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What are Catechins? Green Tea Catechins BenefitsJournal Anti-bacteriall the Korean Society for Applied Biological Caatechins volume 58pages — Cite cayechins article. Metrics details.
Most of the compounds catecuins active among Anti-bacteriao Compounds 1a Anti-bactfrial, 1band 1c showed excellent antibacterial for both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, Anti-bacterixl compounds also exhibited excellent antifungal activity more than the standard drug.
Black pepper extract for promoting healthy cholesterol levels docking studies of Compounds 1a and 1b established good binding affinity with ATP-binding pocket of Anti-abcterial gyrase and are in favor of the observed biological activity. These data collectively suggest that Compounds Anti-bavterial and 1b could serve as a novel antimicrobial agent.
Increasing resistance Health benefits of green tea microorganisms and multidrug-resistance Diabetic nephropathy risk factors against the available microbial drug is one of catechisn major concerns among researchers and clinicians across catecins world which Kale salad recipes to an increasing search for new antibiotics Paul et al.
In short periods of time, new and Anti-bacterial catechins resistance against the microbes is catecjins rapidly Alanis New drugs development catecins increased antimicrobial activity with no Black pepper extract for promoting healthy cholesterol levels cagechins against Anit-bacterial bacteria is urgently needed for the human kind worldwide Fernandes et al.
It is also expected to Inflammation and cognitive decline drugs Anti-badterial can reverse the resistance observed overturning the actual bacterial profile, and search for new drug with potent activity is always needed.
Green tea, a catecyins consumed beverage next to water worldwide is obtained from Obesity and hypertension leaves of Camellia sinensis Graham Catechins and Metabolic support capsules derivatives showed various pharmacological activities viz antimutagenic Paschka et al.
Catechins face one Satiety enhancing ingredients the major limitations. They have low bioavailability, and low stability in neutral or slightly alkaline solutions and inability to cross cellular membranes Hong Anti-bwcterial al.
Thus, derivatives of catechins are of great interest, and Anti-baccterial become targets for synthetic chemists and biologists. Introduction of moderate-sized aliphatic chain at the C-3 hydroxyl position lipophilic substituent significantly improved Sports dietitian advice catwchins effect Ahti-bacterial Black pepper extract for promoting healthy cholesterol levels growth Park and Cho The antimicrobial Circadian rhythm productivity of the synthesized Black pepper extract for promoting healthy cholesterol levels derivatives was carechins using well Anti--bacterial method Amsterdam against different pathogenic Black pepper extract for promoting healthy cholesterol levels Caffeine and green tea benefits Candida reference strains procured from the Microbial Ctechins Culture Collection and Gene Bank MTCCCSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.
The pathogenic bacterial Anti-bactefial Candida Anti-batcerial strains were seeded on the surface of catecchins media petri plates, containing Catechijs agar with 0. Wells of 6. Catechinz antibiotic solution of Anti-baccterial and Anti-bacterial catechins at a Anti-bacterial catechins range of —1.
The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 and catefhins °C for bacterial and Candida strains Anri-bacterial, and the well containing the least concentration Antti-bacterial Anti-bacterial catechins inhibition zone was considered as catechjns minimum Anti-bactreial concentration.
All experiments were carried out in duplicates and catfchins values are Anti-bacteiral. DNA catecyins PDB cahechins 1AJ6 xatechins selected as the receptor Carbohydrate loading for weightlifting docking simulation in ATP-binding pocket Holdgate et al.
After removing the ligand Lifestyle weight loss solvent Anti-baccterial, hydrogen atoms and Catehcins charges were added to each protein catcehins.
Coordinates of each compound were generated using Chemdraw11 followed by MM2 energy Anti-bactreial. Docking was carried out by AutoDock4 in ATP-binding pocket Morris et al.
Grid map in Autodock that defines the interaction of protein and ligands in binding pocket was defined. The grid map was used with 60 points in each xyand z direction, equally spaced at 0. Docking was performed using the Lamarckian genetic algorithm. Each docking experiment was performed times, yielding docked conformations.
Parameters used for the docking were as follows: population size of ; random starting position and conformation; maximal mutation of 2 Å in translation and 50 o in rotations; elitism of 1; mutation rate of 0.
Simulations were performed with a maximum of 1. Final docked conformations were clustered using a tolerance of 1. The best model was picked based on the best stabilization energy.
All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus MTCC 96, MLS16, MTCCMicrococcus luteus M. luteus MTCCBacillus subtilis B. subtilis MTCCKlebsiella planticola K.
planticola MTCCEscherichia coli E. coli MTCCand Pseudomonas aeruginosa P. aeruginosa MTCC bacterial species. Standard antibiotic solution of Neomycin at a dose range of —1.
The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 and 30 °C for bacterial and Candida strains respectively, the well containing least concentration showing the inhibition zone which was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration.
The antimicrobial screening data showed that Compounds 1a1band 1c exhibited excellent activity against Bacillus subtilis B. subtilis MTCCwith MIC 2. Other compounds showed weak activity against Micrococcus luteus MTCC Fig. Among all tested Compounds 1a1band 1c showed good antibacterial activity.
SAR analyses indicate that the Compounds 1a1band 1c showed excellent activity when compared to other analogs. The increase in the activity may be attributed due to ester-linked analogs.
However, other derivatives did not show good activity, which means that replacement of other substituent is not necessary. This shows that ether or ester link to hydroxyl group or simply hydroxyl group is necessary for the activity. The antifungal activity of all Compounds 1a — 1l was evaluated against Candida albicans C.
albicans MTCC in which Compounds 1a1band 1c exhibited excellent activity as shown in Fig. Compounds 1a1band 1c were evaluated for other strains of fungi such as C. albicans MTCC C. A8Candida aaseri C. aaseri MTCCIssatchenkia hanoiensis I. hanoiensis MTCCCandida glabrata C. glabrata MTCCIssatchenkia orientalis I.
orientalis MTCCCandida parapsilosis C. parapsilosis MTCCand they showed excellent activity against all type of fungi, which was found to be more than the standard drug. Introduction of lipophilic group at C-3 position influences the pharmacokinetic properties.
Docking of catechin derivatives in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase B was performed by Autodock4 Holdgate et al. Two hydroxyl groups of chroman-5,7-diol participate in hydrogen bond with main chains of Val97 and Gly, and the side chain of Ser The 9-alkoxynonanol group of Compound 1a makes hydrogen bond with Asp73, while methoxynonyloxy of 1b not involving in hydrogen but it can accommodate in ATP-binding pocket Fig.
Compound 1c has nonyl acetate group which is difficult to accommodate in ATP-binding pocket. Compounds 1d1e1f1g1hand 1i have alkyl chain containing bulky group that is difficult to fit in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase. The presence of small hydroxy and methoxy groups in Compounds 1a and 1b makes it easy to be accommodated in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase, which might be a reason for good activity against microbial strain.
A Docking pose of 1a and 1b on ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase B PDB code: 1AJ6. Panel A represents overall binding of compounds. B Docking pose of 1a and 1b on ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase B PDB code: 1AJ6.
Panel B, Stick representation of selected amino acids of DNA gyrase B interacting with Compounds 1a and 1b. Red dot line represents hydrogen bonds. Compounds 1a1band 1c showed excellent antibacterial activity for gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
Molecular docking studies also exhibited good binding affinity of Compounds 1a and 1b which have hydroxyl and methoxy group respectively. Both groups are small and easy to accommodate in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase.
Finally, it is conceived that further derivation of such compounds could serve as new templates for antibacterial drugs. Alanis AJ Resistance to antibiotics: are we in the post-antibiotic era? Arch Med Res — Article Google Scholar.
Amsterdam D Susceptibility testing of antimicrobials in liquid media. In: Loman V ed Antibiotics in laboratory medicine, 4th edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 52— Google Scholar. Chyu KY, Babbidge SM, Zhao X, Dandillaya R, Rietveld AG, Yano J, Dimayuga P, Cercek B, Shah PK Differential effects of green tea-derived catechin on developing versus established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice.
Circulation — Article CAS Google Scholar. Fernandes R, Amador P, Prudencio C β-Lactams: chemical structure, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Rev Med Microbiol — Gadow AV, Joubert E, Hansmann CF Comparison of the antioxidant activity of rooibos tea Aspalathus linearis with green, oolong and black tea.
Food Chem — Gradisar H, Pristovsek P, Plaper A, Jerala R Green tea catechins inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase by interaction with its ATP binding site.
J Med Chem — Graham HN Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev Med — Holdgate GA, Tunnicliffe A, Ward WH, Weston SA, Rosenbrock G, Barth PT, Taylor IW, Pauptit RA, Timms D The entropic penalty of ordered water accounts for weaker binding of the antibiotic novobiocin to a resistant mutant of DNA gyrase: a thermodynamic and crystallographic study.
Biochemistry — Cancer Res — CAS Google Scholar. Hu ZQ, Zhao WH, Hara Y, Shimamura T Epigallocatechin gallate synergy with ampicillin-sulbactam against 28 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
: Anti-bacterial catechins| Activity of catechins and their applications | In addition, CateProtect, which is tea catechin bonded with a fatty acid , has been confirmed to have effects against not only viruses, but also a wide range of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Figure 2 In particular, activity has been seen in CateProtect against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 4 times less than natural catechins minimum inhibit ory concentration, MIC , with effects against drug-resistant strains of bacteria such as MRSA, the cause of hospital infections. It has been clarified that such outstanding antimicrobial effects of CateProtect are caused by CateProtect binding to the bacterial membrane and causing cellular membrane damage. It has also been confirmed that CateProtect is effective against allergens such as mites and pollen, so it can also be used in sterilizing everyday objects. CateProtect is made by taking natural tea catechins and combining them with natural fatty acids , meaning its components are very safe. This high level of safety has been confirmed in tests regarding oral toxicity, dermal irritation, skin sensitization, and mutagenic properties. The mechanisms that show the outstanding properties of CateProtect are born through binding long-chain fatty acids with tea catechins. It is known that natural catechins combine with many different proteins, such as serums. As for their antibacterial and antiviral effects, it is thought that interaction between natural catechins and proteins on the surface of bacteria and viruses is included in their mechanism of action. CateProtect improves membrane affinity by modifying tea catechins with long-chain fatty acids, directly destroying viral and bacterial films. Antibacterial efficacy was tested in surfactants composed of fatty acid and sugars such as maltose and sorbitol , but activity was not observed at even times the level of concentration where CateProtect showed activity. In this way, it was confirmed that catechin skeletons and fatty acid modification were very important for antiviral activity. In order to commercialize CateProtect, with its excellent antiviral and antibacterial properties, Associate Professor KAIHATSU founded Protectea, Ltd. As their first commercialized product, in , Protectea, Ltd. Compound 1c has nonyl acetate group which is difficult to accommodate in ATP-binding pocket. Compounds 1d , 1e , 1f , 1g , 1h , and 1i have alkyl chain containing bulky group that is difficult to fit in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase. The presence of small hydroxy and methoxy groups in Compounds 1a and 1b makes it easy to be accommodated in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase, which might be a reason for good activity against microbial strain. A Docking pose of 1a and 1b on ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase B PDB code: 1AJ6. Panel A represents overall binding of compounds. B Docking pose of 1a and 1b on ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase B PDB code: 1AJ6. Panel B, Stick representation of selected amino acids of DNA gyrase B interacting with Compounds 1a and 1b. Red dot line represents hydrogen bonds. Compounds 1a , 1b , and 1c showed excellent antibacterial activity for gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Molecular docking studies also exhibited good binding affinity of Compounds 1a and 1b which have hydroxyl and methoxy group respectively. Both groups are small and easy to accommodate in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase. Finally, it is conceived that further derivation of such compounds could serve as new templates for antibacterial drugs. Alanis AJ Resistance to antibiotics: are we in the post-antibiotic era? Arch Med Res — Article Google Scholar. Amsterdam D Susceptibility testing of antimicrobials in liquid media. In: Loman V ed Antibiotics in laboratory medicine, 4th edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 52— Google Scholar. Chyu KY, Babbidge SM, Zhao X, Dandillaya R, Rietveld AG, Yano J, Dimayuga P, Cercek B, Shah PK Differential effects of green tea-derived catechin on developing versus established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation — Article CAS Google Scholar. Fernandes R, Amador P, Prudencio C β-Lactams: chemical structure, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Rev Med Microbiol — Gadow AV, Joubert E, Hansmann CF Comparison of the antioxidant activity of rooibos tea Aspalathus linearis with green, oolong and black tea. 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| Green tea catechins showed antibacterial activity on streptococcus mutans -An in vitro study. | Sinsinwar S, Antib-acterial V Catwchins mediated cytotoxicity exhibited by cashewnut shell extract coated AgNPs against Antk-bacterial Sports dietitian advice isolated from milk. MRI and surgical planning gallate inhibits endothelial exocytosis. Competing Anti-acterial The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Foster TJ Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus : current status and future prospects. Allergies are caused by an over active immune system reaction, producing itching and inflammation. of growth in liquid cultures. obliqua larvae were then reared until the adult stage under these conditions. |
| Top bar navigation | Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Background: Green tea is a commonly used dietary supplement and food product. Effect of green tea consumption on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials. orientalis MTCC , Candida parapsilosis C. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Wanasundara, U. |
| New Catechin Technology from Osaka University , "CateProtect" | School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Showa University. School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Showa University. Catechin epicatechin EC , epicatechin gallate ECg , epigallocatechin EGC and epigallocatechin gallate EGCg , which occur in green tea and black tea, possess strong bactericidal action. We observed a reactive oxygen species that was generated from the catechins as the active mechanism: and this reactive oxygen was identified. EGCg reacted with the dissolved oxygen in aqueous solution, resulting in the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide production derived from EGCg rose with increasing pH. EGCg 0. The bactericidal effect of EGCg is dependent on hydrogen peroxide levels produced by EGCg; moreover, EGCg action was inhibited by treatment with catalase. 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Food Sci Nutr — Sajeevan SE, Chatterjee M, Paul V, Baranwal G, Kumar VA, Bose C, Banerji A, Nair BG, Prasanth BP, Biswas R Impregnation of catheters with anacardic acid from cashew nut shell prevents Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development. J Appl Microbiol — Sanchez E, Garcia S, Heredia N Extracts of edible and medicinal plants damage membranes of Vibrio cholera. Appl Environ Microbiol 76 20 — Silva V, Igrejas G, Falco V, Santos TP, Torres C, Oliveira AMP, Pereira JE, Amaral JS, Poeta P Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds extracted from wine industry by-products. Sinsinwar S, Vadivel V ROS mediated cytotoxicity exhibited by cashewnut shell extract coated AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk. J Clust Sci. Sinsinwar S, Sarkar MK, Suriya KR, Nithyanand P, Vadivel V Use of agricultural waste coconut shell for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial activity against selected human pathogens. Sirk TW, Brown EF, Friedman M, Sum AK Molecular binding of catechins to biomembranes: relationship to biological activity. Srinivasan R, Karaoz U, Volegova M, MacKichan J, Kato-Maeda M, Miller S, Nadarajan R, Brodie EL, Lynch SV Use of 16S rRNA gene for identification of a broad range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. PLoS One. Staerck C, Gastebois A, Vandeputte P, Calenda A, Larcher G, Gillmann L, Papon N, Bouchara JP, Fleury MJJ Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes. Sugumar S, Nirmala J, Ghosh V, Anjali H, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N Bio-based nanoemulsion formulation, characterization and antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. J Basic Microbiol — Tong SYC, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler VG Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. Clin Microbiol Rev — Tsuchiya H, Sato M, Miyazaki T, Fujiwara S, Tanigaki S, Ohyama M, Tanaka T, Iinuma M Comparative study on the antibacterial activity of phytochemical flavanones against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Wang D, Jiang Y, Sun-Waterhouse DX, Zhai H, Guan H, Rong X, Li F, Yu JC, Li DP MicroRNA-based regulatory mechanisms underlying the synergistic antioxidant action of quercetin and catechin in H2O2-stimulated HepG2 cells: roles of BACH1 in Nrf2-dependent pathways. Free Radic Biol Med — Weiner LM, Webb AK, Limbago B, Dudeck MA, Patel J, Kallen AJ, Edwards JR, Sievert DM Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centres for disease control and prevention Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol — Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Wu J, Chu Z, Ruan Z, Wang X, Dai T, Hu X Changes of intracellular porphyrin, reactive oxygen species, and fatty acids profiles during inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial blue light. Front Physiol 9: Article ID Wu SC, Yang ZQ, Liu F, Peng WJ, Qu SQ, Li Q, Song XB, Zhu K, Shen JZ Antibacterial effect and mode of action of flavonoids from licorice against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Wu J, Li B, Xiao W, Hu J, Xie J, Yuan J, Wang L Longistylin A, a natural stilbene isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan , exhibits significant anti-MRSA activity. Int J Antimicrob Agent Article ID Xu HX, Lee SF The antibacterial principle of Caesalpina sappan. Phytother Res — Yow MD, Taber LH, Barrett FF, Mintz AA, Blankinship GR, Clark GE, Clark DJ A ten year assessment of methicillin-associated side effects. Pediatrics — Download references. The research project was financially supported by SERB, Government of India Start-up Grant No. Chemical Biology Lab ASK-II , School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. SS has performed the experiments, acquisition and analysis of data, and writing the manuscript draft. VV has contributed in supervision, conceptualisation, designed the experiments, analyzed the data, project administration and manuscript writing. Correspondence to Vellingiri Vadivel. This article does not contain any studies with animals or humans performed by any of the authors. Authors obtained approval from the Institutional Bio-safety Committee IBC Ref. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and permissions. Sinsinwar, S. Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol , — Download citation. Received : 07 May Revised : 09 July Accepted : 23 August Published : 28 August Issue Date : October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Abstract Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections and among all methicillin-resistant S. Access this article Log in via an institution. J King Saud Univ Sci — Google Scholar Alshatwi AA, Hasan TN, Alqahtani AM, Syed NA, Shafi G, Al-Assaf AH, Al-Khalifa AS Delineating the anti-cytotoxic and anti-genotoxicpotentials of catechin hydrate against cadmiumtoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA Phytochemicals: extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Int J Food Microbiol — CAS Google Scholar Amber R, Adnan M, Tariq A, Khan SN, Mussarat S, Hashem A, Al-Huqail AA, Al-Arjani ABF, Allah EFA Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants of northwest Pakistan traditionally used against mastitis in livestock. J Allergy Clin Immunol — Google Scholar Cai JY, Li J, Hou YN, Ma K, Yao GD, Liu WW, Hayashi T, Itoh K, Tashiro S, Onodera S, Ikejima T Concentration-dependent dual effects of silibinin on kanamycin-induced cells death in Staphylococcus aureus. Biomed Pharmacother — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Celenza G, Segatore B, Setacci D, Bellio P, Brisdelli F, Piovano M, Garbarino JA, Nicoletti M, Perilli M, Amicosante G In vitro antimicrobial activity of pannarin alone and in combination with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Phytomed — CAS Google Scholar CEPCI The cashew export promotion Council of India, cashew Bhavan, Mundakkal west, India. J Integr Med — PubMed Google Scholar Chan BCL, Margaret IP, Lau CBS, Lui SL, Jolivalt C, Ganem-Elbaz C, Litaudon M, Reiner NE, Gong H, See RH, Fung KP, Leung PC Synergistic effects of baicalein with ciprofloxacin against NorA over-expressed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and inhibition of MRSA pyruvate kinase. 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J Ethnopharmacol —34 CAS PubMed Google Scholar Wang D, Jiang Y, Sun-Waterhouse DX, Zhai H, Guan H, Rong X, Li F, Yu JC, Li DP MicroRNA-based regulatory mechanisms underlying the synergistic antioxidant action of quercetin and catechin in H2O2-stimulated HepG2 cells: roles of BACH1 in Nrf2-dependent pathways. Free Radic Biol Med — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Weiner LM, Webb AK, Limbago B, Dudeck MA, Patel J, Kallen AJ, Edwards JR, Sievert DM Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centres for disease control and prevention Front Physiol 9: Article ID Wu SC, Yang ZQ, Liu F, Peng WJ, Qu SQ, Li Q, Song XB, Zhu K, Shen JZ Antibacterial effect and mode of action of flavonoids from licorice against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Wu J, Li B, Xiao W, Hu J, Xie J, Yuan J, Wang L Longistylin A, a natural stilbene isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan , exhibits significant anti-MRSA activity. Int J Antimicrob Agent Article ID Xu HX, Lee SF The antibacterial principle of Caesalpina sappan. Phytother Res — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Yow MD, Taber LH, Barrett FF, Mintz AA, Blankinship GR, Clark GE, Clark DJ A ten year assessment of methicillin-associated side effects. Pediatrics — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Download references. Funding The research project was financially supported by SERB, Government of India Start-up Grant No. View author publications. Ethics declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical approval This article does not contain any studies with animals or humans performed by any of the authors. |
| Article information | Staerck C, Gastebois A, Vandeputte P, Calenda A, Larcher G, Gillmann L, Papon N, Bouchara JP, Fleury MJJ Microbial antioxidant defense enzymes. Sugumar S, Nirmala J, Ghosh V, Anjali H, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N Bio-based nanoemulsion formulation, characterization and antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. J Basic Microbiol — Tong SYC, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler VG Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. Clin Microbiol Rev — Tsuchiya H, Sato M, Miyazaki T, Fujiwara S, Tanigaki S, Ohyama M, Tanaka T, Iinuma M Comparative study on the antibacterial activity of phytochemical flavanones against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Wang D, Jiang Y, Sun-Waterhouse DX, Zhai H, Guan H, Rong X, Li F, Yu JC, Li DP MicroRNA-based regulatory mechanisms underlying the synergistic antioxidant action of quercetin and catechin in H2O2-stimulated HepG2 cells: roles of BACH1 in Nrf2-dependent pathways. Free Radic Biol Med — Weiner LM, Webb AK, Limbago B, Dudeck MA, Patel J, Kallen AJ, Edwards JR, Sievert DM Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centres for disease control and prevention Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol — Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Wu J, Chu Z, Ruan Z, Wang X, Dai T, Hu X Changes of intracellular porphyrin, reactive oxygen species, and fatty acids profiles during inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial blue light. Front Physiol 9: Article ID Wu SC, Yang ZQ, Liu F, Peng WJ, Qu SQ, Li Q, Song XB, Zhu K, Shen JZ Antibacterial effect and mode of action of flavonoids from licorice against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Wu J, Li B, Xiao W, Hu J, Xie J, Yuan J, Wang L Longistylin A, a natural stilbene isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan , exhibits significant anti-MRSA activity. Int J Antimicrob Agent Article ID Xu HX, Lee SF The antibacterial principle of Caesalpina sappan. Phytother Res — Yow MD, Taber LH, Barrett FF, Mintz AA, Blankinship GR, Clark GE, Clark DJ A ten year assessment of methicillin-associated side effects. Pediatrics — Download references. The research project was financially supported by SERB, Government of India Start-up Grant No. Chemical Biology Lab ASK-II , School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. SS has performed the experiments, acquisition and analysis of data, and writing the manuscript draft. VV has contributed in supervision, conceptualisation, designed the experiments, analyzed the data, project administration and manuscript writing. Correspondence to Vellingiri Vadivel. This article does not contain any studies with animals or humans performed by any of the authors. Authors obtained approval from the Institutional Bio-safety Committee IBC Ref. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and permissions. Sinsinwar, S. Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol , — Download citation. Received : 07 May Revised : 09 July Accepted : 23 August Published : 28 August Issue Date : October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Abstract Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections and among all methicillin-resistant S. Access this article Log in via an institution. J King Saud Univ Sci — Google Scholar Alshatwi AA, Hasan TN, Alqahtani AM, Syed NA, Shafi G, Al-Assaf AH, Al-Khalifa AS Delineating the anti-cytotoxic and anti-genotoxicpotentials of catechin hydrate against cadmiumtoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA Phytochemicals: extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. Int J Food Microbiol — CAS Google Scholar Amber R, Adnan M, Tariq A, Khan SN, Mussarat S, Hashem A, Al-Huqail AA, Al-Arjani ABF, Allah EFA Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants of northwest Pakistan traditionally used against mastitis in livestock. J Allergy Clin Immunol — Google Scholar Cai JY, Li J, Hou YN, Ma K, Yao GD, Liu WW, Hayashi T, Itoh K, Tashiro S, Onodera S, Ikejima T Concentration-dependent dual effects of silibinin on kanamycin-induced cells death in Staphylococcus aureus. Biomed Pharmacother — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Celenza G, Segatore B, Setacci D, Bellio P, Brisdelli F, Piovano M, Garbarino JA, Nicoletti M, Perilli M, Amicosante G In vitro antimicrobial activity of pannarin alone and in combination with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Phytomed — CAS Google Scholar CEPCI The cashew export promotion Council of India, cashew Bhavan, Mundakkal west, India. J Integr Med — PubMed Google Scholar Chan BCL, Margaret IP, Lau CBS, Lui SL, Jolivalt C, Ganem-Elbaz C, Litaudon M, Reiner NE, Gong H, See RH, Fung KP, Leung PC Synergistic effects of baicalein with ciprofloxacin against NorA over-expressed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and inhibition of MRSA pyruvate kinase. J Ethnopharmacol — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Cheraghi S, Pourgholi L, Shafaati M, Fesharaki SH, Jalali A, Nosrati R, Boroumand MA Analysis of virulence genes and accessory gene regulator agr types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Res — Google Scholar Cheruku SP, Ramalingayya GV, Chamallamudi MR, Biswas S, Nandakumar K, Nampoothiri M, Gourishetti K, Kumar N Catechin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced neuronal cytotoxicity in vitro and episodic memory deficit in vivo in Wistar rats. Cytotechnology — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Chew YL, Mahadi AM, Wong KM, Goh JK Anti-methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus MRSA compounds from Bauhinia kockiana Korth. Curr Microbiol — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Cunha LCS, De Morais SAL, De Aquino FJT, Chang R, De Oliveira A, Martins MM, Martins CHG, Sousa LCF, Barros TT, Da Silva CV, Do Nascimento EA Bioassay-guided fractionation and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Cassia bakeriana extracts. Rev Bras —98 CAS Google Scholar Deleo FR, Chambers HF Re-emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the genomics era. J Clin Invest — CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Demoliner F, Policarpi PB, Vasconcelos LFL, Vitali L, Micke GA, Block JM Sapucaia nut Lecythis pisonis Cambess and its by-products: a promising and underutilized source of bioactive compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother — CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Shortridge D, Zervos M, Jones RN Twenty-year trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities among Staphylococcus aureus from the sentry: antimicrobial surveillance program. Open Forum Infect Dis 6:S47—S53 PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Esquenazi D, Wigg MD, Miranda MMFS, Rodrigues HM, Tostes JBF, Rozental S, Da Silva AJR, Alviano CS Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of polyphenolics from Cocos nucifera Linn. Res Microbiol — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Etame RE, Mouokeu RS, Pouaha CLC, Kenfack IV, Tchientcheu R, Assam JPA, Poundeu FSM, Tiabou AT, Etoa FX, Kuiate JR, Ngane RAN Effect of fractioning on antibacterial activity of Enantia chlorantha Oliver Annonaceae methanol extract and mode of action. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Article ID FAOSTAT Statistical data published by food and agricultural organization FAO , Rome, Italy. FEMS Microbiol Rev — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Girija S, Duraipandiyan V, Kuppusamy PS, Gajendran H, Rajagopal R Chromatographic characterization and GC-MS evaluation of the bioactive constituents with antimicrobial potential from the pigmented ink of Loligo duvauceli. Int Sch Res Notices Article ID Gomes FMS, Xavier JC, Santos JFS, Matos YMLS, Tintino SR, Freitas TS, Coutinho HDM Evaluation of antibacterial and modifying action of catechin antibiotics in resistant strains. LWT Food Sci Technol Article ID Gowrishankar S, Thenmozhi R, Balaji K, Pandian SK Emergence of methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus among patients associated with group A Streptococcal pharyngitis infection in southern India. Infect Genet Evol — PubMed Google Scholar Gyawali R, Ibrahim SA Natural products as antimicrobial agents. Agric Biol Chem — CAS Google Scholar Hollands A, Corriden R, Gysler G, Dahesh S, Olson J, Ali SR, Kunkel MT, Lin AE, Forli S, Newton AC, Kumar GB, Nair BG, Perry JJP, Nizet V Natural product anacardic acid from cashew nut shell stimulates neutrophil extracellular trap production and bactericidal activity. J Biol Chem — CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hussain RM, Abdullah NF, Amom Z Killing of Staphylococcus aureus by allylprocatechol is potentiated by induction of intracellular oxidative stress and inhibition of catalase activity. Asian Pac J Trop Med — PubMed Google Scholar ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research, AMR surveillance network report. Accessed from online on Jin S, Eerdunbayaer Doi A, Kuroda T, Zhang G, Hatano T, Chen G Polyphenolic constituents of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. J Agric Food Chem — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Johari MA, Khong HY Total phenolic content and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pereskia bleo. Adv Pharmacol Sci Article ID Kanehashi S, Masuda R, Yokoyama K, Kanamoto T, Nakashima H, Miyakoshi T Development of a cashew nut shell liquid CNSL -based polymer for antibacterial activity. J Infect Public Health — PubMed Google Scholar Khodade VS, Chandra MS, Banerjee A, Lahiri S, Pulipeta M, Rangarajan R, Chakrapani H Bio-reductively activated reactive oxygen species ROS generators as MRSA inhibitors. Am J Pathol — PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kong C, Neoh HM, Nathan S Targeting Staphylococcus aureus toxins: a potential form of anti-virulence therapy. Front Microbiol Article Kulkarni AP, Nagvekar VC, Veeraraghavan B, Warrier AR, Deepak TS, Ahdal J, Jain R Current perspectives on treatment of gram-positive infections in India: what is the way forward? Arch Pharm Res — CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lee KA, Kim KT, Nah SY, Chung MS, Cho SW, Paik HD Antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of onion peel extracted by the subcritical water. 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Microb Pathog —65 CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sugumar S, Nirmala J, Ghosh V, Anjali H, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N Bio-based nanoemulsion formulation, characterization and antibacterial activity against food-borne pathogens. However, E. obliqua larvae are susceptible to infection by pathogens, parasites and viruses, a trait that can be exploited for biological control. For example, in agriculture, Beauveria bassiana and E. oblique nucleopoly hedrovirus EoNPV are commonly used to control E. oblique obliqua larvae necessarily ingest large quantities of EGCG during consumption of tea leaves so, here, we investigated the effect of EGCG on fitness of E. obliqua and its reason of action. There were significant differences in the fitness of E. obliqua between the Control and Treatment. Treatment: It is noteworthy that there were no significantly differences in the fitness of E. obliqua between the Antibiotic and Treatment except index of weight of female pupae. Effects of EGCG on the fitness of E. An unpaired two-tailed t -test was performed to assess the significance of differences between groups unless otherwise stated. a: weight of male pupa; b: weight of female pupa; c: Eclosion rate. Comparison of survival curves of three larvae groups. Treatment: 2. Treatment: 0. At the genus level, Enterococcus was the dominant genus in the Control For the treatment group, Enterococcus was the dominant genus Enterococcus was dominant in the guts of both the Control and Treatment group and there was no significant difference in dominant bacterial species between the larvae of the two groups. There was a large degree of overlap in gut bacterial communities between the two groups, with OTUs shared by the two groups Fig. It is noteworthy that the Pseudomonas in the Control was significantly higher than that in the Treatment Fig. Detailed data are shown in the attached table Table S2. Gut bacterial community structure variation of E. Students t test was used to evaluate the significance of differences between two groups. In the six representative E. obliqua larval gut samples, we obtained a total of , sequences [ Rarefaction curves of the six samples almost reached equilibrium, indicating that the natural bacteria diversity was well represented by the sequencing analysis Fig. Rarefaction curves of six gut samples based on Hiseq sequencing of E. obliqua larval gut bacterial communities. The PCoA using weighted unifrac distance showed no significant differences in β- diversity of the bacterial communities among larval gut bacteria of the two groups Fig. In contrast, the PCoA using unweighted unifrac showed statistically significant differences among the two groups Fig. Principal coordinates analysis of differences in gut bacteria of E. a the Principal coordinate analysis PCoA using weighted UniFrac distance; b the Principal coordinate analysis PCoA using unweighted UniFrac distance. CFU analysis showed a similar result Fig. EGCG treatment reduced the number of culturable bacteria in the gut of E. obliqua larvae from 2. CFU analysis of difference in cultivable gut bacteria of E. All fitness measures were improved in the Treatment as compared with the Control, indicating that EGCG may have a significant impact on fitness of E. And there was no significantly difference of all fitness measures except index of female pupae weight between Treatment and Antibiotic, indicating that EGCG promotes the fitness of larvae may be related to the antibacterial function of EGCG. Through observation we found that the Control was more susceptible to bacterial infection and had higher mortality. Previous study shown that EGCG plays an important role in antibacterial function Therefore, we believe that EGCG improves the fitness of E. obliqua larvae due to its antibacterial function. Using next generation sequencing technology, we assessed changes in the diversity and richness of gut bacterial communities of E. obliqua larvae after EGCG treatment. The EGCG treatment group had significantly lower bacterial species richness and evenness than the control group for three of the four alpha diversity indices. However, the dominant bacteria of the two groups were similar, and included Enterococcus , Weissella , Bacteroides , Lactococcus , Serratia , and Pseudomonas. These bacteria help to improve nutrient compositions of nutrient-poor host insect diets, aid digestion of difficult to digest food components, protect the host from predators, parasites, and pathogens, and are involved in host mating and reproductive For example, Enterococcus is active throughout the larval life cycle in most Lepidoptera larval guts, and probably plays a key role in insect defense against potentially harmful microorganisms Meanwhile, the phenomenon that gut bacteria promote the fitness of host insects is not unchangeable. As an example, Pseudomonas of larvae gut of the coffee berry borer beetle Hypothenemus hampei Coleoptera: Curculionidae , which can help host degradation of the caffeine And for other insects, the Pseudomonas is generally considered to be an insect pathogen Therefore, inhibition of colonization of Pseudomonas by EGCG in gut may be one of the reasons for promoting larval fitness. Caterpillars lack a resident gut microbiome and the number of bacteria in the gut of Lepidoptera larvae is much lower than that of other insects or animals And many of bacterial in the gut of caterpillars are transient bacterial, short-lived in the gut of healthy animals, are metabolized in the intestine to produce substances that affect the healthy growth of the host In our study we demonstrated that EGCG could inhibits colonization by many bacterial species e. Using q-RT-PCR technology and the CFU method, we also assessed changes in the abundance of gut bacteria in E. obliqua larvae guts after EGCG treatment. We found that EGCG treatment can significantly reduce the number of gut bacteria in larvae. In short, we think that one of the reasons why EGCG promotes larval fitness is that it inhibits the colonization of a large number of bacteria in the gut which is confirmed by the results of antibiotic treatment. Because of longstanding co-evolution, E. obliqua larvae have adapted to secondary compounds found in tea leaves, and may even benefit from these compounds, as is the case for EGCG. Therefore, this study sheds light on one of reasons underlying plant—insect interactions and benefits derived by herbivorous insects, even pests, from their host plants. obliqua eggs were obtained from stock cultures from the State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China The control group Control was fed artificial diet, the treatment group Treatment was fed the EGCG treated agar-based artificial diet, and the antibiotic treatment group Antibiotic was feed the antibiotic treated agar-based artificial diet. There were 7 replicates in each group and 10 larvae in each replicate. The three groups of E. obliqua larvae were then reared until the adult stage under these conditions. To analyze the effect of EGCG treatment on the fitness of E. obliqua , we recorded the following fitness indicators of the three groups of larvae: survival rate, pupa weight male and female , and eclosion rate. For DNA extraction of the gut bacteria complex of E. Dissecting scissors were used to cut laterally behind the head capsule, and the gut was removed from the cuticle with larval forceps. The whole gut including gut contents was collected and placed in a 2. Total genome DNA was extracted from samples using QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit Qiagen, USA. All PCR reactions were carried out with Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix New England Biolabs. PCR amplicons were mixed in equal density ratios. Then, the PCR amplicon mixture was purified with Qiagen Gel Extraction Kit Qiagen, Germany. The library quality was assessed on the Qubit 2. The library was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq. All samples were independently measured three times. The forward and reverse primers used for the genes of interest are described in supplemental Table S1. The β -actin gene was used as a reference for gene expression normalization After paired-end reads assembly and quality control, sequence analysis was performed using Uparse software Uparse v7. A representative sequence for each OTU was screened for further annotation. For each representative sequence, the RDP classifier Version 2. To study phylogenetic relationships among the OTUs and compare dominant species in different samples groups , multiple sequence alignment was conducted using MUSCLE software Version 3. Abundance values of OTUs were normalized using a standard of sequence number corresponding to the sample with the least sequences. Subsequent analysis of alpha diversity and beta diversity were performed using this normalized output. Rarefaction curves were generated based on observed species richness. Beta diversity analysis was used to evaluate differences in species complexity among the two groups. Beta diversity of both weighted and unweighted unifrac were calculated using QIIME software Version 1. Principal Coordinate Analysis PCoA was performed to visualize the gut bacteria species complex, and to illustrate the differences in the larval gut bacterial community composition and structure on the unifrac distances of the unweighted and weighted distance matrices, respectively. To determine which of the gut bacterial community could form colonies, we first extracted whole larval guts under sterile condition, as described previously. In order to verify the antibacterial function of EGCG. The strain was grown in Luria Broth LB medium, adjusted to an optical density OD of 0. We then calculated the number of gut bacteria using the CFU method. Nakayama, M. et al. Mechanism for the antibacterial action of epigallocatechin gallate egcg on bacillus subtilis. Journal of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan 79 5 , — CAS Google Scholar. Berasategui, A. Gut microbiota of the pine weevil degrades conifer diterpenes and increases insect fitness. Molecular Ecology ,26 15 Biere, A. Functional Ecology 27 3 , — Article Google Scholar. Zhu, F. Two hydroxyl groups of chroman-5,7-diol participate in hydrogen bond with main chains of Val97 and Gly, and the side chain of Ser The 9-alkoxynonanol group of Compound 1a makes hydrogen bond with Asp73, while methoxynonyloxy of 1b not involving in hydrogen but it can accommodate in ATP-binding pocket Fig. Compound 1c has nonyl acetate group which is difficult to accommodate in ATP-binding pocket. Compounds 1d , 1e , 1f , 1g , 1h , and 1i have alkyl chain containing bulky group that is difficult to fit in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase. The presence of small hydroxy and methoxy groups in Compounds 1a and 1b makes it easy to be accommodated in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase, which might be a reason for good activity against microbial strain. A Docking pose of 1a and 1b on ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase B PDB code: 1AJ6. Panel A represents overall binding of compounds. B Docking pose of 1a and 1b on ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase B PDB code: 1AJ6. Panel B, Stick representation of selected amino acids of DNA gyrase B interacting with Compounds 1a and 1b. Red dot line represents hydrogen bonds. Compounds 1a , 1b , and 1c showed excellent antibacterial activity for gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Molecular docking studies also exhibited good binding affinity of Compounds 1a and 1b which have hydroxyl and methoxy group respectively. Both groups are small and easy to accommodate in ATP-binding pocket of DNA gyrase. Finally, it is conceived that further derivation of such compounds could serve as new templates for antibacterial drugs. Alanis AJ Resistance to antibiotics: are we in the post-antibiotic era? Arch Med Res — Article Google Scholar. Amsterdam D Susceptibility testing of antimicrobials in liquid media. In: Loman V ed Antibiotics in laboratory medicine, 4th edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 52— Google Scholar. Chyu KY, Babbidge SM, Zhao X, Dandillaya R, Rietveld AG, Yano J, Dimayuga P, Cercek B, Shah PK Differential effects of green tea-derived catechin on developing versus established atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circulation — Article CAS Google Scholar. Fernandes R, Amador P, Prudencio C β-Lactams: chemical structure, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. Rev Med Microbiol — Gadow AV, Joubert E, Hansmann CF Comparison of the antioxidant activity of rooibos tea Aspalathus linearis with green, oolong and black tea. 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Bioorg Med Chem Lett — Bull Korean Chem Soc — Miura Y, Chiba T, Tomita I, Koizumi H, Miura S, Umegaki K, Hara Y, Ikeda M, Tomita T Tea catechins prevent the development of atherosclerosis in apoprotein E-deficient mice. J Nutr — Morris GM, Huey R, Lindstrom W, Sanner MF, Belew RK, Goodsell DS, Olson AJ AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: automated docking with selective receptor flexibility. J Comput Chem — Eur J Med Chem — Cancer Lett —7. Nat Rev Drug Discov — Stapleton PD, Shah S, Anderson JC, Hara Y, Hamilton-Miller JM, Taylor PW Modulation of beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus by catechins and gallates. Int J Antimicrob Agents — Xie YS, Kumar D, Vijaykumar BVD, Tarani PS, Zhao BX, Jun YM, Jang K, Shin D-S Microwave-assisted parallel synthesis of benzofurancarboxamide derivatives bearing anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agents. Tetrahedron Lett — Download references. This work was supported by the Grants from Ministry of Environment KME, and National Research Foundation NRF , Korea. |
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Issue 11, Antibacterial green tea catechins from a molecular perspective: mechanisms of action and structure—activity relationships.
Sports dietitian advice to one million secondary metabolites catechuns found Low-sugar athlete snacks plant species, some of which may Cxtechins desirable therapeutic activities. Among these secondary metabolites, catechin, gallic acid, and epigallocatechingallate catehcins natural phenolic compounds with promising antioxidant and antibacterial activity. However, these compounds have disadvantages of poor solubility, low bioavailability in physiological conditions, and side effects in patients. Therefore new strategies could rely on formulations with other synthetic and natural materials. Nanoformulations of secondary metabolites could be new efficient strategies to treat many chronic bacterial infections.
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