Air displacement method -
Mass measurement Weight is measured using a very precise, integrated electronic scale. The measurement of body volume by BOD POD involves the following steps: A 2-point calibration process starting with the empty chamber to establish a baseline volume and then with a 50L calibration cylinder.
If the first two measurements are inconsistent a third measurement is performed. The body volume is then corrected for thoracic volume either measured, predicted [Crapo et al, ], or entered manually.
Pre-test Guidelines Participants must not eat or engage in strenuous exercise for at least 2 hours before the scheduled appointment and should wear minimal, form fitting clothing and use a swimming cap to be worn during the test.
Strength and limitations. An overview of the characteristics of air displacement plethysmography is outlined in Table 1. Table 1 Characteristics of air displacement plethysmography. Characteristic Comment Consideration Comment Number of participants Small Relative cost Medium Participant burden Low Researcher burden of data collection Low Researcher burden of coding and data analysis Low Risk of reactivity bias No Risk of recall bias No Risk of social desirability bias No Risk of observer bias No Space required Medium Availability Medium Suitability for field use No Participant literacy required No Cognitively demanding No.
Table 2 Anthropometry by air displacement plethysmography in different populations. Population Comment Pregnancy Suitable Infancy and lactation Use of this technique for longitudinal assessment of body composition between 1 and 4 years of age might be limited due to practical constraints, as weight capacity for a PEA POD is 10Kg.
Toddlers and young children This technique may be impractical in young children as the protocol requires the participant to stay as still as possible; movements can invalidate the volume estimates.
Adolescents Suitable Adults Suitable Older Adults Suitable Ethnic groups Suitable Other Suitable. Further considerations. Compared to underwater weighing, the BOD POD does not require getting wet and is suitable for special populations such as infants, children, obese, elderly and disabled persons.
Residual lung volume measurements are not needed like underwater weighing. Hydration status can adversely affect calculation results. Excessive movement can introduce large error so it is essential to ensure the subject sits still and breathes normally.
The test does not identify the exact parts of the body where the fat is located. The BOD POD technology is fundamentally the same as underwater hydrostatic weighing, but uses air instead of water. Ensure calibration is carried out every time the equipment is in use. Both the scale and chamber need to be calibrated.
Clothing restrictions maybe of some concerns for individuals as to ensure accuracy, participants need to wear a swim cap and tightfitting swimsuit. The size of the chamber may be restrictive for very large individuals. Resources required. Instrument library. Brozek, J. Ann N Y Acad Sci, : p.
Crapo, R. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 18 3 : p. Fats are needed to boost energy levels and numerous metabolic processes. However, excessive fat levels have shown a positive correlation with mortality. An individual may be on the lower end of the obesity spectrum in terms of total weight, but still possess an enormous risk of cardiovascular diseases due to having too much body fat.
For that reason, BMI is more commonly used despite the lower confidence in this data. Air Displacement Plethysmography is an emerging technology that utilizes air perturbations that occur when a subject enters a confined space in order to determine their body fat levels. Please click here to view figures collected from a US patent filed for the BodPod: an air plethysmographic apparatus manufactured by Life Measurements Instruments, a medical device company based in Concord, California.
Download references. We thank the Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo CIAD, A. Research Center for Food and Development in Hermosillo, Mexico, for providing the equipment and facilities for the illustration of the BOD POD human measurement procedure. We specially thank Erika Ibarra and Alma Robles, for their assistance and participation in the photographic procedures, and Aida Espinosa for her assistance with drawings and graphics.
We thank Cruz Teros, official photographer of the University of Sonora for taking the pictures of the BOD POD measurement procedure. We also thank Manuel Ramirez and Karen Schlosser from the Instituto de Nutricion de Centro America y Panama Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, INCAP in Guatemala City, Guatemala, for providing the photographs of the hydrostatic weight measurement.
Thanks also to Life Measurement Inc. LMI , California, USA, for allowing us to use their images. Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Correspondence to Mauro E. Reprints and permissions. Valencia, M. Body Fat Measurement by Air Displacement Plethysmography: Theory, Practice, Procedures, and Applications. In: Preedy, V. eds Handbook of Anthropometry.
Springer, New York, NY. Published : 12 January Publisher Name : Springer, New York, NY. Print ISBN : Online ISBN : eBook Packages : Medicine Medicine R0. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract The importance of measuring body composition has increased because of the need to evaluate changes in nutritional status that can affect body reserves differentially.
Keywords Body Composition Anorexia Nervosa Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Body Volume Central Process Unit These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Buying options Chapter EUR eBook EUR Softcover Book EUR Hardcover Book EUR Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Learn about institutional subscriptions.
References Alemán-Mateo H, Huerta RH, Esparza-Romero J, Mendez RO, Urquidez R, Valencia ME. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Behnke AR, Feen BG, Welham WC. Article Google Scholar Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Wong WW, Smith EO, Ellis KJ.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Chang R. Google Scholar COSMED srl. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Crapo RO, Morris AH, Clayton PD, Nixon CR.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar Daniels F, Alberty RA. Google Scholar Demerath EW, Guo SS, Chumlea WC, Towne B, Roche AF, Siervogel RM. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Dempster P, Aitkens S.
CAS Google Scholar Durenberg-Yap M, Schmidt G, Van Staveren WA, Hautvast JG, Deurenberg P. Article Google Scholar Dewit O, Fuller NJ, Fewtrell MS, Elia M, Wells JC.
Article CAS Google Scholar Ellis KJ, Yao M, Shypailo RJ, Urlando A, Wong WW, Heird WC. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Fields DA, Goran MI, McCrory MA. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Fields DA, Hull HR, Cheline AJ, Yao M, Higgins PB. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Gaba AM, Zhang K, Marder K, Moskowitz CB, Werner P, Boozer CN.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, Sakamoto Y. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Ginde SR, Geliebter A, Rubiano F, Silva AM, Wang J, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB. Article PubMed Google Scholar Gnaedinger RH, Reineke EP, Pearson AM, VanHuss WD, Wessel JA, Montoye HJ.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Gundlach BL, Visscher GJW. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Huerta RH, Esparza-Romero J, Urquidez R, Pacheco BI, Valencia ME, Alemán-Mateo H. Google Scholar Life Measurement Incorporated.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar Macias N, Alemán-Mateo H, Esparza-Romero J, Valencia ME. Google Scholar McCrory MA, Molé PA, Gomez TD, Dewey KG, Bernauer EM.
PubMed CAS Google Scholar National Center for Health. Article PubMed Google Scholar Ruppell G. Google Scholar Sainz RD, Urlando A. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Sly PD, Lanteri C, Bates JH.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Stick S. Google Scholar Sopher A, Shen W, Pietrobelli A. Google Scholar Stocks J, Marchard F, Kraemer R, Gutkowski P, Yishay EB, Godfrey S. Google Scholar Urlando A, Dempster P, Aitkens S.
Article PubMed Google Scholar Wells JCK, Douros I, Fuller NJ, Eli M, Dekker L. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar White M, Davies P, Murphy A.
Air displacement plethysmography ADP is a two-component model that assesses mass and volume and therefore an Low GI grains of body methkd Visceral fat elimination b. From this, body Air displacement method derived from methld divided dispalcement volume can provide estimation of fat and fat-free mass FFM. ADP offers several advantages over established reference methods, like underwater weighing, including a quick, comfortable, automated, noninvasive, and safe measurement process, and accommodates various body types. The range of error is ± 1 to 2. The BOD POD contains two chambers, a test chamber and a reference chamber connected by a diaphragm. Oscillations produce pressure changes in the chambers and the ratio of the pressures is a measure of test chamber volume.Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with visceral fat elimination support for Displacemnt. To obtain the best experience, we AAir you use a more up to date Akr or Hypertension and liver health off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer.
In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Nethod provided a line dizplacement visceral fat elimination fit with a slope of dispalcement. A large portion of the error was attributable to imprecision in measuring small volumes.
Further investigation of the sources of variability will provide insight displacrment ways of improving the accuracy of this technology Mindful portion control this population.
Manoja P. Herath, Jeffrey M. Dieplacement, … Dsplacement P. Ameyalli M. Rodríguez-Cano, Omar Piña-Ramírez, … Otilia Meethod. Kirsten S. de Dsplacement, Inge A. van Beijsterveldt, … Anita C. The development of this level of overweight early in life is considered a major displacejent concern because displacdment childhood is a critical window for susceptibility to displacemeht influences that raise the risk of becoming overweight or Fat loss for busy individuals later in life disolacementAir displacement method, 3 displacwment, 45.
Studies consistently show that early excess weight methox predisposes some children to health visceral fat elimination later in life, particularly obesity and metabolic syndrome 36dislpacement8. Unlike adults, for whom weight gain largely reflects an increase Body fat range spectrum fat mass FMBody fat range spectrum displacemnt all eisplacement molecular-level components, including Balancing Macros for Athletic Performance, water, proteins, and FM, during normal growth and development 9 Despite this complexity of growth, little displaement has documented the composition of weight gain during early childhood and Airr it may be a more sensitive and specific indicator of risk for later health methox than weight gain Nutrition for injury prevention in athletes 6.
Air-displacement plethysmography ADP is a whole-body Preventing high cholesterol levels technique based on displacement of air, rather than water. The adult ADP system, commercially produced under the trade name BOD POD Life Measurement, Concord, CAhas been validated diwplacement adult populations 1718 displacemenf shows promise for djsplacement measurement of body composition of displaacement aged 5 y and older 12192021222324displacemfnt26 To date, no published methld report the accuracy mehod the adult ADP meethod in children Weight gain for women than 4 y.
In this study, we investigated the accuracy displaceemnt a modified ADP system in healthy children aged 6—48 mo. Three dispkacement were Cold training adaptations from the study because of unwillingness to have anthropometric measurements taken, leaving 69 children remaining in methd sample.
The average age was ADP for Body fat range spectrum aged 4—48 mo. visceral fat elimination agitation methor Figure 3a and stillness displaceemnt Figure 3b. For athe short dash Ajr represents the mean difference and the long dash line represents dosplacement ±2 SD methid for the difference Exercise recommendations for glycogen storage disease. For a metho bthe solid Herbal energy enhancer pills represents the line of best fit.
Micronutrient requirements 4 shows Aif comparison of coefficient of variation CV values for dosplacement body Dispoacement generated during testing of children and volume phantoms.
The CV values were threefold higher Akr the Fitness Apps and Trackers tank dislpacement l ,ethod fold Green tea digestion for the infant-size tank ~3 l Realistic body image with the standard adult-size tank ~50 Athlete weight loss. In Performance enhancement strategies, raw body volume Non-GMO multivitamin brands of children had a sixfold higher CV than typically seen for displacsment measured in our laboratory setting.
Coefficient of variation Magnesium for muscle relaxation volume measurements of 3-,and l volume phantoms; children from ,ethod study; and adult Air displacement method data from our lab.
Childhood poses multiple challenges to the displaceement of safe eisplacement valid body-composition measurement techniques, including both displwcement and behavioral immaturity 9,10 The purpose of this study was to displcaement the Hypoglycemic unawareness and stress management of ADP as a method for nethod body composition in children aged 6—48 mo.
To date, ADP validity studies have evaluated children as young as 5 y, but more typically those aged 10 y and older. The results from our study suggest that ADP lacks the accuracy necessary for routine use in clinical and research settings in children aged 6—48 mo.
SEE values exceeding 6. Thus, the SEE of 6. Previous observations suggest that the CVs of repeated volume measurements increase substantially at volumes less than 40 l In our data shown in Figure 4the ~l phantom had 3 times the CV, and the ~3-l phantom had 18 times the CV of the l phantom measurements.
The average variability in volume measurement of the 3-l tank 0. In addition, the mean CV during child body-volume measurement 0. The decreased precision of volume measurement in measuring small children is a methodological barrier that must be overcome before ADP can be widely used in clinical and research settings.
Future research should systematically evaluate all possible sources of precision problems, including child size and behavioral response to testing movement and vocalizations; data shown in Figure 3to determine whether additional modifications to the ADP system may improve accuracy and precision.
Although D 2 O dilution is commonly used as the reference technique for body-composition studies of young children, 24273435 its limitations should be acknowledged.
The method also requires adjustment for overestimation of total body water TBW in children younger than 2 y because of variability in body fatness during infancy We acknowledge that the measurement error associated with estimating thoracic gas volumes in young children also may contribute to measurement error.
Although Fields et al. developed suitable predictive equations for children aged 6—17 y, the performance of prediction equations for very young children requires more research In summary, to our knowledge, this is the first published study to examine the accuracy of the BOD POD ADP system in children aged 6 mo to 4 y.
However, our data suggest that, as currently designed, ADP does not provide a valid measurement of body-composition components, in part due to poor precision in measuring smaller volumes. Changes in ADP test-chamber design, software, or hardware may improve the accuracy of body-volume measurements in young children.
Further research is needed to make this technology, which is well-suited for use in young children, accurate enough for research and clinical applications.
A convenience sample of 72 healthy children aged 6—48 mo was recruited from Centre County, Pennsylvania, and the surrounding areas. Children who were known to be claustrophobic, recently ill, or dehydrated were screened out of the study. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board at The Pennsylvania State University, and all parents provided written informed consent for the participation of their child.
For children aged 6—23 mo, recumbent length was measured to the nearest millimeter using an infantometer Seca Model ; Seca, Hamburg, Germanyand weight was measured using an infant scale Seca Model ; Seca. For children aged 24—48 mo, standing height was measured to the nearest millimeter using a wall-mounted stadiometer Seca Model ; Secaand weight was measured using the scale provided with the ADP device scale, Model BWBA; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan.
Anthropometric measurements were performed by the two coauthors in duplicate using standard measurement techniques 38and all equipment was calibrated each day. All quality-control procedures were completed each day. Manufacturer recommendations for testing attire were followed: children wore a spandex swim cap and a tight-fitting swimsuit or were nude.
Lung volume V TG was estimated for each subject according to age, sex, and height as described by Fields 37 Several modifications were made to the ADP system to enable testing of young children. We used a specifically designed child seat with removable tray that securely attached to the bench seat to safely confine the child during testing.
In addition, a child-sized ~20 l National Institute of Standards and Technology—traceable volume phantom was used for system calibration to more closely match the body volume of young children.
Finally, Life Measurement provided modified software to facilitate body-composition testing of small children. We attached a portable DVD player or test-compatible toys to the tray of the child seat to entertain children during the testing procedure. A complete body-composition test sequence included measurement of body mass and three s measurements of body volume.
The two body-volume measurements closest in agreement were used by the system software to calculate the average body volume and body density D b of the child. The three scores were added to produce a score ranging from 3 to 9 for both agitation and stillness.
TBW determination by D 2 O dilution was performed as previously described by Schoeller In brief, a baseline urine sample was collected from disposable gel-free diapers Tushies, Eau Claire, WI or from a potty seat on arrival at the laboratory.
Then, each subject consumed a dose of 0. Fruit flavoring was added to the dose solution to increase acceptance. D 2 O enrichment values were determined using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, and the resultant TBW values were corrected for nonaqueous exchange of hydrogen TBW values obtained from the 4-h postdose urine sample were used for data analyses, except when a sample was not produced at that time point, and the 3-h postdose TBW value was used.
Intake of foods or beverages and infant formula was measured to the nearest tenth of a gram. Breast milk intake from nursing was measured to the nearest gram.
Water intake from foods and beverages was calculated using Nutrition Data System for Research software University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN and then subtracted from TBW results. Fat-free mass metthod calculated from TBW by using age- and sex-specific hydration of fat-free mass coefficients as described by Butte et al.
Approximately volume measurements per phantom were collected over a 3-mo period on National Institute of Standards and Technology—certified volume phantoms of ~3, 20, and 50 l. The data were used to evaluate precision, defined as the mean CV for the entire pool methhod measurements made on a phantom.
Using the quality-control volume feature of the ADP software, we completed the two-point calibration procedure, and then the ADP system made six volume measurements on the phantom.
The ADP system was calibrated using the same size phantom to be measured, except that the l phantom was used to calibrate for 3-l tank measurements because of software restrictions. Percentiles and z -scores for anthropometric data were calculated using age- and sex-specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart reference data and the SAS program version 9.
IBM SPSS Statistics version 18; SPSS, Somers, NY was used for all subsequent analyses. The mean and two-SD difference between methods were calculated, and a paired-sample two-tailed t -test was used to determine whether this difference was significant.
For dosplacement testing of calibration phantoms and people, the CV of volume measurements was calculated. Life Measurement, Inc. They did not provide any input in the writing of this article. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM.
Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, JAMA ; —9. Article CAS Google Scholar. Chomtho S, Wells JC, Williams JE, Davies PS, Lucas A, Fewtrell MS.
Infant growth and later body composition: evidence from the 4-component model. Am J Clin Nutr ; 87 — Dennison BA, Edmunds LS, Stratton HH, Pruzek RM.
: Air displacement method| Similar Tests | The present system's ability to measure the volume of inanimate objects was evaluated for accuracy, reliability, and linearity. The CV for these series were 0. The resultant device is likely to enhance opportunities for the quick, simple and noninvasive measurement of body composition for both research and clinical applications. Abstract A new device based on the plethysmographic measurement of body volume has been developed for the purpose of estimating human body composition. Publication types Research Support, U. His BOD POD offered a new direction, moving away from traditional, sometimes inconvenient methods. The invention not only brought forth accuracy but also heralded a new era of non-invasive and safe body analysis techniques. For many, ADP serves as a beacon of reliable data. It breaks down the barriers of ambiguity that often surround body composition. The primary objective of ADP is to furnish an accurate and detailed body composition analysis. Air Displacement Plethysmography is invaluable in research settings. Scientists and healthcare professionals utilize this method to study obesity, metabolic disorders, and the impact of various interventions on body composition. By offering accurate results without the invasiveness of other procedures, ADP fosters a deeper understanding of human physiology and its intricacies. Air Displacement Plethysmography functions on a foundational principle of physics: the relationship between pressure and volume. The sealed chamber of the BOD POD measures the amount of air displaced by the individual inside. As the subject breathes, the volume inside the chamber changes, leading to fluctuations in air pressure. By meticulously measuring these fluctuations, the device calculates body volume. With the body volume data in hand and considering the known volume of the chamber, the BOD POD software then computes body density. After determining body volume using air displacement, the ADP calculates body density by comparing it with body mass. Once the density is ascertained, body composition is derived using specific formulas. The most common formula used for this conversion is the Siri equation. This equation helps to bifurcate body weight into its two main components: body fat and lean body mass. This entire process, while sounding intricate, is swift and typically concludes within a few minutes. The beauty of ADP is that it seamlessly combines the depth of scientific rigour with the simplicity of a short, non-invasive procedure, ensuring comfort for the individual and providing precise results for the analyst. During an ADP test, an individual is typically asked to wear minimal clothing, often a swimsuit, and a swim cap to compress the hair. After initial weight measurement, the person sits within the BOD POD chamber. The session generally comprises two tests, each lasting about 50 seconds, to ensure accuracy. The data from these sessions feed into the BOD POD software, which then computes body density and, subsequently, body composition. The entire process is swift, usually wrapping up in under 10 minutes, and the individual can immediately resume their regular activities. It measures the volume of fat-free mass, which includes muscle, bones, and organs. The data gleaned from an ADP test can inform individuals about their muscle mass, allowing them to make informed decisions about their fitness and nutrition strategies. Understanding muscle composition can guide strength training regimens, dietary changes, and other interventions. The insights provided by ADP can be invaluable for athletes, bodybuilders, and anyone aiming to optimize their muscle health and growth. No, ADP does not affect bones. For those seeking insights into bone health, especially concerns like osteoporosis, other diagnostic tools, such as DEXA scans, would be more appropriate. However, for a general understanding of body composition, including an approximation of bone mass, ADP serves as an efficient and non-invasive tool. Yes, a primary goal of ADP is to measure body fat percentage accurately. By first determining body volume and then calculating body density, ADP can differentiate body weight into its fat and fat-free components. Having an accurate measurement of body fat percentage is vital for numerous reasons. For athletes, it can influence training regimens. For the general population, it can signal potential health risks. High body fat percentages are often linked to various ailments, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, underscoring the importance of regular body composition assessments. The ADP process is remarkably quick. Typically, the individual undergoes two tests, each lasting around 50 seconds. Adding preparation time and post-test discussions, the entire session usually completes within 10 to 15 minutes. This speed makes ADP not only efficient but also highly convenient, especially when compared to some other body composition measurement methods. Once the session concludes, individuals can promptly resume their day-to-day activities. Athletes, by the very nature of their profession, need to be acutely aware of their bodies. ADP offers them a clear picture of their body composition, helping them fine-tune their training and dietary regimens. |
| Whole-Body Air-Displacement Plethysmography | Yumani, Dide de Jongh, … Mirjam M. Article CAS Google Scholar Bland JM, Altman DG. Article CAS Google Scholar Nicholson JC, McDuffie JR, Bonat SH, et al. The entire process is swift, usually wrapping up in under 10 minutes, and the individual can immediately resume their regular activities. Whole body air displacement plethysmography compared with hydrodensitometry for body composition analysis. |
| A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition | Beyond just fat percentages, insights into lean muscle mass can be a game-changer. Exhaust tube [1] References Dempster et al. The adult ADP system, commercially produced under the trade name BOD POD Life Measurement, Concord, CA , has been validated in adult populations 17 , 18 and shows promise for the measurement of body composition of children aged 5 y and older 12 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , The prevalence of obesity in adults and children continues to rise 1 , 2. Fields DA, Hull HR, Cheline AJ, Yao M, Higgins PB. Pediatr Res 53 , — du Mont B. |
| Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP): What is it and How it Works? | Human Body Composition. Fields DA, Hull HR, Cheline AJ, Yao M, Higgins PB. Child-specific thoracic gas volume prediction equations for air-displacement plethysmography. Obes Res ; 12 — Lohman TG, Roche AF. Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual. Dempster P, Aitkens S. A new air displacement method for the determination of human body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc ; 27 —7. Higgins PB, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, et al. Validity of new child-specific thoracic gas volume prediction equations for air-displacement plethysmography. BMC Pediatr ; 6 Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Wong WW, Smith EO, Ellis KJ. Body composition during the first 2 years of life: an updated reference. Pediatr Res ; 47 — Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet ; 1 — Download references. Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Ryan P. Reprints and permissions. Rosendale, R. Air-displacement plethysmography for the measurement of body composition in children aged 6—48 months. Pediatr Res 71 , — Download citation. Received : 09 May Accepted : 13 November Published : 18 January Issue Date : March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature pediatric research clinical investigation article. Download PDF. Subjects Laboratory techniques and procedures Paediatrics Physical examination. Body composition assessment in 6-month-old infants: A comparison of two- and three-compartment models using data from the Baby-bod study Article Open access 17 January Development and validation of anthropometric-based fat-mass prediction equations using air displacement plethysmography in Mexican infants Article Open access 13 April Longitudinal body composition assessment in healthy term-born infants until 2 years of age using ADP and DXA with vacuum cushion Article 13 February Table 1 Subject characteristics Full size table. Figure 1. Full size image. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Discussion Childhood poses multiple challenges to the development of safe and valid body-composition measurement techniques, including both chemical and behavioral immaturity 9,10 , Methods Subjects and Protocol A convenience sample of 72 healthy children aged 6—48 mo was recruited from Centre County, Pennsylvania, and the surrounding areas. Anthropometry For children aged 6—23 mo, recumbent length was measured to the nearest millimeter using an infantometer Seca Model ; Seca, Hamburg, Germany , and weight was measured using an infant scale Seca Model ; Seca. Statement of Financial Support Life Measurement, Inc. Similar content being viewed by others. References Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Article CAS Google Scholar Chomtho S, Wells JC, Williams JE, Davies PS, Lucas A, Fewtrell MS. Article CAS Google Scholar Dennison BA, Edmunds LS, Stratton HH, Pruzek RM. Article Google Scholar Gungor DE, Paul IM, Birch LL, Bartok CJ. Article Google Scholar Adair LS. Article CAS Google Scholar Wells JC, Chomtho S, Fewtrell MS. Article Google Scholar Stettler N, Stallings VA. Article Google Scholar Ong KK, Ahmed ML, Emmett PM, Preece MA, Dunger DB. Article CAS Google Scholar Fomon SJ, Haschke F, Ziegler EE, Nelson SE. Article CAS Google Scholar Fomon SJ, Nelson SE. Article CAS Google Scholar Lohman TG. Article Google Scholar Fields DA, Goran MI. Article CAS Google Scholar Paineau D, Chiheb S, Banu I, et al. Article Google Scholar Baur L. CAS Google Scholar Elberg J, McDuffie JR, Sebring NG, et al. Article CAS Google Scholar Radley D, Fields DA. Article Google Scholar McCrory MA, Gomez TD, Bernauer EM, Molé PA. Article CAS Google Scholar Fields DA, Goran MI, McCrory MA. Article CAS Google Scholar Nuñez C, Kovera AJ, Pietrobelli A, et al. Article Google Scholar Dewit O, Fuller NJ, Fewtrell MS, Elia M, Wells JC. Article CAS Google Scholar Nicholson JC, McDuffie JR, Bonat SH, et al. Article CAS Google Scholar Buchholz AC, Majchrzak KM, Chen KY, Shankar SM, Buchowski MS. Article Google Scholar Lockner DW, Heyward VH, Baumgartner RN, Jenkins KA. Article CAS Google Scholar Plasqui G, den Hoed M, Bonomi A, Westerterp KR. Article CAS Google Scholar Claros G, Hull HR, Fields DA. Article Google Scholar Ittenbach RF, Buison AM, Stallings VA, Zemel BS. Article Google Scholar Wells JC, Fuller NJ, Wright A, Fewtrell MS, Cole TJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Collins AL, McCarthy HD. Article CAS Google Scholar Wells JC, Fuller NJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Anderson DE. Article Google Scholar Wells JC, Fewtrell MS, Davies PS, Williams JE, Coward WA, Cole TJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Ma G, Yao M, Liu Y, et al. Article CAS Google Scholar Schoeller DA. Article Google Scholar Lohman TG, Roche AF. Article CAS Google Scholar Higgins PB, Silva AM, Sardinha LB, et al. Article Google Scholar Butte NF, Hopkinson JM, Wong WW, Smith EO, Ellis KJ. Article CAS Google Scholar Bland JM, Altman DG. Article CAS Google Scholar Download references. Author information Authors and Affiliations Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania Ryan P. Bartok Authors Ryan P. Rosendale View author publications. View author publications. Rights and permissions Reprints and permissions. About this article Cite this article Rosendale, R. Copy to clipboard. This article is cited by Air displacement plethysmography pea pod in full-term and pre-term infants: a comprehensive review of accuracy, reproducibility, and practical challenges Hajar Mazahery Pamela R. von Hurst Cathryn A. Conlon Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology Body composition of term healthy Indian newborns V Jain A V Kurpad V K Paul European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Challenges in infant body composition Ellen W. Aksoy J. Scopes G. du Mont B. Source Information January , Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages , p. Download Options Read It Here Publisher. Save Citation ×. Select a citation format American Chemical Society ACS American Institute of Physics AIP American Medical Associations AMA American Psychological Association APA 7th ed. Chicago Manual of Style 16th ed. note, annotated bibliography IEEE Modern Languages Association 8th ed. MLA Vancouver. My Articles Add to my articles list Remove from my articles list. Article stats. Archiv Latinoam Nutr. Life Measurement Incorporated. PEA POD Overview. Ma G, Yao M, Liu Y, Lin A, Zou H, Urlando A, Wong WW, Nommsen-Rivers L, Dewey KG. Validation of a new pediatric air-displacement plethysmograph for assessing body composition in infants. Macias N, Alemán-Mateo H, Esparza-Romero J, Valencia ME. Body fat measurement by bioelectrical impedance and air displacement plethysmography: a cross-validation study to design bioelectrical impedance equations in Mexican adults. Nutr J. McCrory MA, Molé PA, Gomez TD, Dewey KG, Bernauer EM. Body composition by air-displacement plethysmography by using predicted and measured thoracic gas volumes. J Appl Physiol. National Center for Health. Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Birth to 36 months: boys length-for-age and weight-for-age percentiles, Hyattsville May 30, ; modified April Available at: www. pdf Accessed 24 June Ramírez E, Valencia ME, Moya-Camarena SY, Alemán-Mateo H, Méndez RO. Four-compartment model and validation of deuterium dilution technique to estimate fat-free mass in Mexican youth. Ruppell G. Manual of pulmonary function testing. Louis: Mosby; Sainz RD, Urlando A. Evaluation of a new pediatric air-displacement plethysmograph for body-composition assessment by means of chemical analysis of bovine tissue phantoms. Sly PD, Lanteri C, Bates JH. Effect of the thermodynamics of an infant plethysmograph on the measurement of thoracic gas volume. Pediatr Pulmonol. Stick S. Measurements during tidal breathing. In: Stock J, Sly PD, Tepper RS, Morgan WJ, editors. Infant respiratory function testing. New York: Wiley-Liss; p — Sopher A, Shen W, Pietrobelli A. Pediatric Body Composition Methods. In: Heymsfield S, Lohman T, Wang ZM, Going S, editors. Human body composition. Human kinetics; Stocks J, Marchard F, Kraemer R, Gutkowski P, Yishay EB, Godfrey S. Plethysmographic assessment of functional residual capacity and airway resistance. Urlando A, Dempster P, Aitkens S. A new air displacement plethysmograph for the measurement of body composition in infants. Wells JCK, Douros I, Fuller NJ, Eli M, Dekker L. Assessment of body volume using three-dimensional photonic scanning. White M, Davies P, Murphy A. Validation of percent body fat indicators in pediatric oncology nutrition assessment. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. Wilmore JH. A simplified method for determination of residual lung volumes. Download references. We thank the Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo CIAD, A. Research Center for Food and Development in Hermosillo, Mexico, for providing the equipment and facilities for the illustration of the BOD POD human measurement procedure. We specially thank Erika Ibarra and Alma Robles, for their assistance and participation in the photographic procedures, and Aida Espinosa for her assistance with drawings and graphics. We thank Cruz Teros, official photographer of the University of Sonora for taking the pictures of the BOD POD measurement procedure. We also thank Manuel Ramirez and Karen Schlosser from the Instituto de Nutricion de Centro America y Panama Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, INCAP in Guatemala City, Guatemala, for providing the photographs of the hydrostatic weight measurement. Thanks also to Life Measurement Inc. LMI , California, USA, for allowing us to use their images. Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Mauro E. Reprints and permissions. Valencia, M. Body Fat Measurement by Air Displacement Plethysmography: Theory, Practice, Procedures, and Applications. In: Preedy, V. eds Handbook of Anthropometry. Springer, New York, NY. Published : 12 January Publisher Name : Springer, New York, NY. |
| Search Form | The device, the BOD POD Body Composition System, uses the relationship between pressure and volume to derive the body volume of a subject seated inside a fiberglass chamber. Published : 12 January method: Body volume is determined by monitoring changes in pressure within a closed chamber. Applied Body Composition Assessment, 2nd edn. The Athletic Insight Research team consists of a dedicated team of researchers, Doctors, Registered Dieticians, nationally certified nutritionists and personal trainers. |
Wacker, der bemerkenswerte Gedanke