin repair treatments combine herbs and you take them as teas, capsules, tinctures, or powders. Herbal medicine is one of hrbal most herbql complementary and alternative therapies by people with cancer.
People have used herbal medicine for centuries to treat many different health conditions. They believe it is a natural way to help you relax and cope with anxiety and depression or to help with other conditions such as:. People might also use herbal medicine to help themselves to feel better or more in control of their situation.
During your first visit, the herbalist will ask you general questions about your health, lifestyle and diet. They will take a medical history and find out about any medication or supplements you are taking.
They will also do a physical examination. This might include taking your pulse and blood pressure and examining your skin, nails, tongue and eyes. They might also feel your abdomen. The herbalist will then decide which remedies you need. They will usually make it while you wait.
Your herbalist may suggest that you go back for another appointment after a few weeks. How long you continue seeing them will depend on why you are using herbal medicine.
Some herbal medicines are safe to use but others may have severe and potentially dangerous side effects if used incorrectly.
Some herbal medicines can interact with prescription drugs and other cancer treatments you are having. Check with your cancer hebal before taking any herbal medicines. Some herbal treatments might affect the way your body processes cancer drugs.
This means it could make the imatinib less effective at treating your cancer. Some herbal medicines might increase the effect of cancer drugs.
This means that you could have too much treatment. Other herbal medicines can interfere with some drugs. For example, Asian ginseng and bilberry can increase the risk of bleeding after surgery. Some herbal remedies may make your skin more sensitive to light.
Do not take them while having radiotherapy. Each type of herbal remedy might have side effects. Some are safe to use and do not have any noticeable side effects.
But some plants are poisonous to humans and can have serious and severe side effects. Always tell your doctor if you are using any type of herbal remedy. It Alterbative be helpful to ask your herbalist for a list of all the ingredients in your herbal remedy.
Then if you do have any side effects, your doctor will know what you have taken. You, herball doctor or herbalist can report side effects. You can report it to the Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Authority MHRA. The MHRA is the UK regulatory body.
It collects information about the side effects of drugs, including herbal medicines. Let both your herbalist and doctor know immediately if you feel worse or ill while you are taking herbal medicine.
Herbla is no reliable evidence from human studies that herbal remedies can treat, prevent or cure any type of cancer. Some clinical trials seem to show that certain Chinese herbs may help people to live longer, might reduce side effects, and help to prevent cancer from coming back.
This is especially when combined with conventional treatment. But many of the studies are published in Chinese, and some of them don't list the specific herbs used. Some journal articles don't give enough detail on how the researchers did the studies.
It is difficult to know how reliable the research is and which herbs may be helpful. But there are trials looking into this. Chinese researchers did a cohort study in A cohort is a group of people, so cohort studies look at Alternativw of people.
The researchers follow the group over a period of time. The researchers in this study looked at people with oesophageal food pipe cancer. And who might develop a second primary new cancer of the head and neck.
The researchers followed the group over 10 years. Nerbal part of the group received Chinese Herbal Medicine CHM and the other part did not.
The results showed that the group of people who took CHM had fewer cases of a second primary cancer of the head and neck. This was when the researchers compared them to the group that did not take CHM.
The researchers suggested that CHM might prevent a second primary cancer of the head and neck in people with oesophageal cancer. The results looked promising. But the people in the study received different types of CHM. This might make the results of the study less accurate. There is evidence that some herbal remedies might prevent or relieve cancer symptoms.
And that it might help with treatment side effects. But we need results from large clinical trials. This way we can know which herbs are safe to use alongside conventional cancer treatment.
A Cochrane review of studies in looking at preventing a dry mouth in people having radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. They found that there was not enough evidence to say that Chinese Herbal Medicine CHM can prevent the feeling of dry mouth.
This was in people who had radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy to the head and neck. Another Cochrane review of studies in found that there was not enough evidence to use CHM as a treatment for oesophageal cancer.
But they said that it might help with quality of life.
: Alternative herbal treatments| Alternative medicine - Wikipedia | There is some evidence for improved memory in volunteers. One study found that it improved mood, alertness, calmness and contentedness. It may help concentration in people with dementia. Although safe when used in amounts commonly found in foods, some types when taken orally can cause convulsions. Sage may also lower blood sugar. It should not be used in pregnancy or when breastfeeding. Vitamin E is found in plant oils, nuts, vegetables and, to a lesser degree, in meat and dairy products. It may improve behaviour in dementia, but there is no good evidence that it improves memory or slows the progress of the disease. A recent study found that a daily intake of more than IU mg of alpha-tocopherol resulted in an increase of death from all causes, and an increased risk of bleeding and stroke. Most of these treatments seem to work on gamma-amino-butyric acid GABA , a chemical in the brain linked to anxiety. We do not know if these drugs cause addiction. They are less powerful than conventional sedatives or sleeping tablets. Valeriana officinalis is thought to be safe and is available as a standard extract in the UK. Some other species may cause liver problems. This remains unclear at the moment, but some studies have shown that people report sleeping better having taken Valerian. drowsiness or excitability. It may slow down reactions, so you should not drive or operate dangerous machinery after taking it. Valerian is safe more most people when used sort-term. As with most complementary medicines, we do not know whether long-term use may be harmful. You should not take it in pregnancy. Passion flower is used to treat anxiety. It has also been suggested as a treatment in alcohol craving and opiate withdrawal. Very few studies have been conducted, One trial found it to be as good as conventional tranquillisers. Isolated reports of severe toxicity even at normal doses. It can cause dizziness, confusion, heart problems, and inflammation of blood vessels. Some species may contain cyanides, so toxicity may depend on the preparation. Chamomile is a mild sedative. It is also used to treat stomach upsets and mucosal irritations. Traditionally the flowers are prepared as a tea. We know very little, but one recent study has shown that it may make people less anxious, as long as the anxiety is not too bad. It may increase bleeding time and may stimulate breast cancer cell growth in oestrogen sensitive cancers. People use this to lower cholesterol and for stomach upsets, such as irritable bowel syndrome. It has also been used to treat anxiety and tiredness. It has even been suggested for use in alcohol and nicotine addiction. Some extracts can cause liver problems or possibly cancer. It should not be used in pregnancy and it may increase epileptic fits. Lemon balm is a herb of the mint family. It is used for anxiety, sleep problems, heavy periods and period pain. It is also used to treat agitation in dementia. Lemon balm is used as tea or extract. The oil is also used in aromatherapy. Some evidence of calming in dementia. No research on its use in anxiety and insomnia. In combination with valerian and hops, it can improve sleep. Lavender is also a member of the mint family. Drops of lavender oil or seeds put onto pillows have been used to help sleep. It is used in aromatherapy, and as an extract or tea. This is an extract from a combination of flowers which is used to treat anxiety, panic and trauma. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland in the base of the brain. It controls our body clock. If you are over 55, your doctor can prescribe melatonin for you. The prescribed brand is called Circadin. A mixture of two aminoacids - L-Arginine and L-Lysine - has been used to try to reduce stress and anxiety. Roseroot is also known as 'arctic root' or 'rhodolia'. It is also a so called 'adaptogen' which should help the body cope better with stress, anxiety and tiredness. Roseroot has also been used as an energy booster, for instance to enhance athletic performance. Vitamins, trace elements and supplements. It has been suggested that certain vitamins, trace elements and supplements may help anxiety. However, there are very few studies to rely on at present. One problem is that studies tend to test combinations rather than individual substances, so that it's difficult to tell which ingredient does what. The Food Standards Agency has produced a website which explains all about vitamins, trace elements and supplements. In bipolar disorder manic depression , adding omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the chance of becoming ill again. Some people buy natural lithium, but we do not recommend this because the doses offered in the tablets are much lower than in prescription preparations. Also, lithium at any dose should be closely monitored. Most treatments for depression are supplements, which are building blocks in the production of serotonin. This is a chemical in the brain that seems to be involved in depression. L-tryptophan and 5 hydroxytryptophan 5-HT , are such building blocks, but they have not as yet been cleared as safe. This is when the plant starts to flower. For a long time it was thought that the red dye, hypericin, which is produced when the plant is crushed, was responsible for its action. Research now suggests that another ingredient, hyperforin, may produce the antidepressant effect. It may cause mania in people with bipolar disorder. There is also a risk of organ rejection in people taking St John's wort who undergo transplant surgery. S-adenosyl-methionine SAME is another building block of serotonin. It is not often used in the UK, but is popular in Europe and the US. It is also popular with HIV sufferers because it has few side-effects. It is often given as an injection. However, oral preparations are available, but some do not work. SAME can be expensive. In some countries, folic acid is added to the flour. Selenium is an important trace element. It is found in vegetables, meat, fish and Brazil nuts. Brazil nuts can vary in selenium content, but sometimes the concentration is so high that the US National Institutes of Health advise that Brazil nuts should be only eaten occasionally. The Food Standards Agency recommends a safe upper level of 0. Some formulations exceed this dose. can lead to nausea, vomiting, nail changes, irritability, weight loss, depression, confusion, liver and skin changes. We don't know. Many depressed people may have low vitamin D levels, but studies have not been able to show that taking Vitamin D helps depression. NOTE: Going out into the sunlight is a good way to stock up on Vitamin D because the light of the sun helps our skin to produce Vitamin D itself. And the physical activity can help to lift low mood as well. Omega-3 acids are mainly derived from fish — they are used to prevent heart and joint disease. They are also used in depression. Omega-3 fatty acids have two main components: docosahexaonic acid DHA and eicosapentaonic acid EPA. The pills are often large, and some people find them hard to swallow. Avoid preparations which have added vitamin A. This could cause vitamin A poisoning. They may be worth taking with antidepressants. They may help prevent relapse in bipolar disorder. There is not enough evidence to recommend them as an alternative to antidepressants or mood stabilisers. Choices are limited. Rauwolfia, a plant originating from India, has been used, but is not as good as antipsychotic medicines. Reserpine, a drug developed from Rauwolfia, can cause depression and is no longer used in the UK. Omega-3s may be tried with antipsychotic treatment, but there is no good evidence that they help. Many antipsychotics can cause weight gain and lead to a higher risk of heart and blood pressure problems. Omega-3s may reduce these changes, but success is not guaranteed. Many older antipsychotics could cause abnormal movements, known as tardive dyskinesia. If this occurs, the dose of the antipsychotic can be lowered, or an alternative antipsychotic given. Vitamin E, may prevent the movements getting worse. However, the potential benefits need to be offset against long-term use, particularly if high doses of vitamin E are considered. Melatonin has also been tried, but the research is inconclusive. One study found that Gingko biloba can reduce tardive dyskinesia and that the effect may last for some time, even after Ginkgo biloba has been stopped. As mentioned above, there may be health risks because of a potentially increased bleeding risk. The choice is limited. Valerian has been suggested to improve sleep in people withdrawing from drugs like Valium. But no good research has been done. Kudzu, or 'Japanese arroweed' flowers have a pleasant fragrance. They have been used for many medical purposes, including menopausal problems. It has also been used for alcohol problems. One study showed reduction in alcohol use in heavy drinkers. Another study failed to show any effect on craving. Iboga is a West African shrub producing ibogaine. This causes hallucinations and has been used widely for religious rites. It became famous as a treatment for opiate addiction in the 60s. However, it can have serious life-threatening side-effects. Until these safety concerns are clarified it cannot be recommended. Several deaths after ibogaine use have been reported. The risk of death may be as high as 1 in treatments. It is not known how many deaths have occurred, and may have gone unreported because of the 'underground nature' of ibogaine treatment. Finding a well-trained practitioner can be difficult. You can also always ask your general practitioner GP or mental health professional. It may be useful to consult with your local drug information service, and to find a health professional with special expertise in this area, or use services recommended by your GP or hospital. There are professional herbalists who belong to the National Institute of Medical Herbalists. They are trained and often work in a private setting. Most are not medically qualified. Food and Behaviour Research: this website has information about a wide variety of conditions where behaviour, learning and mood are linked with food and nutrition. You can browse this information by condition. MedlinePlus: This is a website run by the US National Institute of Health. The homepage has a search option allowing you to type in different keywords so you can retrieve the information you want. Mayo Clinic: Nutrition and healthy eating. An American website that offers a wealth of information on all aspects of eating and weight control. NHS choices: Complementary and alternative medicines. This website is very helpful to get information on all aspects of complementary alternative medicines, ranging from individual treatment to regulation of medicine, and how to find a practitioner. It is easy to surf. Of particular interest is the clinical trial register which gives an overview of American research. This needs to be complemented with information from other clinical trial databases, for instance the Cochrane collaboration. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database : A subscription-only website with extremely detailed and comprehensive information on all types of natural medicines. It is cross-referenced with the scientific literature, and contains features such as a natural product effectiveness and drug interaction checker. It also allows condition-specific searches and offers tutorials on specific topics. Patient hand-outs can be downloaded. Quackwatch : A non-profit corporation whose purpose is to combat health-related frauds, myths, fads, fallacies, and misconduct. This website can be helpful when unusual treatments are suggested, particularly if a lot of money is to be paid in advance. This site uses cookies: Find out more Okay, thanks. Home Mental health Support, care and treatment Complementary and alternative medicines: herbal remedies. Print this page Share this page facebook twitter linkedin. Disclaimer This leaflet provides information, not advice. What are complementary and alternative medicines CAMs? They include: herbal medicines foods nutritional supplements, such as vitamins and minerals. CAMS and mental health problems. If you are considering taking CAMs, you should seek specialist advice if: you are pregnant or breastfeeding you want to give CAMs to children you are competing in sports to make sure that the CAM you are considering taking is not in breach of doping regulations. How to use CAMs safely. Do choose a qualified practitioner who is a member of a recognised society ask about their qualification and experience ask about side-effects if in doubt, ask your doctor, nurse or pharmacist tell the professionals involved in your care, including your CAM practitioner, about all your treatments and medications tell them if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant or breast-feed tell them about your physical health and allergies discuss your concerns about treatment seek medical advice if you experience unusual symptoms make special time for your treatment sessions find a reliable source for your information about therapies. An introduction to herbal remedies and supplements. Do not go beyond this dose without talking to an experienced health professional. Herbal remedies and supplements for brain function and dementia. These are called 'cognitive enhancers' and can improve concentration. They include: Ginkgo ginkgo biloba Ginseng panax ginseng Hydergine Ergot claviceps purpurea Sage Salvia officinalis, salvia lavandulaefolia Vitamin E alpha-tocopheril Ginkgo Ginkgo is a tree originating in China. How does it work? It may: act as an antioxidant to prevent cell damage increase the blood flow in the brain or increase chemical transmitters in the brain. Side-effects It may rarely cause bleeding into the brain and into the eye or prolong bleeding time during surgery. Drug interactions with blood thinning drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, warfarin increases bleeding time trazodone one case of coma has been reported antidepressants increase the risk of going high - mania anticonvulsants reduces their effectiveness. Ginseng Ginseng grows in many parts of the world. It may: thin the blood prevent cell damage through antioxidant activity How good is it? Drug interactions with: drugs used in diabetes lower blood sugar blood thinning agents such as aspirin, ibuprofen and warfarin changes in bleeding time MAOI antidepressants eg. Phenelzine , may lead to agitation and sleep problems. Hydergine This comes from a fungus which lives on rye. It may affect the activity of brain transmitters. It may improve memory in dementia. Side-effects It can cause fits, confusion, hallucinations and psychosis. Drug interactions with antidepressants and some pain killers drugs for dementia drugs for migraine. Sage Sage produces oils which are used in aromatherapy. It may: increase some brain transmitters have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and oestrogen effects How good is it? Side-effects Although safe when used in amounts commonly found in foods, some types when taken orally can cause convulsions. Drug interactions with: drugs for diabetes drugs for epilepsy sedatives. Vitamin E alpha-tocopherol Vitamin E is found in plant oils, nuts, vegetables and, to a lesser degree, in meat and dairy products. Antioxidant properties may prevent cell damage. Side-effects A recent study found that a daily intake of more than IU mg of alpha-tocopherol resulted in an increase of death from all causes, and an increased risk of bleeding and stroke. Drug interactions with drugs to thin the blood anaesthetics and cocaine drugs to lower cholesterol and some cancer treatments. Herbal remedies and supplements for anxiety and sleep problems. Note Kava piper methysticum has been withdrawn in the UK due to concerns that it might cause liver damage. It should not be used. Combinations of extracts may be less safe. There have been concerns about liver damage from combinations of valerian and other herbs. Some other species may cause liver problems How does it work? It probably acts on GABA. It may also counteract the effects of caffeine. Side-effects drowsiness or excitability. Drug interactions with sedatives alcohol the pill HIV medicines cancer treatments epilepsy and anti-fungal treatments blood thinning medicines. Herbal remedies and supplements for depression and bipolar. antidepressants strong painkillers oral contraceptives the pill , reduces its effectiveness some cancer drugs. some epilepsy drugs, such as carbamazepine digoxin warfarin HIV drugs some cancer drugs. S-adenosyl-methionine SAME S-adenosyl-methionine SAME is another building block of serotonin. It helps to produce serotonin and other neurotransmitters. Some trials show that SAME has a good antidepressant effect. Side-effects : may cause mania in people with bipolar disorder. Drug interactions with:. It is another building block of serotonin and other neurotransmitters. To unsubscribe at any time click the link in our mailing or email: unsubscribe camh. What is Complementary and Alternative Therapies CAM? They have three main categories: physical therapies , e. exercise, yoga, bright light, acupuncture nutraceuticals vitamins and minerals , e. Vitamin D, folic acid, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids herbal remedies , e. Compared to the huge amount of data on standard medications or psychotherapies, research on CAMs is still limited. Few CAM studies have consistently positive results. Due to poor study designs, the results of many studies may be difficult to replicate in the community. Most studies looked at CAMs in major depression, with very few studies in other common mental disorders, such as anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Physical therapies have been far more investigated than nutraceuticals or herbal remedies. How does Complementary and Alternative Therapies CAM work? Physical therapies Many physical therapies work by increasing people's ability to tolerate stress. An example: We are not absolutely certain, but scientific evidence suggests that yoga practice provides benefit by acting on stress reactivity. Nutraceuticals, h erbal remedies and supplements Researchers are investigating the effectiveness of a range of nutraceuticals, herbal remedies and supplements as treatments for depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses. Who can Complementary and Alternative Therapies CAM benefit? Which CAMs appear to be helpful for mental illnesses? Risk of Side Effects The pros and cons of the specific CAM, and your personal health and medication status, are key factors to consider. Help us change mental health care forever. Your donation moves us closer to a future where no one is left behind. Keep in touch with CAMH Keep your finger on our pulse — latest CAMH news, discoveries and ways to get involved delivered to your inbox. Please select a newsletter. Please complete the following:. CAMH BrainBuzz - the latest news, groundbreaking discoveries and special features about CAMH research, studies, and the people behind the work. CAMH Foundation - provides updates on the mental health movement and ways you can get involved. First Name Please input a first name. Last Name Please input a last name. Email Please input an email address. I agree to the Terms of Use for privacy and use of my personal data. Please agree to the Terms of Use. Sign Up. Thanks for Subscribing. We look forward to keeping you informed, inspired and involved in all things CAMH. |
| Herbal medicine - Better Health Channel | Arch Intern Med treayments,Alternayive Rolled oats benefits may possibly stimulate breast cancers. gov or. Writing in in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians Barrie R. Paul Offit's battle against charlatanism". Greenwood D. Drug interactions with:. |
| Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. 2nd edition. | Used to treatmenrs ailments Heart health for women Alternative herbal treatments boilsfever and herpes. No organization or Alternative herbal treatments regulates the manufacture or certifies the labeling herval herbal preparations. A guide to herbal remedies. Monk B. Katiyar S. Propolis is a resinous material gathered by honeybees from the buds and bark of certain plants and trees. It has been found in vitro to have antibacterial and antifungal activity against organisms that commonly infect surgical wounds Efam and Udoh |
| A guide to herbal remedies | Natural Medicines Comprehensive Sports psychology and mindset training treafments A subscription-only Alernative with extremely detailed Body composition testing comprehensive information on all types AAlternative natural medicines. They might also feel your abdomen. Herbal medicines might have side effects and interact with other medicines. Country USA Canada. Spinal manipulation aims to treat " vertebral subluxations " which are claimed to put pressure on nerves. |
| Herbal medicine Information | Mount Sinai - New York | How can you know what you are getting and if it is useful? It also inhibits many genes responsible for antigen presentation and activation of cyclooxygenase 2 Lyss et al. M, Reichling J, Harkenthal M. Currently, the United States does not regulate herbal products except as dietary supplements. Side-effects It may rarely cause bleeding into the brain and into the eye or prolong bleeding time during surgery. It is another building block of serotonin and other neurotransmitters. K, Shenefelt P. |
Alternative herbal treatments -
Two trials showed that 0. The first study showed a significant decrease in scaling and erythema during a 6-week period in 44 patients with moderate and severe psoriasis Bernstein et al. The second was a double-blind study of patients in whom psoriasis was treated with the capsaicin cream four times daily for 6 weeks, with a significant decrease in scaling, thickness, erythema, and pruritus Ellis et al.
The main adverse effect reported was a brief burning sensation at the application site. Capsaicin is contraindicated on injured skin or near the eyes, and the German authority Commission E suggests it should not be used for more than 2 consecutive days, with a day lapse between applications.
This is consistent with previous Norwegian surveys of patients with psoriasis Jensen Herbal therapy is one of the most frequently chosen alternative therapies. Psoriasis has been treated for centuries with herbal preparations, both topical and oral. There are many herbal preparations composed of furocoumarins, which act as psoralens when combined with ultraviolet A UV-A, — nm.
Furocoumarins derived from Ammi majus and related plants that produce 8-methoxy-psoralen when applied topically or taken orally intercalate with DNA. Further, when coupled with exposure to UV-A from the sun or a an ultraviolet light-box, the photoactivation causes cross-linkages with the thymine in the DNA, inducing cell death van Wyk and Wink This, in turn, inhibits hyperproliferation in psoriatic lesions.
One commonly used TCM, Radix Angelicae dahurica , included in Class 1 McGuffin et al. In a study involving patients with psoriasis, this TCM, taken orally, was combined with UV-A therapy and was compared with the standard treatment of psoralen—UV-A with methoxsalen. The efficacy of the two treatments was equivalent; however, there were fewer adverse effects such as nausea and dizziness in the group treated with TCM and UV-A Koo and Arain In addition, there are topical preparations made from herbs that show systemic efficacy against psoriasis, but are too toxic when given systemically Ng Some types of TCM may act in part on the microcirculation of the psoriatic lesion Zhang and Gu Additional TCM herbal mixtures for psoriasis are listed by Xu Turmeric has been used for centuries in India to provide glow and luster to the skin.
It has antimicrobial, antioxidant, astringent, and other useful effects that help to heal wounds and reduce scarring Chaturvedi In vitro, the purified turmeric extract curcumin has been found to inhibit phorbol ester-induced activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 Surh et al.
The resulting suppression of phosphorylase kinase activity correlates with the resolution of psoriasis when curcumin is applied topically to the lesions Heng et al. Microencapsulation of curcumin reduces the yellow staining produced by application of topical curcumin on the skin, while prolonging the bioavailability of curcumin Aziz, Peh, and Tan Tars have been used for centuries to treat psoriasis.
They are photosensitizing compounds, so judicious exposure to sunlight can be beneficial, or they can be used in conjunction with ultraviolet B UV-B; — nm or narrowband UV-B nm. Depression and anxiety can cause skin problems.
Kava kava Piper methysticum has moderate anxiolytic effects, but its use is not recommended due to its potential hepatotoxicity. It is included in Classes 2b, 2c, and 2d McGuffin et al.
Lavender oil aromatherapy Lavendula spp. has been demonstrated to produce significant reduction in anxiety. This may in part be a conditioned response, and it is important that the first exposure to lavender oil is a pleasant and relaxing one.
It is Class 1 McGuffin et al. Lemon balm M. officinalis is approved by the German authority Commission E for treating nervousness and insomnia. It is also Class 1 McGuffin et al.
Magnolia bark Magnolia obovata has moderate anxiolytic effects. It contains honokiol and magnolol, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory Kuribara, Stavinoha, and Maruyama effects. It is Class 2b McGuffin et al. Passion flower Passiflora incarnata is approved by Commission E for treating nervousness and insomnia.
perforatum is approved by Commission E for treating depression. It is helpful for treating mild to moderate depression but not for severe depression Linde et al. It has significant interactions with the metabolism of a number of other drugs by inducing cytochrome P isoform 3A4, and is Class 2d McGuffin et al.
Valerian Valariana spp. is approved by Commission E for treating insomnia caused by nervousness. Anise Pimpinella anisum seeds are a source of an essential oil that displays antibacterial and insecticidal activity in vitro and is used topically to treat scabies and head lice.
It should not be used in pregnancy and is Class 2b McGuffin et al. Neem Azadirachta indica is indigenous to India, and every part of the plant is used medicinally.
In a study of more than villagers in India, a paste of neem and turmeric applied topically was reported to treat chronic ulcers and scabies Peirce, Fargis, and Scordato It seems to be safe for use in adults, but can be poisonous to children Peirce, Fargis, and Scordato Numerous other herbs have been used for centuries in India and China to treat scabies Fleming Red ginseng Panax ginseng is a classic TCM.
In a recent study, red ginseng extracts used topically were found to inhibit chemically induced skin tumors in mice. This is thought to be due to the immuno-modulating properties of red ginseng Cheng, Lin and Lei et al. It is Class 2d McGuffin et al. Propolis is a resinous material gathered by honeybees from the buds and bark of certain plants and trees.
Propolis has been used for centuries for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antitumor effects, which are thought to result from the flavinoid and related phenolic acids components.
A tumoricidal component, clerodane diterpenoid, has also been isolated. This compound was studied regarding its topical effects on skin tumorigenesis in mice. Clerodane diterpenoid appeared to reduce the incidence of chemically induced dysplastic papillomas by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA in a de novo pathway and by suppressing the growth of tumors by decreasing DNA synthesis in a salvage pathway Mitamura et al.
Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis extract is reputed to have antioxidant activity. A methanol extract of the leaves was evaluated for its effects on skin tumors in mice. It was found that topically applied rosemary inhibited induction and promotion of skin tumors in mice treated with known chemical carcinogens.
Although the exact mechanism of action is still under study, it appears that several components of the extract are important in this process. This finding suggests that it was not the antioxidant properties alone that were beneficial in the prevention of skin tumors Huang et al.
Rosemary should not be used in pregnancy as it is a Class 2b herb McGuffin et al. Silymarin is a flavinoid isolated from milk thistle Silybum marianum , and is approved by the German Commission E for treating liver disease because of its antioxidant properties.
An experiment was performed to assess whether this antioxidant effect would protect against tumor promotion. Topically applied silymarin was found to possess highly protective effects against chemically induced skin tumor promotion in mice.
This may involve inhibition of promoter-induced edema, hyperplasia, and proliferation, as well as the oxidant state Lahiri-Chatterjee et al. These results are promising, yet more research involving human models is needed.
Silymarin is safe to use topically and orally when used appropriately, and is Class 1 McGuffin et al. Tea is manufactured from the leaf and bud of Camellia sinensis see also Chapter 12 on tea. The majority of tea consumed worldwide is in the form of black tea, which is Class 2d McGuffin et al.
Green tea has been found in several mouse models to have anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic properties. The polyphenolic constituent — -epigallocatechingallate is thought to be the active ingredient. Numerous studies of green tea and skin cancer were reviewed Katiyar, Ahmad, and Mukhtar It was found that topical application or oral consumption of green tea protects against inflammation, chemical carcinogenesis, and photocarcinogenesis.
Green tea demonstrated the blocking of many mediators in the inflammatory process important in the early steps of skin tumor promotion. It also appears that there is inhibition of biochemical markers of chemical carcinogenesis, inhibition of UV-induced oxidative stress, and prevention of UV-induced immunosuppression Katiyar, Ahmad, and Mukhtar as a result of action of green tea.
Green tea also protects against psoralen UV-A-induced photochemical damage to the skin Zhao Jin and Yaping et al. Many cosmetics and skin care products have been recently supplemented with green tea, but more research in humans is needed to understand the true benefits.
Black tea may also play a role in the prevention of skin tumors. It appears that theaflavins are the components active in chemoprevention Nomura et al. Several studies provide evidence that topical application of the constituents of black tea can decrease UV-B-induced erythema, inhibit tumor initiation, and act as an antitumor promoter Javed, Mehrotra, and Shukla ; Zhao Zhang and Jin et al.
Oral administration of black tea was also found to inhibit tumor proliferation and promote tumor apoptosis in nonmalignant and malignant skin tumors Lu et al. A survey of older patients compared tea consumption and history of squamous cell carcinoma.
There was a lower risk of squamous cell carcinoma in patients who regularly consumed hot black tea than in nonconsumers Hakim, Harris, and Weisgerber Different studies comparing the effectiveness of black and green teas in protecting against UV-induced skin tumors give conflicting findings as to which is more beneficial Wang et al.
Caffeinated teas seem to be more protective than decaffeinated teas, and caffeine by itself has some inhibitory effects on UV-B-induced carcinogenesis Wang et al. Podophyllin, used to treat condyloma acuminata, is extracted from the root of the American mayapple Podophyllum peltatum; Fleming It should not be used during pregnancy and is Class 2b externally and toxic internally McGuffin et al.
Commission E approves bittersweet nightshade S. dulcamara , Classes 2b and 2c, and oat straw A. sativa , Class 1, for the treatment of common warts McGuffin et al.
Calotropis Calotropis procera is used in India, and greater celandine Chelidonium majus , Classes 2b, 2c, and 2d McGuffin et al. Bittersweet nightshade and celandine should also be avoided in pregnancy and while breast-feeding Fleming Ginkgo G. biloba was found to be effective in a small study for treating limited, slowly spreading vitiligo Parsad, Pandhi, and Juneja Caution should be used when ginkgo is taken orally, as there have been reports of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, as well as increased bleeding time Fleming ; but the herb is included in Class 1 McGuffin et al.
Psoralens, such as the furanocoumarins derived from A. majus and related plants that produce 8-methoxy-psoralen, when applied topically or taken orally, intercalate with DNA.
By thus reducing inflammatory cells while stimulating melanogenesis, the treatment often induces repigmentation of vitiliginous skin. Aloe vera A. vera leaves produce a gel and a juice or latex. The gel is obtained from the central core of the leaf and has been used topically for centuries for the treatment of wounds and burns.
The juice or latex is a bitter yellow fluid extracted from the inner leaf skin and is generally sold dried as a powder that has very potent laxative effects Peirce, Fargis, and Scordato Several case reports and animal studies demonstrate that aloe vera decreases burning, itching, and scarring associated with radiation dermatitis Klein and Penneys Aloe vera was also found to accelerate healing of chronic leg ulcers, surgically induced wounds, and frostbite.
The mechanism of action has been studied in vivo in animal studies. Aloe vera decreases thromboxane A 2 , thromboxane B 2 , and prostaglandin 2α, which cause vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.
By increasing dermal perfusion, tissue loss from ischemia is reduced Klein and Penneys In vitro studies have also demonstrated a carboxypeptidase that inactivates bradykinin, decreasing pain at the treatment site Fujita and Shosike Salicylic acid present in aloe vera acts as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting prostaglandin production Robinson, Heggers, and Hagstrom Magnesium lactate is also present in aloe vera and is thought to be antipruritic by inhibiting histidine decarboxylase, which controls the conversion of histidine to histamine in mast cells Klein and Penneys Reduction in inflammation is also thought to result from the immunomodulatory properties of the gel polysaccharides present, especially the acetylated mannans Reynolds and Dweck Aloe vera also demonstrates bactericidal and antifungal activity in vitro.
The main adverse effect of topical aloe vera gel is that it causes allergic contact dermatitis. There are also reports of delayed healing after laparotomy or a Cesarean section.
Taken orally, aloe vera is considered very safe when used properly. It is Class 1 internally and Class 2d externally McGuffin et al. Asiaticoside in low concentrations has been found to enhance the healing of burn wounds, with evidence suggesting that enhanced angiogenesis may occur as a result of stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production Kimura et al.
Honey has been used topically for centuries to assist healing of wounds, including burns, decubitus ulcers, and infected wounds Greenwood It has been found in vitro to have antibacterial and antifungal activity against organisms that commonly infect surgical wounds Efam and Udoh A study was performed on nine infants with large, open, culture-positive postoperative wound infections for whom standard treatment consisting of appropriate intravenous antibiotics and cleansing with chlorhexidine for more than 14 days had failed.
The wounds were then treated with 5—10 mL of fresh, unprocessed honey twice a day. There was marked clinical improvement by day 5, and by day 21, the wounds were all closed, clean, and sterile Vardi et al. The honey-treated wounds healed statistically earlier, with a mean of There have been no reports of significant adverse effects, although there are reports of contact dermatitis to honey Efam Marigold Calendula officinalis has been used topically since ancient times and is approved by the German regulatory authority Commission E as an antiseptic and for wound healing Bisset and Wichtl A topical preparation of marigold continues to be recommended for the treatment of wounds, ulcers, burns, boils, rashes, chapped hands, herpes zoster, and varicose veins.
Marigold gargles are used for mouth and throat inflammation Peirce Marigold is also widely used as a topical treatment for diaper dermatitis and other mild skin inflammations Brown and Dattner The treatment consists of an application several times a day of an ointment or a cream made by mixing 2—5 g of the flower heads with g of ointment.
A gargle or lotion is made by mixing 1—2 tsp 5—10 mL of tincture with 0. The main adverse event is allergic contact dermatitis. No serious adverse effects have been reported, and it is considered safe to use both topically and orally.
The anti-inflammatory effects of marigold are ascribed to the presence of triterpenoids. In animal studies, Calendula was suggested to stimulate granulation and increase glycoproteins and collagen at wound sites Brown and Dattner Marigold also shows in vitro antimicrobial and immune-modulating properties Peirce There are many herbs containing tannins that act as astringents, helping to dry oozing and bleeding wounds.
Some of the more commonly reported tannin-containing herbs that may be helpful for the topical treatment of wounds include English walnut leaf, goldenrod, Labrador tea, lavender, mullein, oak bark, rhatany, Chinese rhubarb, St. Herbal therapies vary greatly in their safety class ratings.
For example, some are consumed as foods and have high safety ratings, whereas others are highly biologically active and toxic and must be used very carefully. The safety classes of the herbs mentioned in this chapter are addressed in each section, and further discussion of interactions of herbal therapies that may be encountered in dermatology is detailed in the remaining sections of the chapter.
Many cutaneous reactions to herbal preparations have been reported, with the most common cutaneous adverse event being allergic contact dermatitis. More serious cutaneous reactions have been reported. Bullous and nodular lichen planus were reported to be induced by ingestion of native African herbal medicines Soyinka A young woman was also described with leukemia-related Sweet syndrome elicited by a pathergic response to topical arnica cream Delmonte et al.
Serious systemic adverse effects have been reported with the use of TCM herbal mixtures for the treatment of dermatologic disorders. The most common are hepatotoxic effects. Although most patients recover without serious consequences as long as the medication is stopped, there have been reports of patients with acute liver failure leading even to death.
There are also reports of renal failure and agranulocytosis Graham-Brown ; Mostefa-Kara et al. One patient was described with adult respiratory distress syndrome after administration of a TCM, kamisyoyo-san, for seborrheic dermatitis Shota et al.
A patient was reported with reversible dilated cardiomyopathy after receiving treatment for her atopic dermatitis with a Chinese herbal tea Ferguson, Chalmers, and Rowlands There are also reports of Chinese and Indian herbal medicines containing as contaminants heavy metals, such as lead, arsenic, and mercury.
Prescription medications have also been found in over-the-counter herbal formulations from other countries. Some herbs are mislabeled or misidentified.
There are many possible drug interactions with herbs and prescription medications. It is crucial for patients to share information about what herbs, supplements, and other over-the-counter remedies they are taking or applying to their skin with their physicians.
The most important drug interactions in the dermatologic setting are the immune-upmodulating effects of Echinacea, Astragalus , licorice, alfalfa sprouts, and vitamin E, and zinc may decrease the efficacy of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants Miller Some herbs are reported to cause hepatic damage, and they should not be used in combination with medications such as methotrexate.
These include many of the ingredients in TCM preparations, as well as Echinacea , chaparral, germander, ragwort, and life root Ferguson, Chalmers, and Rowlands ; Borins Herbs containing y-linolenic acid, such as evening primrose oil, which has been used for treating dermatitis, psoriasis, and xerosis, lower the seizure threshold; thus, dosages of anticonvulsants may need to be increased Ferguson, Chalmers, and Rowlands Rue Ruta graveolens and other herbs containing psoralens can cause phototoxic reactions externally on the skin Eickhorst, Deleo, and Csaposs In addition to making them aware of the adverse effects already discussed, patients should be counseled on the relative lack of regulation for herbal medicines.
There are minimal quality-control requirements currently in place in the United States to ensure the purity, concentration, or safety of herbal supplements.
Although herb manufacturers are restricted from making efficacy statements, there are no regulations on claims for what symptoms these herbs can alleviate. In the United States, there are also minimal regulations on which herbs can be restricted in formulations Shaw Herbs may affect blood coagulation.
A number of medicinal herbs contain coumarin, salicylate, or other platelet-inhibiting substances that can increase the risk of interoperative and postoperative bleeding.
Some coumarin-containing herbs include danshen Salvia miltiorrhiza , dong quai Angelica sinensis , horse chestnut bark Aesculius hippocastanum , sweet clover M.
officinalis , sweet vernal Anthoxanthum odoratum , sweet-scented bedstraw Galium triflorum , tonka beans Dipteryx odorata , vanilla leaf Trilisa odoratissima , and woodruff Asperula odorata.
Salicylate-containing herbs include black cohosh Cimifuga racemosa , meadowsweet Spirea ulmaria , poplar bark Populus spp. Other platelet function inhibitors include bromelain Ananas comosus , cayenne C. frutescens , Chinese skullcap Scutullaria baicalensis , feverfew Tanacetum parthenium , garlic A.
sativum , ginger Zingiber officinale , ginkgo G. biloba , ginseng Panex ginseng , onion A. cepa , papain Carica papaya , reishi fruit Ganoderma lucidum , and turmeric C. longa; Pribitkin Herbs may also affect blood pressure. Potentially hypertensive plants include black cohosh, ephedra or ma huang Ephedra spp.
glabra , and yohimbe Pausinystalia yohimbe. Potentially hypotensive plants include garlic Pribitkin Further research into the efficacy, safety, optimal uses, and standardization of herbal remedies is clearly needed. Inhibiting factors in the United States include the nonpatentability of herbal materials in a system in which the typical costs of double-blind testing for Food and Drug Administration FDA approval of drugs range in the millions of dollars, requiring patentability for private enterprises to attain a profit.
Since herbal remedies currently remain in the category of dietary supplements, a different mechanism of funding for research is needed. The funding for complementary and alternative medicines research provided through the National Institutes of Health is meager compared with private and public funding of research for conventional drugs.
Many herbal therapies have been used for centuries, which show good anecdotal results. A few randomized, controlled trials have also demonstrated significant results in the use of herbal therapies for the treatment of dermatologic disorders.
Some countries, such as Germany, now require standardization of herbal preparations and specific recommendations as to the use and efficacy of herbs in the treatment of disease. It is important to know what common herbal alternatives exist and which potential adverse effects or interactions can occur to permit more effective counseling of patients.
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Show details Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S, editors. Search term. Chapter 18 Herbal Treatment for Dermatologic Disorders Philip D. A cne Fruit acids, such as citric, gluconic, gluconolactone, glycolic, malic, and tartaric acids, used topically have demonstrated some effectiveness in treating acne because of their exfoliative properties.
A lopecia Essential oils have been studied in a randomized, controlled, double-blind study of 86 patients with alopecia areata Hey, Jamieson, and Ormerod B acterial And F ungal I nfections Of S kin Garlic Allium sativum contains ajoene, which has been demonstrated to exhibit antifungal activity.
D ermatitis Arnica is derived from the dried flowers of Arnica montana or other arnica species. H erpes S implex Lemon balm Melissa officinalis is a lemon-scented member of the mint family. H erpes Z oster Capsaicin, the main ingredient in cayenne pepper Capiscum frutescens , Class 1 internally but Class 2d externally; McGuffin et al.
H yperhidrosis By precipitating surface proteins, topical tannins can reduce the openings of sweat ducts and thus reduce sweating locally. P ruritus Camphor is derived from the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Classes 2b and 2d distillate of the wood McGuffin et al.
P soriasis Aloe vera Aloe vera , which is Class 1 internally and Class 2d externally McGuffin et al. P sychosomatic Depression and anxiety can cause skin problems. S cabies Anise Pimpinella anisum seeds are a source of an essential oil that displays antibacterial and insecticidal activity in vitro and is used topically to treat scabies and head lice.
S kin C ancer Red ginseng Panax ginseng is a classic TCM. V erruca V ulgaris And C ondyloma A ccuminata Podophyllin, used to treat condyloma acuminata, is extracted from the root of the American mayapple Podophyllum peltatum; Fleming V itiligo Ginkgo G. W ounds And B urns Aloe vera A. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF HERBAL TH ERAPY Herbal therapies vary greatly in their safety class ratings.
RESEARCH NEEDS Further research into the efficacy, safety, optimal uses, and standardization of herbal remedies is clearly needed. Botanicals for chronic venous insufficiency.
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Herbal uerbal has its Sports psychology and mindset training in Pomegranate smoothie bowl recipes cultures. It involves the medicinal use Aletrnative plants to treat disease and enhance Sports psychology and mindset training health treayments wellbeing. Some herbs have potent powerful ingredients and should be taken with the same level of caution as pharmaceutical medications. In fact, many pharmaceutical medications are based on man-made versions of naturally occurring compounds found in plants. For instance, the heart medicine digitalis was derived from the foxglove plant.
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